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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mannitol
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M: osm diuretic, + tubular fluid osmolarity, + urine flow
C: shock, drug OD, - intracranial/intraocular pressure |
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acetazolamide
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M: carb anhydrase inhibitor, cause NaHCO3 diuresis, - total body HCO3- stores, prox tubule action
C: glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness |
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furosemide
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M: sulfonamide loop diuretic, inhibit cotransport system (Na/K/2Cl) of thick asc limb, abolish medullary hypertonicity to prevent concentration of urine, + Ca++ secretion (Loops Lose calcium)
C: edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), hypertension, hypercalcemia |
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ethacrynic acid
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M: phenoxyacetic acid derivative, same action as furosemide
C: diuresis in pts allergic to sulfa drugs |
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hydrochlorothiazide
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M: thiazide diuretic, inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reduce diluting capacity of nephron, - Ca++ excretion
C: hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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K+ sparing diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride, eplereone
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M: a) competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in cortical collecting tubule; b) block Na+ channels in the CCT
C: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF |
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which diuretics + urine NaCl?
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all diuretics increase this urine electrolyte
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which diuretics + urine K+?
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all but K+ sparing increase this urine electrolyte
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which diuretics - blood pH (acidosis)? which + blood pH (alkalosis)?
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CA inhibitors, K+ sparing decrease this; loop diuretics, thiazides
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which diuretics + urine Ca++? which - urine Ca++?
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loop diuretics + this urine electrolyte, while thiazides decrease it
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hydralazine
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M: + cGMP to relax smooth muscle, vasodilate arterioles more than veins; afterload reduction
C: severe hypertension, CHF |
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calcium channel blockers: verapamil, diltiazem, nifedipine
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M: block voltage-dependent L-type Ca++ channels of cardiac and smooth muscle to reduce contractility
C: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias (NOT nifedipine) |
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order of CCB's for a) most to least effect on cardiac muscle; b) vascular smooth muscle
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a) verapamil>diltiazem>nifedipine
b) nifedipine>diltiazem>verapamil |
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losartan
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M: angiotensin II receptor antagonist
T: no cough |
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ACE inhibitors: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
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C: hypertension, CHF, diabetic renal disease
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mechanism of ACE inhibitors: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
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M: inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme, - angiotensin II levels, prevent inactivation of bradykinin (a potent vasodilator)
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toxicity of ACE inhibitors
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"CAPTOPRIL": Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), Rash, increased Renin, Lower angiotensin II (& hyperkalemia)
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nitroglycerine, isosorbide dinitrate
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M: vasodilate by releasing NO in smooth muscle, + in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation, dilates veins >> arteries
C: angina, pulmonary edema, aphrodisiac and erection enhancer |
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CCB's: nifedipine is similar to xxxx in effect; verapamil is similar to xxxx in effect
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a) nitrates; b) beta blockers
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antianginal therapy: what are the determinants of myocardial oxygen consumption? (MVO2)
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end diastolic volume, blood pressure, contractility, heart rate, ejection time
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cardiac glycosides: digoxin
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M: 75% bioavailability, 20-40% protein bound, half-life 40hrs, urinary excretion; inhibits Na/K ATPase of cell membrane to + Ca++ inside cells and increases contractility
C: CHF (+ contractility), atrial fibrillation (- AV node conduction) |
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list the class Ia anti-arrhythmics
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quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramid
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list the class Ib anti-arrhytmics
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lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide
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list the class Ic anti-arrhythmics
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flecainide, encainide, propafenone
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