First Aid Cardiac Drugs (Dd)

Front 1

which lipid-lowering agent has best effect on HDL?

Back 1

niacin (side effects: flushing which is dec'd by aspirin or longterm use)

Front 2

which statin is NOT metabolized by P450 system?

Back 2

pravastatin

Front 3

which lipid lowering agent causes a slight increase in TG?

Back 3

bile acid resins (cholestyramine, colestipol)

Front 4

which lipid loweirng agents have biggest lowering effect on TGs?

Back 4

"fibrates"--gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate

Front 5

which lipid lowering agents work by decreasing production of VLDL?

Back 5

niacin

Front 6

which lipid lowering agents work by stimulating LPL/enhancing rate of catabolism of VLDL?

Back 6

fibrates (gemfribrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate)

Front 7

which class of lipid lowering agents is safest and what is the effect?

Back 7

cholesterol absorption blockers (ezetimibe). only decreases LDL. no effect on HDL or TGs

Front 8

which antihypertensive can cause a positive Coombs test?

Back 8

methyldopa (cental acting alpha agonist, safe for preggers)

Front 9

which antiHTNives have sexual side effects?

Back 9

hexamthonium (ganglionic blocker--sexual dysfxn); guanethidine (inhibits Mg-ATPase--sexual dysfxn); beta blockers (impotence)

Front 10

which antiHTNive can cause hypertrichosis?

Back 10

minodixil (a vasodilator; use with beta blocker to prevent relfex tachycardia and w/diuretic to block salt retention)

Front 11

which CCB should NOT be used for arrhythmias?

Back 11

nifedipine

Front 12

MOA of nitroglycerin

Back 12

vasodilate by releasing NO in smooth muscle--> increase in cGMP and smooth muscle relaxation; dilates veins>> arteries

Front 13

which heart drug has "Monday dz" as a toxicity

Back 13

(tolerance during the work week and loss of tolerance over weekend-> tachycardia, dizzinesss, headache); nitroglycerin

Front 14

half life of digoxin?

Back 14

40hrs

Front 15

MOA of cardiac glycosides

Back 15

directly inhibit Na/K ATPase--> indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchanger leads to increased intracellular calcium

Front 16

clinical use of cardiac glycosides

Back 16

CHF (to increase contractility); afib (decreases conduxn at AV node, depresses SA node)

Front 17

what diuretics should go with digoxin?

Back 17

spironolactone/K+ sparers b/c hypokalemia potentiates dig toxicity

Front 18

what increases toxicities of digoxin

Back 18

renal failure, hypokalemia, quinidine (dec'd clearance, displaces dig from tissue binding sites)

Front 19

antidote to digoxin toxicity

Back 19

slowly normalize K+, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-dig Fab fragments

Front 20

name 4 Class IA antiarr

Back 20

quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramide (queen amy proclaims diso's pyramid)

Front 21

name 3 Class IB antiarr

Back 21

lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide

Front 22

name 3 Class IC antiarr

Back 22

flecainide, encainide, propafenone

Front 23

very short acting class II antiarr?

Back 23

esmolol (beta blocker(

Front 24

name 4 class III antiarr

Back 24

sotalol, ibutilide, bretylium, amiodarone

Front 25

name 2 class IV antiarr

Back 25

verapamil, diltiazem

Front 26

compare the class I antiarr in terms of effect on AP duration

Back 26

IA (Na, intermediate acting)--increase duration; IB (Na, fast acting)--decrease duration; IC (Na, slow acting)--no change in AP

Front 27

usefulness of IA antiarr?

Back 27

(quinidine, amiodarone, procainamide, disopyramide) affect both ATRIAL and VENTRICULAR s, esp reenrant and ectopic tachycardias

Front 28

which antiarrhythmics useful in acute ventricular arrhytmias, esp post MI?

Back 28

IB (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

Front 29

drug of choice in diagnosing/abolishing AV nodal arrhythmias

Back 29

adenosine (maybe cause flushing)

Front 30

which antiarr contraindicated post-MI?

Back 30

class IC (flecainide, encainide, propafenone)

Front 31

when use class IC antiarr?

Back 31

usually only as last resort in refractory tachyarrhythmias

Front 32

which antiarr only work on AV and SA nodes?

Back 32

class II (beta blockers)

Front 33

which antiarr can cause dyslipidemia?

Back 33

metoprolol (class II)

Front 34

amiodarone toxicities

Back 34

pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, thyroidisms, corneal deposits, photodermatitis, neurologic effects, constipation; check PFTs, LFTs, TFTs!!!

Front 35

use of class IV antiarr?

Back 35

(nondihydropyridine CCBs; verpamil, diltiazem); primarily affect AV nodal cells--> good for prevention of nodal arrhythmias

Front 36

antiarrhythmic effect of K+?

Back 36

depresses ectopic pacemakers, esp in digoxin toxicity