Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Function of glycocalyx
|
polysaccarhide mediates adherence to surfaces (indwelling catheters) for bacteria
|
|
|
Gram negative membranes
|
contain cell wall and outermembrane with endotoxin - induces TNF and IL-1
|
|
|
Mycoplasma unique characteristics
|
No cell wall, gram +, contains sterols
|
|
|
Bugs that don't gram stain well
|
treponema, rickettsia (intracellular parasite), mycobaxteria (acid fast), mycoplasma, legionella (silver stain), chlamydia
|
|
|
PAS stain usegul for:
|
staingin glycogen, mucopolysaccharides used for toopheryma whippeli (Whipple's dz.)
|
|
|
Obligate aerobes
|
use O2 dependent to make ATP, nocadia, pseudomonas, myocbacterumum TB, bacillus
|
|
|
Obligate anaerobes
|
lack catalase or superoxxide dsmutase, prone to oxidative damage, clostridum, bacteriodies, actinomyces
|
|
|
Catalase + organisms
|
staph, serratitia, psedudomonas, actinomyces, candida, E. coli, peope with chronic granulomatous disease have decreased H2O2 so more prone to these
|
|
|
Intracellular organisms
|
Richettsia and chlyamydia (obligate)
Facultative- salmonella, neiserria, brucella, mypcobacterium, listeria, francisella, legionella, yersinia |
|
|
Encapsulated bacteria
|
strep pneumpo, HB, neiseria, salmonella, kelbsiella, group B strep
Antiphagocytic factor, more of a problem in asplenic people |
|
|
Protein A (virulence factor)
|
binds Fc region of Ig an prevents opsonization, seen in staph auerus
|
|
|
Exotoxin properties
|
seen in gram + and neg, polypeptide, vary toxic, antigenic, in toxoid vaccines, seen in tetanues, botulism, diphtheria
|
|
|
Endotoxin properties
|
outer cell membrane of gram neg bacteria, lipolpysaccaride, low toxicity need large dose, but leads to fever, shock, induces TNF and IL-1, not vvery antigenic, no vaccines available
|
|
|
Clostridium tetani vs. botulinum
|
both cleave SNARE protein needed for NT release
tentain- prevents relase of inhibtiroy NTs Tbotulinum- prvents release of stimulatory ACh at MSK junction |
|
|
Toxins that inhibit 60s ribosome
|
Shiga toxin from shigella leads to dysentery, shiga-like toxin of EHEC
|
|
|
Superantigens
|
bring MHCII to TLR to cause release of IFN-gamma and IL-2 leading to shock, seen in strep pyogenes and staph aureus
|
|
|
Transformation in bacteria
|
ability to take up DNA drom environment (strep pneumo, HiB, neiserria
|
|
|
Gram + cocci, catalase and coagulase +
|
staph aureus, catalse neg is strep (subtype determined by type of hemolysis)
|
|
|
GRam + branching filaments
|
Actinomyces- anaerobe, not acid fast
Nocardia - Aerobe acid fast |
|
|
B-hemolytic bacteria
|
cause clear area of hyemolysis on blood agar, strep pyogenes, (bacitraicn sensitive), strep agalacticae (bacitracin ressitane), staph (catalase and coag +)
|
|
|
Staph epidermidis
|
infects prosthetic devices, component of normal skin flora, common contaminat in cultures
|
|
|
Strep pneumo
|
lancet shaped gram + diplococci, w/ IgA protease, most common cause of meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia and sinusitis
|
|
|
strep viridans
|
normal flora of mouth, cause dental caries, and subacute bacterial endocarditis, resistant to optochin, alpha hemolytic
|
|
|
Clostridium perfingns toxin
|
alpha toxin causes gas gangrene
|
|
|
listeria monocytogenes
|
unpasteruized dairy products and deli meats or vaginla transmission during birth, tumbling motility, causes sponatneous abortions in pregos, bad for neonates
|
|
|
Ghon Complex
|
TB granuloas (Ghon focus + lobar and perihilar lymph ndoe involvement) shows primary infection and exposure
|
|
|
lactose fermentes grow pink on MacConkey's agar
|
citrobacter, klebsiella, E coli, enterobacter, settatia
|
|
|
Neiserria
|
gram neg diplococci, ferments glucose and produces IgA proteases
|
|
|
Leginonella pneumophila
|
severe pneumonia and fever, gram neg rod, neeed silver stain, antigens detected in urine, treatment is erythromycin
|
|
|
E coli strains
|
EIEC- invasive dysentery
ETEC- traveler's watery diarrhea EPEC- dirahea in peds EHEC- dysentery, does not ferment sorbitol (HUS) |
|
|
Campylobacter jejuni
|
causes blody diarrhea esp. in kids, fecal oral through poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk, comma shaped oxidase +, can preced Guillain-Barre syndrome
|
|
|
Day care center had an outreak after someone brought in a bunch of puppies, now they all have diarrhea. In the lawsuit against the puppy the organism is:
|
yersinia enterocolitica- pet feces, contaminated milk or pork, leads to diarrhea, daycare centers, mauses mesenteric adenitis presents similar to Crohn's or appendicitis
|
|
|
Spirochetes?
|
boellia, leptosiria and treponema
|
|
|
expanding bulls eye rash with central clearing, joint probs, went hiking
|
borellia burgodorferi by ixodes tick (lyme disease), tx is dox or ceftriaxone
|
|
|
Syphyllis
|
trepnema pallidum, treatment pen G, painless chancre, disseminated disease is worse
|
|
|
Argyll Robertson Pupil
|
Accomodates but won't react, associated with tertiary symphillis
|
|
|
gardnerella vaginalis
|
fishy vagina,, Clue cells (vaginal epithelaial cells covered with bacteria)
|
|
|
Rash onpalsas and soles, bitten by a tick
|
Rickettsia, obligate intracellular organism, hedache, fever and rash that migrates
|
|
|
Chlamydiae
|
can't make own ATP, bobligate intercellualr organsim, elemnetary body enters via endocytosis, retifculate body repliates in cell
Tx is azithromycin or doxycycline |
|
|
mycoplasma pneumonia
|
walking pneumonia- diffuse inetrerstital infiltrate, insiduious onset, high titer cold agglutins, treatment is tetracycline, or eryhtromcyin, no cell wall so no gram stain or PCNs
|
|
|
histoplasmosis
|
missipi and ohio river valley, causes pneumonia, in bird and bat poop, oh... btw its fungus
|
|
|
coccidiomycosis
|
southwest US, causes pneumonia and meningitis, dissseminates to bone and skin, spherule filled with endospores, San Joquin valley fever
|
|
|
Tinea versicolor
|
caused by malasezzia furfur, spagetthi and meatball on KOH prep, leads to hyper/hypopigmented patches, treatment is topical micanozole, selenium sulfide
|
|
|
aspergillus fumigatus
|
invasive aspergillois in immunocomproised or those with chronci granuloamtous disease, allergic bronchopulmonary aspercillosis, or in lung cavity with TB infeciton, some have aflotoxins associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, invasive and or diseeminated disease in immunocompromised, not dimorphic
|
|
|
Giardia
|
bloating, flatulence, foul smellig, fatty diarhea, cysts in water, trophozoites or cysts in stool tx is metronidazole
|
|
|
Entamoeba histolytica
|
amebiasis -> bloody diarrhea, liver abscess, RUQ plain, from cysts in water, serology or trophoites or cysts in stool, tx is metronidazole and iodoquinol
|
|
|
Cryptosporidium
|
severe diarrhea in AIDs, more mild in nonimmunecompromised, cysts in water, ACID FAST STAIN,tx is prevention usually none required
|
|
|
toxoplasma gondi
|
brain abscess, congenital defects, cysts in cat feces, crosses placenta, diagnosis is biopsy, x is sulfadizine + pyrimethine
|
|
|
naegleria
|
rapid fatal meningoencephalitis, swimming in lakes, enter via cribiform plate, amoebas in CSF, amphotericin effective for some
|
|
|
trypanosoma brucei
|
african sleeping sickness, Tsetse fly, diagnosed via blood smear
|
|
|
plasmodium
|
malaria! fever,headahce anemia, splenomegaly,, mosquito transmission, tx varies from one to other
|
|
|
Babesia
|
ixodes tick, fever and hemolytic anemia, Maltese crosss on blood smear, tx is quinine
|
|
|
Trypanasoma cruzi
|
Chaga's! Kissing bug poop!dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, tx is nifuritimox
|
|
|
Leishmania
|
visceral leismaniasis, spiking fevers, pancytopenia, sandfly, tx is sodum stibofluconate
|
|
|
Trichonomas vaginalis
|
foul smelling greenish dischage, sexual transmission, trophozoites on wet mount, treat patient and partner with metronidazole
|
