First Aid - Antibiotics

Front 1

Penicillin (MOA, SE)

Back 1

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

SE
- Direct Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
- Rash

Front 2

Methicillin (MOA, SE)

Back 2

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

SE
- Interstitial nephritis

Front 3

Ampicillin (MOA, SE)

Back 3

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

SE - Pseudomembranous colitis

Note:
- can combine w/ clavulanic acid ot protect against B-lactamase
- Also if you give ampicillin to a patient w/ mono it can lead to a full body rash

Front 4

Piperacillin (MOA)

Back 4

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

Front 5

Cephalosporin (MOA)

Back 5

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

Note: Some can cause Disulfiram like reaciton

Front 6

Aztreonam (MOA)

Back 6

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

Note: no cross-allergy w/ penicillins

Front 7

Imipenam/Cilastin (MOA, SE)

Back 7

Block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking

SE
- Seizures

Front 8

Bacitracin (MOA)

Back 8

Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis

Front 9

Vancomycin (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 9

Blocks peptidoglycan synthesis (Binds D-ala D-ala in wall)

Use
- MRSA
- C difficile (or metronidazole)

SE
- Red Man Sx
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity

Front 10

Sulfonamides (MOA, SE)

Back 10

Inhibits Dihydropteroate Synthase - Blocks nucleotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

SE - RIP the HAG
- Rash (SJS)
- Infant (kernicterus)
- Photosensitivity

- Hypothyroidism
- Anemia (Megaloblastic)
- G6PD Hemolysis

Front 11

Trimethorpim (MOA)

Back 11

-Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase - Blocks nulceotide synthesis by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

Front 12

Fluoroquinolones (MOA, SE)

Back 12

Inhibits DNA gyrase (counteracts supercoils)- Blocks DNA topoisomerase

SE
- Tendonitis, Tendon rupture, Cartilage damage
- Teratogen

Front 13

Rifampin (MOA, SE)

Back 13

Blocks mRNA synthesis

SE
- Red/Orange body fluids

Front 14

Metronidazole (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 14

Damage DNA by generating free radicals

Use
- Gardnerella
- Note: also antiprotozoal

SE
- Disulfiram like reaction

Front 15

Chloramphenicol (MOA, SE)

Back 15

Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

SE
- Aplastic anemia
- Grey baby Sx

Front 16

Macrolide (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 16

Binds 23 rRNA of 50S and blocks protein synthesis

Use - Atypical Pneumonia (e.g. Mycoplasma)

SE
- Arrhythmia (caused by prolonged QT)
- Inc serum conc of theophylines b/c potent CYP450 inhibitor
- Erythromycin - Acute cholestatic hepatitis, jaundice
- Clarithromycin - Embryotoxic

Front 17

Clindamycin (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 17

Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

Use - Anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

SE
- Pseudomembranous colitis

Front 18

Streptogramins (MOA)

Back 18

-Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

Front 19

Quinupristin (MOA)

Back 19

-Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

Front 20

Dalfopristin (MOA)

Back 20

-Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

Front 21

Linezolid (MOA)

Back 21

-Blocks protein synthesis at 50S ribosomal unit

Front 22

Aminoglycosides (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 22

Blocks protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit

Use
- Group B Strep
- Pseudomonas (+ an extended spectrum penicillin, pip or tic)

SE
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Teratogen

(kidney CISts & Very Low Audio)

Front 23

Tetracyclines (MOA, SE)

Back 23

Blocks protein synthesis at 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA

SE
- Photosensitivity
- Discoloration of teeth in children
- Fanconi's sx if expired
- Teratogen

Note: Don't take with milk, antacids or iron b/c inhibits absorption in gut

Front 24

Disulfiram Like Reaction

Back 24

Some Can Make you Puke
- 1st gen sulfonylurea
- Certain Cephalosporins
- Metronidazole
- Procarbazine

Front 25

Isoniazid [INH]
- SE
- How to prevent neurotoxicity

Back 25

Dec synthesis of Mycolic acids (therefore good in Tb)

(i So Need a Good Hamberger)
- SLE like Sx (SHIPP)
- Neurotoxicity - seizures
- G6PD hemolysis
- Hepatoxicity - hepatitis

Prevent neurotoxicity w/ pyridoxine - vitamin B6

Front 26

Dapsone (SE)

Back 26

Agranulocytosis

Front 27

Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity

Back 27

kidney CISts & Very Low Audio
-Cisplatin
- Vancomycin
- Loop diuretics
- Aminoglycosides

Front 28

Clavulanic Acid

Back 28

- Added to amoxicillin (and other drugs)
- Treats infections caused by B-lactamase producing bacteria
- Inactivates B-lactamase enzyme so that penicillin can exert its antimicrobial effect

Front 29

What antibiotic can cause a full body rash when patient has mono?

Back 29

Ampicillin

Front 30

What drug has a similar MOA as penicillin but does not have cross-alelrgenicity?

Back 30

Aztreonam

Front 31

Which Antibiotic Class? - Gentamicin

Back 31

Aminoglycosides

Front 32

Which Antibiotic Class? - Neomycin

Back 32

Aminoglycosides

Front 33

Which Antibiotic Class? - Amikacin

Back 33

Aminoglycosides

Front 34

Which Antibiotic Class? - Tobramycin

Back 34

Aminoglycosides

Front 35

Which Antibiotic Class? - Streptomycin

Back 35

Aminoglycosides

Front 36

Name all the Aminoglycosides

Back 36

aMEANoglycosides GNATS (MEAN GNATS)

Gentamycin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin

Front 37

Which Antibiotic Class? - Tetracycline

Back 37

Tetracylines

Front 38

Which Antibiotic Class? - Doxycycline

Back 38

Tetracylines

Front 39

Which Antibiotic Class? - Demeclocycline

Back 39

Tetracylines

Front 40

Which Antibiotic Class? - Minocycline

Back 40

Tetracylines

Front 41

Which Antibiotic Class? - Azithromycin

Back 41

Macrolide

Front 42

Which Antibiotic Class? - Clarithromycin

Back 42

Macrolide

Front 43

Which Antibiotic Class? - Erythromycin

Back 43

Macrolide

Front 44

Name the Tetracyclines

Back 44

Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Demeclocycline
Minocycline

Front 45

Name THe Macolides

Back 45

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Erythromcyine

Front 46

Which drugs should not be taken w/ milk, antacids or iron?

Back 46

Tetracyclines - inhibits gut absorption

Front 47

Which tetracycline is good for renal failure?

Which is contraindicated?

Back 47

Doxycycline = good

Tetracycline = contraindicated

Front 48

Drugs that cause Photosensitivity reaction

Back 48

SAT for photo

- Sulfonamides
- Amiodarone
- Tetracycline

Front 49

Which fluoroquinolone should not be taken with antacids?

Back 49

Ofloxacin

Front 50

Prophylaxis (CD4 count & drug)
- Pneumocysitis jirovicci
- Toxoplasmosis
- Mycobacterium avium
- Histoplasmosis

Back 50

- Pneumocysitis jirovicci - <200; TMP-SMX
- Toxoplasmosis - <100; TMP-SMX
- Mycobacterium avium - <50; Azithromcyin
- Histoplasmosis - <100

Front 51

Antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Back 51

MCAT

- Metronidazole
- Chloramphenicol
- Aminoglycoside
- Tetracycline

Front 52

Ethambutol (MOA, Use, SE)

Back 52

MOA - Dec carbohydrate polymerization of mycobacterium cell wall by blocking arabinosyltransferase

Use - Tb

SE- Optic neuropathy (red/green color blindness)

Front 53

“BLOCK TRANSLOCATION STEP”

Back 53

Macrolides = “BLOCK TRANSLOCATION STEP” via binding to the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit.

Front 54

“blocks peptidyl transferase”

Back 54

chloramphenicol

Front 55

“blocks peptide bond formation”

Back 55

clindamycin

Front 56

50S Binding Antibiotics

Back 56

Chlroamphenicol
Clindamycin
Macrolides (erythromycin)
Linezolid

Front 57

“disrupt initiation complex and cause misreading of mRNA.”

Back 57

Aminoglycosides

Front 58

“prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site”

Back 58

Tetracyclines

Front 59

bactericidal

Back 59

bacteria-killing

Front 60

bacteriostatic

Back 60

bacteria-inhibiting

Front 61

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Macrolides

Back 61

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 62

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Chloramphenicol

Back 62

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 63

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Clindamycin

Back 63

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 64

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Linezolid

Back 64

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 65

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Tetracycline

Back 65

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 66

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- Aminoglycosides

Back 66

Bactericidal (Aminoglycosides + TMP-SMX combo)

Front 67

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- TMP-SMX

Back 67

Bactericidal (Aminoglycosides + TMP-SMX combo)

Front 68

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- TMP

Back 68

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)

Front 69

Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal?
- SMX

Back 69

Bacteriostatic (50S + tetracyycline + TMP + SMX)