First Aid 09 Micro - Fungi

Front 1

Condia are what?

Back 1

Asexual fungal spores

Front 2

Histoplasmosis is located in what part of the U.S

Back 2

Mississipi and Ohio river valleys

Front 3

What condition does Histoplasmosis cause?

Back 3

Pneumonia

Front 4

What fungus can be found in bird or bat droppings?

Back 4

Histoplasmosis

Front 5

What cells can Histoplasmosis be found in and in what state?

Back 5

Intracellular (tiny yeast inside macrophages)

Front 6

Blastomycoces dermatitidis can be found in what part of the world

Back 6

States east of Mississippi River and Central America

Front 7

What condition does Blastomycosis cause?

Back 7

Inflammatory lung disease and dissemination to skin and bone. Forms granulomatous nodules.

Front 8

Blastomycosis has what unique feature?

Back 8

Broad based budding

Front 9

What fungus undergoes reproduction through broad-based budding?

Back 9

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Front 10

What systemic mycoses can be found in the Southwestern U.S. (California)?

Back 10

Coccidioides immitis

Front 11

What do the skin lesions in Blastomyces simulate?

Back 11

Squamous cell carcinoma

Front 12

Coccidioides immitis can be found in what part of the world

Back 12

Southwestern United States, California

Front 13

What conditions can coccidioidomycosis cause?

Back 13

Pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bone and skin (erythema nodosum), granulomatous inflammation with caesous necrosis, pulmonary nodules

Front 14

To treat a local infection of histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, or coccidioidomycosis, what would you use? To treat a systemic?

Back 14

Fluconazole or ketoconazole for local. Amphotericin B for systemic. All blastomycoses infections require agressive amphotericin B or itraconazole treatments

Front 15

What are dimorphic fungi?

Back 15

Mold in soil (lower temp) and yeast in tissue (higher/body temp)

Front 16

Systemic mycoses mimic what bacterial infection?

Back 16

TB (granuloma formation)

Front 17

Tinea versicolor is caused by

Back 17

Malassezia furfur

Front 18

Malassezia furfur causes what and where does it occur usually

Back 18

Tinea versicolor; Occurs in hot, humid weather

Front 19

What is the treatment for tinea versicolor?

Back 19

Topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (Selsun)

Front 20

In a KOH prep, what does Malassezia furfur look like?

Back 20

"Spaghetti and meatball" appearance

Front 21

Microsporum is a type of

Back 21

Dermatophyte - cutaneous infections

Front 22

Trichophyton is a type of

Back 22

Dermatophyte - cutaneous infections

Front 23

Epidermophyton is a type of

Back 23

Dermatophyte - cutaneous infections

Front 24

Name the three common dermatophytes

Back 24

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

Front 25

What enzyme do dermatophytes secrete?

Back 25

Keratinase

Front 26

Are dermatophytes dimorphic? and what would you see in a KOH prep?

Back 26

No, not dimorphic; See mold hyphae in KOH prep

Front 27

What is a reservoir for Microsporum?

Back 27

Pets

Front 28

What species of fungus can Wood's light detect?

Back 28

Microsporum

Front 29

What condition does Candida albicans cause in immunocompromised patients?

Back 29

Oral and esophageal trush

Front 30

What leads to vulvovaginitis by Candida albicans in female patients?

Back 30

high pH, diabetes, use of antibiotics

Front 31

What species of fungus causes oral/esophageal trush, vulvovaginitis, diaper rash, endocardidtis in IV drug users?

Back 31

Candida albicans

Front 32

Use what to treat superficial candida infection? Serious systemic candida infection?

Back 32

Nystatin for superficial. Amphotericin B for serious systemic infection

Front 33

Candida albicans can cause what condition in IV drug users?

Back 33

Endocarditis

Front 34

What species of fungus can cause endocarditis in IV drug users?

Back 34

Candida albicans

Front 35

How would you see candida albicans in culture?

Back 35

Yeast w/pseudohyphae at 20 degrees C; Germ tube formation at 37 degrees C

Front 36

What conditions would you find with aspergillus fumigatus?

Back 36

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, lung cavity aspergilloma ("fungus ball"), invasive aspergillosis, esp. in immunocompromised individuals and thsoe with chronic granulomatous disease.

Front 37

What form would you find Aspergillus in culture?

Back 37

Mold with septate hyphae that branch at a V shaped 45 degree angle. Not dimorphic

Front 38

Aflatoxin is produced by what fungus and what disease does it cause?

Back 38

Aspergillus flavus; Causes liver damage and liver cancer

Front 39

Cryptococcus neoformans is inahaled like other fungi but different in that

Back 39

Major manifestation is meningioencephalitis rather than pneumonia

Front 40

Where is Cryptococcus neoformans typically found?

Back 40

Soil, pigeon droppings

Front 41

What opportunistic fungus is found in soil and pigeon droppings?

Back 41

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 42

What opportunistic fungus stains with India Ink?

Back 42

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 43

What kind of lesions are found in the brain in cryptococcal meningitis?

Back 43

"Soap buble"

Front 44

What kind of test can you use for Cryptococcus rather than agar and India ink?

Back 44

Latex agglutination test that detects polysaccharide capsular antigen

Front 45

What type of fungus has heavily encapsulated yeast and is not dimorphic?

Back 45

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 46

Mucor and Rhizopus species of fungi are typically found in this form

Back 46

Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (>90 degrees).

Front 47

Mucor and Rhizopus mucormycosis is found mostly in these patients

Back 47

Ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients

Front 48

Which species of opportunistic fungus proliferates in the walls of blood vessels and cause infarction and necrosis of distal tissues?

Back 48

Mucor and Rhizopus species

Front 49

What species of opportunistic fungus causes rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses?

Back 49

Mucor and Rhizopus species

Front 50

Pneumocystis jiroveci causes what condition typically?

Back 50

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia

Front 51

What do you use to identify Pneumocystis jiroveci?

Back 51

Methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

Front 52

Treatment for Pneumocystis jiroveci

Back 52

TMP-SMX, Pentamidine, Dapsone

Front 53

What predisposes for Pneumocystis jiroveci disease?

Back 53

Immunosuppression predisposes to disease. Most infectons asymptomatic

Front 54

Is sporothrix schenckii dimorphic or not dimorphic?

Back 54

Dimorphic

Front 55

Where is Sporothrix schenckii typically found? How does somebody contract an infection by it?

Back 55

Vegetation. Traumatically introduced into skin, typically by a thorn "Rose gardener's"disease

Front 56

Infection of this causes local pustule/ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis) and causes little systemic illness.

Back 56

Sporothrix schenckii

Front 57

With what infection can you find cigar shaped budding yeast visible in pus?

Back 57

Sporothrix schenckii

Front 58

What are the treatments for Sporothrix schenckii

Back 58

Itraconazole or potassium iodide