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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paracetamol (Panadol, Panamax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C:Non-opioid analgesic I:Pain, fever MoA: Unknown D: 1-2 qid prn m8 (1g qid) AE: increased aminotransferases P: urticaria, hypersensitivity, liver failure Sx L: pain management. compresses, RICE |
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Tramadol (Tramal, Zydol) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain MoA: mimic endog opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: 50-100mg q6-4h max 400mg/d AE: N,V,C, drowsiness P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) |
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Oxycodone
(Oxycontin CR, Endone IR) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain MoA: Mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: IR- 5-15mg q4-6h, CR-total daily dose bd AE: N/V/C, drowsiness P: Sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) |
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Morphine
(MS Contin, Ordine) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opioid analgesic
I: Mod to severe pain MoA: mimic endogenous opioids, activate opioid receptors which produce analgesia etc D: titrate dose to patients needs AE: N/V/C, drowsiness P: sedation and hard to rouse, difficulty breathing, shallow breathing, anaphylaxis (allergy) L: high doses = prevent constipation, pain lifestyle |
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Amoxycillin
(Amoxil) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Penicillin
I: chronic bronchitis, acute bacterial otitis media, sinusitis, CAP MoA: Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis D: 250-500mg tds or 1g bd; 7.5-25mg/kg tds (up to 80-90mg/kg/day) AE: GI Sx, rash/hypersensitivity P: allergic hypersensitivity reaction L: plenty of water, rest, paracetamol for fever, probiotics (2h after antibiotics) |
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Cephalexin (Keflex, Ialex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Cephalosporin I: UTIs, Staph and strep for pts with mild-mod Pc allergy MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis D: (A) 250-500mg qid or 500-1000mg qid/bd; UTI Px 250mg n ; UTI Tx 500mg bd. (C) 6.5-12.5-25 mg/kg/dose q6h AE: D/N/V, rash headache; blood dyscrasias; anaphylaxis P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front |
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Amoxycillin with Clavulanic Acid
(Augmentin Duo, Moxiclav Duo) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Pc/clavulanic acid
I: HAP, UTI, Otitis media, acute bacterial sinusitis MoA: interfere bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis --> cell lysis. Clav acid inhibits B-lactamase D: with or soon after food until all taken (A) 500-875mg bd for 5-10days (C) >1 month: 10-15 up to 20mg/kg tid, max 500mg; >2 month: 22.5mg/kg bd, max 875mg, >40kg = adult dose AE: D/N/V, rash P: anaphylaxis/severe diarrhoea (CDAD) L: UTI -drink enough water daily, wipe back to front |
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Roxithromycin
(Rulide) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide
I: URTIs, LRTIs, CAP, recurrent tonsillitis, skin infections MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein synthesis D: (A) 150mg bd or 300mg od (C) 2.5-4mg/kg bd. Best taken on empty stomach (if makes u feel sick then with food) AE: GI (N/V/D abd pain cramps), candidal infections; rash h/ache; P: hypersensitivity, CDAD, hepatitis,QT L: counsel for indication |
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Doxycycline
(Doxsig, Doryx) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Tetracycline
I:RTIs, Acne, Malaria Px MoA: bacteriostatic, inhibit protein sythesis D: 200mg stat then 100mg od. Acne = 50mg od; Malaria 1 d for 2d b4, during +2-4 weeks after AE: N/V/D, epigastric burn, tooth discolour, photosensitive; rash, fungal overgrowth P: CDAD, oesophageal ulcer (weak), hepatitis, anaphylaxis L: drink with plenty water and upright for 30-60 mins after. best mane. |
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Atorvastatin
(Lipitor, Trovas) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase D: 1 daily (10, 20, 40, 80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss P: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure hepatitis L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscle pain, liver signs |
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Simvastatin
(Zocor, Lipex, Simvar) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG CoA reductase D: 1 nocte (10.20.40.80); increase dose after 4 weeks if nec AE: myalgia, GI Sx, h/ache, insomnia, dizzy, incr aminotransferases; hair loss P: myopathy, rhabdo, renal failure hepatitis L: avoid grapefruit juice, muscles, Liver signs |
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Irbesartan
(Avapro, Karvea) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Ramipril
(Tritace) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: 2.5mg od (mane) increase after 2-3 weeks to 5 if nec, up to 10mg d in 1-2 doses. AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P:Renal, Angioedema, African, NSAIDS L: avoid K supp, pregnancy avoid, dizziness |
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Perindopril
(Coversyl) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, diabetic nephropathy, post MI, reduce risk of CV events MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: initially 5mg od max 10mg od (2.5mg for risk hypotension or initial for Renal Imp). AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS L: avoid K supp, pregnancy, dizziness |
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Amlodipine
(Norvasc, Amlo) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: CCB
I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmia MoA: blocks CChannels on vascular smooth muscle, decr vasc resistance, decr pressure D: 1 d (mane). 2.5-5mg od increase over 1-2 weeks to max of 10mg AE: periph oedema, palpitations, h/ache,, dizzy, flush P: peripheral oedema, hypotension (v low), difficulty breathing L: angina - use of relief; exercise. HTN - SNAP. Arrhythmias (things that worsen - pseudo, caffeine) |
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Warfarin (Coumadin, Marevan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Vitamin K antagonist I: prevention of PE, VTE, 1' 2' stroke Px MoA: Inhib synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors D: Once daily (INR 2-3) pm AE: bleeding/bruising; skin necrosis, hypersensitivity P: allergic rxn, bleed in stools, bleeding L: diet, same brand, avoid cranberry, tell all doctors/dentists on it, need regular blood tests, tell dr if ill/diarrhoea, vom, infection, fever, blood in excrements |
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Clopidogrel
(Iscover, Plavix) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: anti-platelet (P2Y12). Thienopyridine
I: Px vascular ischaemic event in pt w sxatic arthrosclerosis (stroke, MI), Px thromboembolism after stent MoA: inhibits platelet aggregation D: 1 daily (75mg) AE: Skin reaction, bleeding, diarrhoea, GI ulcer P: Svr skin reactions, Bleeding L: Avoid grapefruit juice |
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Frusemide
(Lasix, Urex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Loop diuretic
I: Oedema assoc w HF, renal imp, hepatic cirrhosis MoA:inhib reabs Na + Cl = inhib reabs of water D: 20-40mg d or bd (max 1g d) AE: hypo-N, -K, -Mg, gout, dizzy, orthostatic HoTN P: jaundice, svr skin rxns, Gout L: Take earlier in the day, Dizziness |
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Metoprolol Tartrate (Betaloc, Minax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B blocker I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI, Px migraine, stable HF w SAABGT MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR, D: HTN = 50-100mg od for 1 week then 50-100mg od/bd, Angina + MI start 25-50 AE: ND, bronchospasm, dysponea, slow heart rate, HoTN, alter glucose + lipid metabolism; rash, psoriasis; P: hypersensitive, if intolerant to A/E |
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Isosorbide Mononitrate
(Imdur, Monodur) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: NitrateI:Px, Tx of angina, CHF, acute HF assoc w MI and unstable angina
MoA: exogenous source of nitric oxide (mediates vasodilation), reduces venous return and preload to heart -> reduce myocardial O2 rqrmnt D: initially 30-60mg od up to 120mg od AE: h/ache, flush, palpitations, ortho HoTN, faint, periph oedema P: still getting frequent angina attacks, HoTN L: take at time of day when angina most frequent. nitrate free period |
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Enalapril
(Renitec) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: ACE-I
I: HTN, HF, asymptomatic LV dysFn MoA: block Ang1->Ang2 reducing effect of Ang2 induced vasoconstriction, Na retention + aldosterone rls D: 5mg d increased over 1-2 weeks up to 10-40mg d as 1 or 2 doses. (HF start at 2.5 up to 20mg) AE: cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, h/ache, dizzy, fatigue, N, renal imp; rash P: Renal, Angioedema, Afircan, NSAIDS L: SNAP, avoid K supp, pregnancy |
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Lercanidipine
(Zanidip, Lercan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: CCB
I: mainly HTN, angina MoA: CCB, rlx vasc smth muscle -> decr peripheral resistance D: initially 10mg od increase after at least 2 weeks to max 20mg od AE: periph oedema, rash h/ache, dizzy flush P: severe HoTN - extreme fatigue/dizzy low BP L: 15min before food |
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Telmisartan
(Micardis) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist I: HTN, HF, Px cardiovascular risk in pts with CAD, PAD, high risk diabetes, previous stroke or TIA MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl D: 1 daily (40mg up to 80) AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Buprenorphine (Norspan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I:Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opioids D:(patch) start at 5mcg/hr (SL) 200-400mcg q6-8h AE: N/V/C, site reactions P: Sedation, difficulty breathing, allergy L: Rotate patch, avoid direct heat, do not cut |
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Fentanyl (Durogesic (P), Actiq(Loz)) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I:Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opiods D: (B-pain) 200mcg loz repeat once after 30 mins AE: N/V/C, site reactions, bradycardia P: Serotonin tox, Arrhythmias, Diabetes (loz) L: Rotate patch, Laxatives, 3 days per patch, avoid direct heat, 15 min per loz |
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Tapentadol (Palexia) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Opiod I: Mod>Sev pain MoA: mimic endogenous opiods D: 50mg bd, titrating with response AE: (Opiod) N/V/C, resp depression P: Renal (<30), Hepatic, MAOI L: Swallow whole, background paracetamol |
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Paracetamol +Codeine (Panadeine [forte]) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Combination I: Mild>mod pain MoA: depends on ingredient D: 1g qid M8 AE: N/V/C, Liver toxicity P: Hepatic impairment L: Be careful of products containing paracetamol |
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Azithromycin (Zithromax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide I: CAP, Chlamydial infections MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis D: 500mg OD for 3 days AE: Hypersensitivity syndrome, GI P: QT, Diabetes (liq), Allergies L: Resistance of S.pneumniae after one dose |
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Ciprofloxacin (Ciproxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Quinolone I: Complicated UTIs, Bone/Joint infections, Prostatitis MoA: Bactericidal; inhibits DNA synthesis D: 250-500mg bd (max 1.5g daily) IV; 200-300mg bd up to 300-400mg Q8-12h (max 1.2g daily) AE: N/V/D, abdo pain, rash, tendonitis, phototoxic, QT, transient hearing impairment L: IV over 60mins, lots of fluids, Tendons |
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Erythromycin (EES) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Macrolide I:Upper + lower resp inf, Chlamydial, Pertussis MoA: Bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis D: 1-2 g daily in 2-4 doses (max 4g), IV; 15-20mg/kg in 4 doses (max 4g) AE: N/V/D, fungal, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis P: QT!, Renal (<10), Severe hepatic L: IV over 60min, many interactions, Best on empty stomach (ERYC) but can take with food |
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Fluconazole (Diflucan) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Azole I: Mucocutaneous/Vaginal candidiasis, Tinea D: Vag; 150mg single dose, Dermal cand; 50mg OD for 2-4 weeks AE: Anorexia, fatigue, SJS P: QT!, Renal, Allergies L: Tell your doctor if you feel tired or nauseous, or dark urin, pale faeces or yellowing skin. |
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Gentamicin (*no brand*) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Aminoglycoside I: Serious gram -ve, Enterococcal infections MoA: Inhibit protein synthesis D: TDM! CrCl>60 5-7mg/kg OD, CrCl 30-60 4-5mg/kg AE: Nephrotoxic, Otoxtoxic, Neuromuscular blockade P: Ototoxicity, Renal, Allergies L: Gent with Benpen for serious enterococcal infections (Endocarditis) |
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Valaciclovir (Valtrex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Guanine analogue I: Herpes simplex, Genital herpes, Shingles, CMV MoA: Inhibit viral DNA polymerase and synthesis D: Genital; inital 500mg bd for 5-10 days, AE: Neurological, agitation, vertigo, renal P: Renal (Neurological), Allergy L: Drink plenty of fluids, prodrug, carry a course with you to start as soon as you can |
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Atenolol (Noten, Tenormin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B blocker I: HTN, Angina, Tachyarrhythmias, MI MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR D: 20-50mg OD incres to 100mg in 1-2 doses AE: HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered. P: Renal, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory, Hepatic, Interactions, Masking effects L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9 |
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Rosuvastatin (Crestor) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor I: hyperchol, mixed hyperlipidaemia, high risk for CAD, HTN pts with risks for heart disease MoA: inhibit HMG-CoA reductase D: 5-10mg OD increase as req AE: Proteinuria, GI, myalgia, h/ache, rhabdo, myopathy, liver/renal failure, hepatitis P: Renal, Hepatic, Asian L: Liver Signs, muscle pains |
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Carvedilol (Dilatrend) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: B-blocker I: HTN, HF, Angina, MI MoA: block B receptors in heart, periphery, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brian + liver. reduce CO, reduction in LV work + O2 use -> decr HR AE:HoTN, N/D, transient worsening of HF, Cold extremeties, fatigue, blurred vision, glucose and lipid metabolism altered. P: Hepatic, Diabetes, Vascular, Respiratory L: Dizziness, HoTN, L9 |
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Irbesartan with Hydrochlorothiazide
(Avapro HCT, Karvezide) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist with Thiazide diuretic
I: HTN, HF MoA: blocks Ang II binding to AT receptors --> vasoconstriction, Na reabs, aldosterone rls, HCT inhibits reabsorption of Na and Cl D: 1 d; usu 150mg increase to 300mg plus relecvant HCT AE: dizzy, h/ache/ hyperkalaemia; 1st dose hypo, rash D, dyspepsia P: hepatitis sx, African L: avoid K supp, dizzy; Salt, exercise, diet |
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Prazosin (Minipress) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Selective alpha-blocker I: HTN MoA: Selectively blocks alpha receptors D: 0.5mg bd, inc to 1 2-3 times d AE: P: HF, diuretics, B-blockers, CCB, cataracts, renal L: Dizziness, Hypo-tension risk |
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Enoxaparin Sodium (Clexane) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Heparin (LMWH) I: VTE Tx/Px, STEMI and non-STEMI, VT MoA: Inactivate factor IIa and Xa D: VTE Px; 20mg d (med risk) or 40mg d (high risk), VTE Tx; 1mg/kg bd or 1.5mg/kg od AE: Bleeding, bruising, thrombocytopenia, inj pain, hyperkalaemia L: Monitor bleeding, sharps |
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Digoxin (Sigmaxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Cardiac glycoside I: AF, HF MoA: Slow HR and reduce AV node conduction. Increases contraction force by inc Calcium D: Loading 250-500mcg q4-6h (up to 1.5mg), Maintenance 125-250mcg od AE: May worsen arrhythmia, NTI, N/V/D, blurred vision, anorexia, dizziness, rash |
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Ezetimibe (Ezetrol) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Specific I: HCholesterolaemia MoA: Reduces cholesterol absorption across intestinal wall. D: 10mg od AE: Headache, D, inc LFTs P: Fenofibrate, Hepatic |
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Betamethasone (Betnovate, Diprosone) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: 1-2 times d AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, |
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Mometasone (Elocon, Zatamil) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: OD AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize, |
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Triamcinolone (Aristocort) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Corticosteroid I: Inflammatory skin conditions MoA: Anti-inflam and immunosuppressive D: 1-2 times d AE: Folliculitis, atrophy, delay healing, P: Diabetes, Ulceration, Infections L: Finger tip unit, Moisturize, |
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Alendronate (Fosamax) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis |
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Risedronate (Actonel) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate
I: Paget's disease, Osteoporosis (steroid) MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts D: Paget's; 30mg od, Osteo; 5mg od or 35mg once weekly or 150mg once monthly AE: N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW necrosis P:Inability to remain upright, Oesophageal disorders, Upper Gi, Renal, Hypocalcaemia L: Morning with full glass of water, upright for 30min, L4, Swallowing difficulty see doc |
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Zoledronic Acid (Aclasta) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Bisphosphonate
I: Hypercalcaemia, Osteoporosis, BMD, Paget's MoA: Inhibits osteoclasts D: Malignancy; IV 4mg, Paget's; IV 5mg (single) AE: AF, N/V/D, headache, muscle pain, oeophagitis, gastritis, rash, JAW Necrosis P: Renal, hypocalcaemia, Jaw Necrosis L: Drink plenty of water, Dental procedures |
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Thyroxine (Oroxine, Eutroxsig, Eltroxin) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Thyroid hormone (T4) L:Empty stomach, watch for hypers |
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Metformin (Diabex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Biguanide I: T2DM D: T2DM; 500mg 1-3 times daily up to 3g or CR 500mg od up to 2g AE: B12, N/V/D P: Renal!, hepatic L: With food, renal function, GI, diet, BGL |
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Gliclazide (Diamicron, Glyade) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Sulfonylureas D: 40-320mg d in 1-2 doses or SR 30mg od AE: hypoglycaemia, weight gain, N/D, rash P: Ketoacidosis, T1DM, Acute illness. L: Take with food, avoid alcohol 30mg CR= 80mg |
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Glimepiride (Amaryl) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Sulfonylureas I: T2DM MoA: Increase pancreatic insulin secretion D: 1mg od, inc up to 4mg od AE: Hypoglycaemia, weight gain |
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Goserelin (Zoladex) C, I, MoA, D, AE, P, L |
C: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist I: Endometriosis, Endometrial thinning, Uterine fibroids, Prostate/Breast cancer MoA: GnRH stimulates FSH and LH, continuous use inhibts gonadotrophin production D: 3.6mg implant every 4 weeks AE: Transiet BP changes, hot flushes, sweating, reduced libido, dizziness, breast changes, mood changes, N/V/C, decreased BMD P: Unexplained vag bleeding, low BMD, Polycystic ovaries L: SC Anterior abdo wall |
