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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Combustion and fire is the same thing?
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Yes.
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How does combustion occur?
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When oxygen combines with a combustible material so rapidly it generates heat.
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Name the four different parts of energy.
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Mechanical, Nuclear, Electrical and Chemical.
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What energy is the one that is latent in the body?
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Potential energy.
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What energy is kinetic energy?
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Energy caused by motion.
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Heat always move form_______to_______.
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Warmer to Colder.
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Describe "Exothermic"
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Heat that is emitted.
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Describe "Exothermic"
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Heat that is absorbed.
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The three components of the fire triangle?
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Fuel(Vapor), Oxygen and Ignition temperature.
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What two general forms does fire have?
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Flaming and non-flaming.
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Describe Convection.
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Movement of hot gases.
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T o F; The gases looses heat the further away from the heat source they travel.
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True.
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Describe Conduction.
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Heat transferred through a solid non-combustable material.
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Radiant heat is invisible?
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True.
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Is radiant heat electromagnetic energy?
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Yes.
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When does radiant heat become thermal energy?
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When it strikes a body.
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Does water absorb electromagnetic energy?
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No, only thermal energy.
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As long as sufficient energy is available fire double(In energy output, not size) every.....
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Every half minute.
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Some interior fires goes through three stages.....
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Incipient, Flaming and Smoldering.
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What stage of the fire is oxygen starved?
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Smoldering fires.
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The amount of combustible material is only interesting to determent what?
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How long the fire will burn if unchecked.
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What determines the size of the fire?
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The amount of surface is the fuel source.
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What will burn more rapidly, vertically or horizontally stacked materials?
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Vertically stacked materials.
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Assuming an adequate air supply, what determent's the time to flash-over?
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Ratio of room volume to combustible surface.
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Is Carbon Monoxide(CO) combustible?
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Yes, when mixed with oxygen at 1100 degree F.
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Indicators of possible back draft.....
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Discolored or cracked windows, smoke seeping out around closed doors and windows, little or no flames visible.
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Two basic options on the method of applying water to the fire?
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Gallons per minute and for or straight stream.
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Straight stream nozzles was the only nozzle used from what year to what year?
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1900-1939
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One gallon of water is needed to absorb the heat generated by _______of burning wood?
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1 lbs.
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One advantage of solid stream nozzles compared with fog nozzles are that they can be operated at much lower nozzle pressure?
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Yes.
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Higher nozzle pressure require_________pump pressure.
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Highter.
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Its common for the ceiling temperature to be how many degrees higher that the temperature at the floor level?
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1000 F.
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Bouncing the straight stream off the ceiling in the fire room is a benefit because?
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It does not suddenly interrupt the thermolayer in the room.
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Avoid water as an extinguishing agent on fires involving liquids with names ending with?
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First name ends in "um" and second name ends in "ide"
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What is protein foam made of?
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Animal products mixed with metallic salts and other additives.
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Is protein foam slow or fast spreading?
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Slow spreading.
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Protein foam produce a dense, viscous and stable blanket, True or False?
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True.
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Can protein foam be used on polar solvents?
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No.
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Flouroprotein foam contains what?
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Protein plus an a fluorinated surfactant to supply a oil-rejecting property.
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Can Flouroprotein shed hydrocarbon liquids?
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Yes.
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Is A.F.F.F. of high or low viscosity?
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Low viscosity.
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Is A.F.F.F. slow or fast spreading foam?
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Fast-spreading foam.
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What does the aqueous-film that A.F.F.F. produces achieve?
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Cool the fluid liquid and stop formation of flammable vapors.
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A.F.F.F. is compatible with a dry chemical?
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Yes.
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A.F.F.F. is most useful for what type of fires?
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Aircraft fires.
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Most fires involving liquids fall into three categories......
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Shallow spills, Deeper spills and deep-seated fires.
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Describe a shallow spill.
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From an aircraft or overturned tanker truck.
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Describe a deeper spill.
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In a dike, where there are some dept but noot deep.
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Describe a deep-seated spill.
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Storage tank.
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What two concentration of foam are there?
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3% and 6%.
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How far can high expansion foam travel?
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75 feet.
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How high can high expansion foam build?
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30 feet.
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What was the original dry chemical made from?
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Sodium bicarbonate.
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What is Purple K made from?
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Potassium bicarbonate.
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What chemical is widely called "Multy purpose" or "A,B,C"?
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Monoamonium phosphate.
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Why is Halon 1301 so effective and well used?
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Less toxic and since it works in it gaseous form the clean up is minimal.
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How many gpm's can one firefighter provide?
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50 gpm.
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How many gpm's does an average pumper provide?
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500 gpm.
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Test has shown that a firetruck responding to an alarm can maintain an average speed of_____mph?
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30 mph.
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Explain "Vertical" command system.
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Command duties are assign geographically, i.e. front, rear, sides etc.
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Explain "Horizontal" command concept.
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Officer are assigned by tactical effort rater than location.
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Strike team is the same as Task force.
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True.
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The sides of a building are numbered/Alphabet in what fashion?
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Clockwise direction facing the front.
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What five factors will influence the choise of actions?
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1. Life hazard
2. Location of the fire. 3. Extension probability. 4. Type of fire. 5. Size of the fire. |
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Does glass allow passage of most of the radiant heat?
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Yes.
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In what direction does radiant heat travel from the flame?
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Equal in all directions.
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Most fires that extend does so via convection?
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True.
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How does convection currents travel how?
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Upward until meeting obstruction, then sideways until it can travel upward again.
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Does metal conduct fire?
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Yes.
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Does brick, concrete and stone conduct fire?
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No.
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Life hazards can be divided into three areas......
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Occupants, Firefighters and others.
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In what order in a building does the people in need of help?
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Fire floor, Immediately above the fire, topmost floor and other floors above the fire.
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The tree greatest hazards to firefighters.
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Smoke, structural failure and explosion.
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Does wind affect fire inside a biulding?
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Yes, fire tends to travel in the direction of the wind even inside a building.
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One ladder company for every____engine company?
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Two.
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Light gray smoke indicates the burning of?
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Paper or cloth
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Dark gray smoke indicates the burning of?
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Wood or room and contents.
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Brown smoke indicates fire from?
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Wood.
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Smoke form fire in a complete building with contents is what color?
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Dark grey.
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After a room or an area has been searched what must be done?
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Indicate that it was searched.
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What two gases does fire always give off?
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Carbon Dioxide(CO2) and Carbon Monoxide(CO).
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What are the characteristics of Carbon Dioxide?
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Odorless, colorless, tasteless and it does not support combustion.
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How do you expel Carbon Dioxide?
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Ventilate.
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Is Carbon Dioxide always heavier than air?
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No , when it heats up it becomes lighter than air.
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What is Carbon Monoxides properties?
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Colorless, odorless, tasteless but flammable and toxic.
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Is Carbon Monoxide lighter or heavier than air?
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It has the same vapor density as air but becomes lighter when heated.
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What happens to smoke when water cools it?
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It looses buoyancy, sinks and becomes lighter in color.
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Why do we ventilate?
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* Save life of endangered occupants,
* To see the fire, * To prevent back draft and smoke explosions, * To control the spread of the fire. |
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When do we ventilate?, Any exception?
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When we have a charged hose line at the fire.
Yes, in highrise to prevent mushrooming. |
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How do you quickly break glass above the ground floor?
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With the tips of a ladder.
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Hpw big should the discharge area be when ventilating?
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3/4 to 1 1/2 times of the intake area.
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When should salvage begin?
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Upon the arrival of the Fire Department.
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How do you overhaul bedding and clothes?
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Put them in a tub and fill with water.
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If water has accumulated on m ore than one floor in a apartment building, where do you remove first? and why?
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Lowest floor first to prevent adding to the load.
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How many subordinates should a fire office have to supervise?
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Five or less.
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At most firs , how many hose lines are necessary to control a fire?
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One.
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Ina a multy story occupancy what floors are the most vulnerable for fire spread?
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The floor above the fire floor and the top floor.
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Approximately how many percent of Firefighter deaths are heart attacks?
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50%.
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True or False, heart attacks kills almost as many firefighters as all other causes combined?
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True.
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In what type of buildings and at what time does the most Fire Fighter death occur?
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Multiple alarm fires in Commercial occupancies at night.
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What is the safest place to stand on a roof?
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On the trimmer beams.
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Define "Trimmer beams".
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A trimmer is a timber or metal beam (joist) used to create an opening around a stairwell, skylight, chimney, and the like.
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Why should a ladder be placed with the tips extended five feet or more above the roof line?
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Easy visible access if escape of the roof is necessary.
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How should you stand when working on a pitched roof?
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Straddle the ridge.
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Best was to carry an unconscious victim down a ladder?
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"Cross chest through the legs" carry.
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What is the most frequent safety hazards at a fire?
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Smoke.
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Most dangerous fire gas?
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Carbon Monoxide(CO).
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How many percent of Carbon Monoxide can a Firefighter endure?
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2% for 2 minutes.
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What is the difference between a "Proximity suit" and a "Entry suit"?
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A Proximity suit is only for close distance to a fire and a Entry suit is more heavily insulated to offer more protection.
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What is the most common means of fire travel?
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Vertical arteries such as open stairways, light and air shafts and utility shafts.
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Is elevator shafts a common mean of fire travel?
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No, but it can carry a lot of smoke.
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Sometimes when heat travels up between walls the paint......
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Blister or discolor.
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After heat travel upward and encounter an obstacle where will it then travel?
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Laterally.
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What is one of the worst horizontal means of fire spread?
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Cockloft.
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How man feet does NFPA suggest the parapet wall to be?
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Three feet to protect the roof.
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What type of brick building bond does buildings built in the early 1900 have?
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Lime mortar.
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What type of brick bond does more modern buildings use?
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Portland cement.
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How can the window lintels show what type of brick bonding was used?
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Bricks in an arch or one piece solid stone = Lime mortar.
No visible lintel = Portland cement. |
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Buildings built with lime stone bonding is not fire resistant?
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True.
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Does alterations to a building weaken or strengthen the building?
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Almost always weaken.
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What is one of the greatest hazards to firefighters?
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Building collapse.
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Is building collaps only a safety hazard?
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No it is also a fire extension hazard.
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How high within its height will a brick wall fall?
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One third.
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What type of roof is mostly prone to collapse?
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Truss.
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How many percent of its strength will be lost when steel is heated to 1.400F
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90 %.
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Cast iron has a great compression strength but a poor tensile strength?
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True.
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Is heavy timber construction more fire resistive than unprotected steel?
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Yes.
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If there is considerable fire on more than one floor, what should you be thinking?
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To back out of the building.
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