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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Ventilation:
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Systimatic removal of heated air, smoke and fire gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler air
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The (4) types of Fire Service ventilation:
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Natural
Mechanical Horizontal Vertical |
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(6) reasons for Fire Ground Ventilation
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Life Saftey
Fire attack and extinguishment Fire Spread Reduction of Flashover potential Reduction of Backdraft potential Property conservation |
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Ventilation must be closley cordinated with what other operation?
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Fire Attack
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What type of heat transfer causes heat, smoke, and fire gases to travel upward to the highest point in a compartment until they are stopped by roof or ceiling?
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Convection
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What is mushrooming?
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Combustion gases flowing under the ceiling
aka ceiling jets |
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Ventilation should happen only after what?
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Hoseline crews are ready to move in and attack the fire.
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Flashover is a transition between what two stage of fire?
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growth and fully developed
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What is the safest way to vent a building with backdraft potential?
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Vertical Ventilation
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(6) signs of potential backdraft
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1. Confinment and excessive heat
2. Smoke-stained windows 3. Smoke puffing at intervals from the building 4. pressurized smoke coming from small cracks 5. Little visible flame from exterior of building 6. Black smoke becoming dense grey-yellow color |
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When weighing the need for Ventilation, fire officers and crews must consider requirments of what?
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the IAP
(Incident Action Plan) |
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What are the decisions of fire officers involving ventilations? (5)
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1. Is there a need for ventilation at this time?
2. Where is Ventilation needed? 3. What type of ventilation should be used? 4. Do fire structor conditions allow for safe roof operations? 5. Are the vent group personnel suffieciently trained? |
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In addition to the hazards that endanger occupants, what are potential hazards that indanger firefighters and rescuers when speaking of ventilation?
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A buildings age
Type of Structor involved Whether natural openings are adaquate The need to cut through roofs, walls, and floors |
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What are the hazards from accumulation of smoke and gases in a building? (6)
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1. Visual impairment
2. Presence of toxic gasses 3. Lack of oxygen 4. Presence of flammable gasses 5. Possiblity of backdraft 6. Possibility of flashover |
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When pyrolized, what does polyurethane foam produce?
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Significant quanities of carbon and toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide
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What is Smoke?
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Fuel that has not ignited
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What is Stack Effect?
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The natural movement of heat and smoke throughout a building
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What is PPV?
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Positive pressure ventilation?
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Windowless buildings usually require what type of Ventilation?
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Mechanical
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What two locations should charged hoseline be located before ventilation takes place?
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At the position of entry to attack fire and at critical points of exposure to prevent the fire from spreading.
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(6) of the most common styles of roof?
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1. Mansard
2. Grambel 3. Hip 4. Gable 5. Lantern 6. Shed |
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Which type of roofs, as in material used to make them, are more suseptible to early roof collapse?
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Roofs that are made up of lightweight materials.
i.e. wooden I-beams or lightweight trusses |
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What are four warning signs of an unsafe roof?
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Melting asphalt
"Spongy" Roof (solid roof that springs back when walked on) Smoke coming from roof Fire coming from roof |
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What is the first step in roof ventilation?
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Cutting through or removing the roof covering
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What are (5) examples of existing roof openings?
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Scuttle hatches
Skylights Monitors Ventilating Shafts Penthouse/Bulkhead doors |
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On a pitched roof what three tools can be used to secure proper footing?
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Axe (pick)
Rubbish tool Halligan |
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What is the most typically cut ventilation opening?
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Large square or rectangle
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What are three additional types of ventilation cuts?
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Kerf cuts
Inspection cuts Louver cuts |
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What is OSB?
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Oriented Strand Board
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What is the most influencial condition with horizontal ventilation?
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Wind
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Most portable fans used for forced ventilation are powered by what?
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Electric motors or gasoline dirven engines
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The location where the PPV is set up is called what?
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entry point
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