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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Expansion rate of steam.
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1700 to 1
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How many types of ventilation are there?
What are they? |
4 types
Vertical Horizontal Forced & Hydraulic Ventilation |
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Define Vertical ventilation
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normally involves opening the roof to allow smoke and heat to escape. Most effective at the highest point involve.
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Define Horizontal ventilation
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is venting of heat, smoke, and gases through wall openings such as windows and doors.
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Define Forced ventilation
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is venting with fans to force new air in and smoke and heat out and through building.
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Define Hydraulic ventilation
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is ventilation by crew inside the building using a fog pattern about 2 feet away from window. Pattern should fill 85% to 95% of window. Air drawn into the fog pattern pulls smoke out along with water.
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Advantages of Vertical
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a. Allows for natural convection
b. Improves interior visibility and lessens contaminated atmosphere c. Lessens chance of back draft drastically |
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Disadvantages of Vertical
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a. Possibility of weakened roofs
b. Time consuming c. Some roofs may be difficult to ventilate d. If not properly done, fire can be drawn to uninvolved areas |
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Advantages of Horizontal
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a. Easier to accomplish than vertical vent
b. May be more effective c. May be used with other methods |
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Disadvantages of Horizontal
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a. Cannot be used if backdraft potential is suspected
b. Can draw fire into uninvolved areas c. Consider interior and exterior exposures d. Opening extra doors and windows can disrupt ventilation |
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Advantages of Forced
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a. Insures more positive control
b. Supplements natural ventilation c. Speeds smoke removal & reduces smoke danger |
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Disadvantages of Forced
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a. Improperly used it can spread fire and smoke to uninvolved areas
b. Dependent on power supply c. May require special equipment |
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Advantages of Hydraulic
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a. Move effective than fans of mechanical ventilation.
b. Only a hoseline is needed c. Water fog also protects personnel |
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Disadvantages of Hydraulic
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a. Water damage may be increased
b. Drain of water supply c. Freezing d. Firefighters must be in atmosphere to ventilate it |
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Minimum size for vent hole of
residential and commercial |
The minimum
-for residential is 4X4 -for commercial is 8X8 |
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Should fire streams be used in vent holes under normal conditions?
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NO
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Horizontal ventilation plan of action with wind.
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Open top windows of leeward side(side wind is blowing away from) and open lower windows on windward side(side wind is blowing at). Open leeward side first.
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Defive Ventilation
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the planned and systematic release and removal of heated air, smoke, and gases from a structure, follow by the replacement of these products of combustion with a supply of cooler air
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The indicators of a backdraft are:
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a. Smoke stained windows
b. Smoke puffing @ intervals c. Smoke coming through cracks d. Little flame visible e. Gray-yellow smoke f. Windows rattling g. Walls hot to the touch |
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Pattern on hydraulic ventilation should cover __% to __% of window.
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85% to 90%
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Describe how different factors can be used to check a roofs' integrity.
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Know if it is truss construction. Don't trust the truss.
· Use your sight to look for signs of obvious sagging or other heat damage. · "Sound" the roof to determine integrity. |
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How many means of escape routes from roof should be provided for fire fighters?
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Provide two means of escape, being well apart from each other but close to work area.
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