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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 principles of deodorization? |
1) Remove the source, as possible 2) Clean contamination from surfaces 3) Recreate the conditions of penatration with appropriate counteractants 4) Seal (encapsulate) if required |
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What is the main device used to detect the presence and intensity of odors? |
The Human Nose |
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What are 2 types of odors? |
1) real 2) heightened awareness (psychological) |
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What is a real odor? |
created by gases or particles from the odor source |
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What is psychological odor? |
Odor people think they smell based on suggestions, thoughts, impressions and past experiences |
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What amplifies odors? |
temperature and humidity |
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What is the particle size of smoke? |
.01-4 microns |
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Why is odor capable of penetrating surfaces? |
Because of its small size |
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What is the particle size of nicotine? |
.01-1 micron |
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What is usually the best process to remove odors? |
Combination methods |
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What are 3 restoration alternatives? |
1) Clean 2) Resurface 3) Replace |
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What is the least expesive restoration alternative? |
Cleaning |
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How do you clean items? |
Remove soot (soil) that is foreign to the construction of the surface or material |
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What is refinishing? |
Providing a new surface to replace the old one that was damaged |
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What are examples of refinishing? |
1) painting 2) reupholstering 3) refinishing |
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What is the most expensive restoration alternative? |
Replacing |
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How do you replace items? |
provide a new item or item of comparable value (may be subject to depreciation) |
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What is the real value of an item? |
value if purchased or replaced, present market value |
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What is the appreciated value of an item? |
antique or artistic value (requires specific insurance coverage) |
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What is the sentimental value of an item? |
personal value that cannot be replaced by the restorer, value from feeling rather than reason |
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What are the 3 responsibilities of a restorer? |
1) Preserve the fabric or surface being restored 2) Clean within the limits of the situation presented (not to perfection) 3) Provide reasonable work for realistic prices |
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What is soot? |
the product of incomplete combustion |
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What are the components of soot? |
1) carbon particles 2) oxides of nitrogen (burning organic compounds) 3) when combined with moisture produce nitric acid
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What 4 things determine the degree of residue? |
1) materials burned 2) time of combustion 3) temperature 4) temperature differential |
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What should you do when wood, plastics, etc have burned? |
Use respirator and ventilation to avoid breathing particles |
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How does time affect the degree of residue? |
More time, more soot generated |
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How does temperature affect the degree of residue? |
increases combustion, expands surface pores |
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How does temperature differential affect the degree of residue? |
smoke is attracted to cool surfaces |
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What are 3 increased damages to surfaces? |
1) lacquer-like film 2) yellowing 3) whitening |
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What causes lacquer like film? |
when hot oily residue dries rapidly |
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What causes yellowing? |
When acids attack finish or surfaces particularly painted or plastic surfaces |
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What causes whitening? |
When moisture combines with finishes turning them white |
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What is a general purpose detergent? |
Mild alkaline cleaner, usually less than 10 pH used to clean moderate soot levels |
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What do you use a general purpose detergent to clean? |
general cleaning of furnishings, walls and other structural surfaces |
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What is a heavy duty detergent? |
a degreaser with a higher pH, usually 10-12 pH used for baked-on soot |
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What do you use a heavy duty detergent to clean? |
durable contents and surfaces, presoak for dishes, salvage cleaning |
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What do you use a dry cleaning sponge to clean? |
lampshades, latex paint, delicate surfaces, walls, ceilings |
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What do you use glass cleaner to clean? |
windows, light fixtures, and chrome appliances |
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What do you use wood polishes for? |
to rejuvenate finished wood |
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What do you use metal cleaner/polish to clean? |
tarnished metal surfaces such as brass, silver, chrome, etc. |
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What is dishwashing detergent used for? |
It is a mild, free rinsing detergent for dishes and immersible items |
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What are powdered Abrasive Cleansers used for? |
bathrooms and some salvage cleaning situations (dishes and glassware) |
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What are Acid "Cleaners" used for? |
As a last resort to clean stone, mortar and grout and aluminum surfaces |
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What safety precautions should be taken when using acid "cleaners"? |
use skin protection and fresh air ventilation |
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What are wood cream restorers used for? |
to clean, deodorize and polish finished wood furniture |
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What are carpet and upholstery cleaners used for? |
preconditioning and rinse agents for synthetic and natural fibers |
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What are Dry Solvent Cleaning Compounds? |
Preconditioners, rinse agents, detergents, and deodorants for drapery cleaning or lightly soiled upholstery fabrics |
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What do Dry Solvent Cleaning Compounds eliminate? |
Distortion, dye migration, browning and shrinkage |
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What are pressure washing compounds? |
General pressure cleaner and tar, asphalt and graffiti remover |
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What are absorbant compound cleaners use to clean? |
books, wallpaper, and artwork |
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What do ceiling cleaners do? |
eliminates yellowing that remains after soot removal |
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What does chlorine bleach do? |
removes color from nylon, dissolves protein fibers, corrodes metals |
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What should you always wear when spraying or fogging any chemical into the air? |
a proper respirator |
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What are 2 major safety items? |
1) fire extinguisher 2) first aid kit |
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What PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) do you need for Fire/Smoke restoration? |
1) chemical resistant gloves 2) splash goggles 3) respirator 4) protective clothing 5) hard hat 6) HEPA air scrubbers (catch 99% of particles down to 0.3 microns) |
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What printed safety materials do you need for Fire/Smoke restoration? |
1) MSDS on each chemical used 2) hazardous spill reporting number 3) ozone deodorization warning signs |
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What is HAZMAT? |
Hazordous Materials |
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What should you do before removing any materials? |
consider the presence of HAZMAT |
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What are 3 hazardous materials to check for? |
1) Asbestos 2) Lead Paint 3) PCBs |
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Where is asbestos common? |
In construction materials before 1977. |
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How should you test for asbestos? |
In a qualified lab |
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What should you do if you encounter a asbestos containing material? |
Stop work. It's a liability. |
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Where is lead paint common? |
In paint before 1986. |
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How should you deal with lead paint? |
Use Personal Protective Equipment and HEPA air scrubbers when sanding or scraping |
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Where are PCBs found? |
In older flourescent light fixtures |
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What are 8 types of wall surfaces? |
1) Painted 2) Paneled 3) Covered 4) Acousical 5) Plastic 6) Glass 7) Brick or Stone 8) Masonry |
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Painted walls can be? |
latex or oil based |
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How do you clean painted walls? |
use a dry sponge, then lightly wet clean with circular, overlapping techniques
with oil paint you can more aggresively wet clean |
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Paneled walls can be? |
unfinished, finished and photo-finished |
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How do you clean paneled walls? |
use a dry sponge, wet clean, polish (work with the wood grain) |
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What are some concerns with cleaning paneling? |
unfinished paneling-will probably stain mobile homes-printed pattern surface may remove with cleaning
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Covered walls can be covered in? |
paper, vinyl, cloth, flocked |
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How do you clean paper covered walls? |
Dry clean only (vacuum, dry sponge) |
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How do you clean other covered walls that aren't covered in paper? |
vacuum or wet clean as possible (don't use solvents on flocked velvet and don't use water based cleaning agents on grass cloth) |
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What are acoustical surfaces? |
blown, popcorn, or acoustical tiles |
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How do you clean acoustical surfaces? |
dry clean only (they are pourous and dissolve in water based cleaners), use ceiling cleaning compounds as a last resort |
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What is something to consider with blown/popcorn acoustical surfaces? |
How old are they, could have asbestos |
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What are some plastic wall coverings? |
Fake tile, backsplashes |
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What should you watch out for using to clean plastic wall coverings? |
No abrasive cleaners, yellows easily |
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How should you clean glass? |
Glass cleaner, lint free towels |
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How should you clean brick or stone? |
dry clean, wet clean with alkaline cleaner, acid clean (called etch), and sand blast as a last resort |
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How do you clean masonry? |
use light pressure washing (mechanical wall cleaning) |
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How do you clean door, frames and hardware? |
should have durable enamel paint or varnish, wet clean |
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How do you clean windows, frames and hardware? |
wet clean, Clean the frames first then glass |
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How do you clean vent outlet covers? |
disassemble, clean and reassemble |
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How do you clean light fixtures? |
Disconnect power, dissassemble, clean and reassemble |
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How do you clean bath fixtures and hardware? |
if porcelain easily cleanable if fiberglass it will stain and scratch-use non abrasive cleaner also neutralize soot befor it yellows |
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How do you clean kitchen and other cabinets? |
outside of cabinets-check the finish to know how to clean, rejuvenate with oil based polish/deodorant if oil based finish inside of cabinets-usually unfinished, use dry sponge, damp wipe, sand lightly (can also seal with stain sealer) |
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What are some concerns with cabinets? |
pre-existing finish damage, blistering |
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What do you need to know about bath vanities to clean them appropriately? |
outside is finished, inside is unfinished or particle board |
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What parts of built in appliances must be cleaned? |
outside (exterior), underneath (subsurfaces), sides and mounting cavity |
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What complicates cleaning large flat surfaces like walls, ceilings, etc? |
Decorative trim |
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How do you clean bookcases? |
unload and clean contents, clean and polish shelving, reload contents |
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What parts of closets need to be cleaned? |
shelving, hanging rods, mounting brackets, etc |
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How do you clean fireplaces? |
vaccuum or dry sponge, wet clean alkaline, etch with acid, sand blast |
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How do you clean wood flooring with light damage? |
mild water based cleaning |
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How do you clean wood flooring with moderate damage? |
screen and coat |
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How do you clean wood flooring with heavy heat/soot damage? |
sand, stain, finish or partial or full replacement |
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What are concerns with vinyl flooring? |
stains, yellowing, finish loss |
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What should you do to prevent viynl flooring and carpet from yellowing? |
clean twice |
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What should you do with laminate flooring? |
light cleaning or replacement |
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What is the first thing you should do with unfinished areas like attics and crawlspaces? |
evaluate the contents and components like stored items, unfinsihed wood, insulation, sheet metal
check for insulation staining and the potential for microbial growth |
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If unfinished areas have light soot how should you clean them? |
deodorize only |
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If unfinished areas have moderate soot how should you clean them? |
air wash and deodorize |
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If unfinished areas have heavy staining how should you clean them? |
air wash, deodorize and seal |
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How should you clean the house exterior? |
pressure wash, use alkaline cleaners (bleach as required), acid clean (etch surface), sand blast as last resort |
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How should you clean HVAC system? |
Clean or replace filters, branch runs, trunk lines, mechanical components (may need to subcontract this), and diffusers, clean ductwork per NADCA guidelines |
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What are concerns with HVAC systems? |
puffback, malfunction, smoke infiltration |
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When should you clean the HVAC system? |
near the beginning of the job |
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What should you use for safety if there is moderate to heavy soot in the HVAC system? |
respiratory protection |
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What are some examples of soft furnishings? |
upholstery, lamp shades, mattresses, pillows, tapestries |
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How should you clean soft furnishings? |
USE CAUTION when handling any fabric remove dry soil by blowing off, vacuum or dry sponge dry clean to prevent browning, bleeding, texture change and shrinkage wet clean if more aggressive cleaning is required |
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How should you clean window treatments? |
inspect carefully dry or wet clean either on location or in-plant
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What should you do with polyester sheers? |
wash and rehang before dry to prevent wrinkles |
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How should you clean blinds? |
Consider cleaning cost vs. replacement cost Remove dry soil clean by Hand wash or ultrasonic bath |
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What is the first thing to do with damaged wood furniture? |
Inspect carefully its size, components, value, use damage, interior damage, how it was damaged by heat |
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when should you clean wood furniture? |
when it has light damage |
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when should you resurface wood furniture? |
when the finish is destroyed or has permanent discoloration |
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when should you replace wood furniture? |
when it is damaged beyond cost effective cleaning or resurfacing |
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How should you deodorize wood furniture? |
with dry solvent deodorants and ozone |
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How should you transport wood furniture? |
pad and strap well secure doors and drawers don't allow surface to surface contact |
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What shoud you never do with wood furniture during storage? |
stack it |
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What should you do with refrigerators and freezers? |
Restore power to prevent spoilage |
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What should you first do before cleaning appliances? |
inspect carefully-what is the finish? painted or porcelin, see if there is damage from heat, yellowing enamel, warped gaskets, melted plastics, was it running at the time of fire |
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What should you have done with appliances to be sure they are safe? |
get electrical safety check done by a qualified technician |
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What should you not do with electronics until they have been cleaned inside and out? |
You should NOT operate them |
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What should you do to clean or service the inside of electronics? |
Subcontract a qualified technician |
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what is used to clean computers? |
deionized solutions |
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What are concerns with computers? |
if they are immediately needed, sensitive data, data retrieval |
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What should you do with expensive electronics or large quantities of electronics? |
Use specialty services subcontractors |
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What 4 categories should you divide clothing into? |
1) disposables (worn out) 2) immediate needs for each family memeber 3) high value items (furs, leather, formal wear) 4) routine cleaning (clean ASAP) |
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What should you do for unusual clothing items? |
Use specialty services contractors |
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When should you deodorize clothing? |
AFTER cleaning |
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How should you deodorize clothing? |
with ozone, dry solvent deodorant |
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What should you do with clothes hangers? |
dispose of them |
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What are personal items? |
closet, drawer, bath vanity contents and personal papers |
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What should you do with personal items? |
evaluate, clean what you can depending on material, get the insured people to evaluate and dispose of personal items |
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How should you clean toys? |
IF COST EFFECTIVE clean with hand wash or ultrasonic bath, dry quickly and sanitize |
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What are high value items? |
jewelry, firearms, artwork, figurines, collectibles, etc. |
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What is the first thing you should do with high value items? |
inspect them well and document them, if possible get value in writing, get detailed pictures of them |
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What are your options for cleaning high value items? |
1) clean yourself 2) subcontract locally to a museum, art teacher, artist 3) crate and ship to a specialized institution |
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When shipping a high value item what should you always do? |
1) list carefully the insured's description, trade name and serial number 2) protect from damage (corrosion control, exterior cleaning, packing) |
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What should you do first with kitchen items like fine china, crystal, dishware, silver, utensils and pots and pans? |
INSPECT CAREFULLY 2) check for hairline cracks caused by rapid cooling after heating 3) check for other heat damage 4) check for discoloration
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What should you do before cleaning kitchenware? |
pad sink and work surfaces |
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How do you clean kitchenware that is fine china, crystal, painted or metal trimmed? |
presoak, hand clean, final wash and rinse, wrap and pack with clean newsprint |
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What can you do to make cleaning faster with less fragile kitchenware? |
use ultrasonic cleaning bath (may need to pretreat with oil-break) |
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What should you do with food? |
throw away open food boxes and open food with soot residue and heat damaged cans |
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What are your options when dealing with damaged books? |
1)clean 2) rebind 3) replace |
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What is the first step when dealing with books? |
inspect for construction of book, warped pages, and soot staining |
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How do you clean books? |
clean with dry sponging, wet clean covers, abrade page edges (with an eraser or light sanding) |
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How should you deodorize books? |
with ozone and thermal fogging-books require heavy deodorization treatment |
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What should you do with books that are wet from a sanitary water source? |
subcontract to freeze dry them (sublimation) |
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How soon should you start freeze drying? |
within 48 hours |
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What are 3 types of pack out services? |
1) complete-all items moved out 2) limited-partial damage to structure, high liability items moved out 3) selective-only selective items moved out to take to specialized expert, because they need immediate attention, or security concerns
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What are 4 things you need to do for loading and transporting items? |
1) do not allow any surface to surface contact 2) use adequate amounts of moving pads and blankets 3) strap (tie down) items so they won't shift during transport 4) take out and stack drawers and doors and secure against the wall of the truck or other furnishings |
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What are 6 things that need to be done for storing items? |
1) adequate insurance 2) climate controlled facility 3) proper security 4) easy access to all furnishings 5) protection from resoiling (getting messed up again) 6) pest control services |
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What is masking? |
perfumes or frangrances that cover a bad odor with a stronger more pleasant odor |
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What is absorbing (or sorbing)? |
Using highly absorbent compounds to attract moisture or bad odor residue |
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What is pairing? |
combining chemical deodorant with airborne bad odor to form a new non odorous compound |
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What is malodor? |
A very bad unpleasant odor |
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What is disinfecting (sanitizing)? |
Use of chemicals to kill (disinfect) or control (sanitize) bacteria and fungi that create odor on surfaces and materials |
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What is digesting? |
Using enzymes to digest protein based odor (like milk, blood, egg, fish, and feces) |
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What is oxidizing? |
Using chemical or gas to cause oxidation reaction (chemical burning) to destroy organic (from a living orgainism) malodor
examples are hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite or ozone |
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What is sealing? |
encapsulating (sealing in) a malodor by coating a surface |
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What is overkill? |
the use of multiple deodorization techniques for odor management when the source is unknown |
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What are the 4 principles of total odor removal? |
1) source removal (remove the primary source) 2) clean contamination (clean all contaminated surfaces) 3) recreate the conditions of penetration (with appropriate odor counteractants) 4) seal (coat or seal salvageable surfaces as needed) |
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What are deodorant blocks, gels |
deodorizing agent used to "reodorize" an area during and following real odor removal |
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What are deodorant granules? |
deodorizing agent that absorbs malodor or fluids |
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What are general purpose deodorants? |
deodorizing agent that you add to cleaning compounds |
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What are heavy duty deodorants? |
deodorizing agents to direct spray to odor sources and to fogging airspace |
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What are dry solvent deodorants? |
deodorizing agent used for thermal fogging, direct application and to add to polish |
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What is a registered disinfectant? |
deodorizing agent that is quaternary ammonium chloride based-will void warranty on stain resistant carpet |
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What is carpet deodorizer? |
deodorizing agent that is anionic (has a negative charge) and won't void warranty on stain resistant carpet |
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What is an enzyme deodorant? |
deodorizing agent that digests severe protein odor |
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What is ozone gas? |
deodorizing agent that oxidizes (chemically burns) organic odor |
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What is a syringe and needle used for? |
for injecting deodorant into fabrics |
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What is a Pump (hand or electric) Sprayer used for? |
for direct application of liquid deodorants onto surfaces |
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What is a smoke ejector used for? |
for clearing a structure of toxic gases or contaminants |
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What is a power blower used for? |
for blowing off contamination and for pressurizing and injecting deodorant into wall spaces |
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What is a Wet Fogger used for? |
for cold fogging of water based deodorants into airspace using droplets in the 15 micron MMD range |
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what should you not use a wet fogger on? |
water sensitive surfaces |
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What is a ULV fogger used for? |
for cold fogging of water based deodorants into airspace using droplets in the 8-15 micron MMD range |
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What is a thermal fogger used for? |
For hot fogging dry solvent based deodorants into airspace using droplets as small as 1/2 microns MMD |
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What is an ozone generator? |
An electrically powered device that produces the oxidizing gas, ozone (O3)
should be used in unoccupied areas, good for protein odors that won't go away, it degrades natural rubber and is heavier than breathable oxygen-use with airmover |
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What are vapor diffusers? |
safe, natural and essential oils |
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What are Air Filtration Devices (AFDs) used for? |
chemical sensitive customers, ventilation of toxic or malodors, HEPA filter captures 99.97% of particles down to .3 micro size (captures fungi and bacteria) |
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What are 2 phases of eliminating microorganisms? |
1) Arresting 2) Eliminating |
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What is done in the arresting phase of eliminating microorganisms? |
apply disinfectant or sanitizer to halt growth |
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What is done in the eliminating phase of eliminating microorganisms? |
eliminate one or more requirements for growth |
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What does urine begin as? |
an acid |
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Bacterial action changes urine to? |
a highly alkaline discoloring agent
alkaline means it is basic instead of acidic, it has a PH of 7 or more and can neutralize acid |
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What does urine residue (alkaline salts) do? |
attracts moisture to amplify the odor |
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What do animals always do despite their breed or pedigree? |
mark their territory (spraying) |
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What do technician tend to do with urine odor problems? |
oversimplify |
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What are 6 ways to locate the source of urine odor? |
1) logic-look in corners, baseboards, door frames, furniture legs 2) discolorations-can use a high intensity light to see these 3) moisture-use a moisture detector 4) black (ultraviolet) light 5) "squat 'n sniff" test 6) disengage carpet and observe backing for discoloration |
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What determines the degree of (how bad) a urine odor problem is? |
the amount (quantity) and the age of urine |
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How do you apply deodorant to a confined spot for urine odor? |
syringe or trigger sprayer |
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How do you apply deodorant to a large area for urine odor? |
pump or electric sprayer |
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What are the chemical options for getting rid of urine odor? |
1) Government registered disinfectants-QUATS 2) Anionic sanitizer 3) enzyme digester |
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What is the general process for getting rid of urine odor in carpet? |
1) identify the source 2) apply acid spotting agent 3) disengae carpet/remove tackless 4) saturate backing with appropriate agent 5) allow dwell time 6) seal subfloor 7) install new cushion 8) reinstall carpet 9) final clean 10) accelerate drying |
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How do you get rid of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) odors? |
treat as a persistant grease fire because of the small particle size, penetrates porous surfaces, causes yellowing, requires thorough cleaning of all surfaces and fabrics |
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What are bloodborne pathogens? |
Harmful microorganisms present in blood or other potentially infectious materials that could cause disease or even death in humans (pathogenic microorganisms) |
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What are some examples of bloodborne pathogens? |
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) |
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What is a contaminated material when it comes to BBP (Bloodborne Pathogens)? |
Any material where there is a presence or reasonably anticipated presence of blood |
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What does Hepatitis B cause? |
liver damage |
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What is required for people who may be exposed to hepatitis B in their work? |
HepVac shots (3 series shot) |
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What should you do to be precautious around blood? |
Treat all blood and certian body fluids as if known infectious |
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How do you treat the odor from decomposition of animals? |
find the source and use the 4 deodorization principles (identify and remove, clean, recreate conditions of penetration, and seal) |
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How do you deodorize the sulfur spray from skunk odors? |
thoroughly clean and use oxidation for best odor removal |
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How do you remove tear gas odors? |
Treat as a persistent grease fire, massive ventilation is required 1) Technician needs protective gear 2) Aerate (air out) the stucture 3) Wet fog with heavy duty water based pairing agent 4) lightly clean horizontal surfaces 5) aerate (air out) again 6) wet fog structure 7) repeat 3 & 5 as required
**Heavy concentrations of tear gas are very difficult to deodorize and requires great patience. Sometime structural components need to be replaced (especially insulation) |
