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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are developed to establish minimum requirements for design, construction, and use of buildings, structures, facilities, and the installation of equipment? |
Standards and codes
pg.37 |
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Who adopts standards and codes?
Who enforces the adopted standards and codes? |
Standards and codes are adopted by the AHJ
The jurisdictions building or fire department enforces adopted codes and standards
pg.37 |
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What establishes the minimum level of safety that should be present in a structure? |
Fire and life safety codes
pg.37 |
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What regulates not only construction materials and design, but also occupant behavior and processes? |
Fire and life safety codes
pg.37 |
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What is a set of principles, protocols, or procedures that is developed by committees through a consensus process? |
A standard
pg.37 |
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Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems |
NFPA 13
pg.38 |
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Standard on live fire training evolutions |
NFPA 1403
pg.38 |
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What is a collection or compilation of rules and regulations enacted by a legislative body to become law in a particular jurisdiction? |
A code
pg.38 |
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A code so adopted can be composed partially or entirely of what? |
Standards
pg.38 |
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What is the major difference between a code and a standard? |
A code must have administrative provisions to explain how and when the standards are to be applied.
pg.38 |
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What is IFC |
International Fire Code
pg.38 |
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The ICC's IFC states that mercantile occupancies over what square footage are required to have sprinkler systems? |
12000 square feet
pg.38 |
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Standard for the installation of sprinkler systems in residential occupancies up to and including four stories in height? |
NFPA 13R
pg.38 |
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National electric code |
NFPA 70
pg.38 |
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The companion to the National electric code to form a code to regulate installation of electrical wiring and appliances?
Who published this? |
Electrical code administrative provisions
Published by the ICC
pg.38 |
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The IFC states that fire protection systems shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with referenced standards in what table?
What is this table comprised of? |
Table 901.6.1
Comprised of NFPA standards
pg.38 |
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What is a body of regulations arranged systematically usually pertaining to one subject area? |
Code
pg.39 |
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What is a set of published criteria that is developed to serve as a model or example of desired performance or behaviors and that contains requirements and specifications outlining minimum levels of performance, protection, or construction? |
Standard
pg.39 |
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How does a standard become a law? |
It must be legally adopted by a jurisdiction or included as part of a code
pg.39 |
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Law that may be based on or may incorporate a standard? |
Code
pg.39 |
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What are the two classifications for building fire codes and standards? |
Prescriptive based and performance based
pg.39 |
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What is a code or standard that stipulates in detail the types of materials that can be used and how they must be assembled? |
Prescriptive based code or standard
pg.39 |
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What is a code or standard describing an acceptable level of performance that an assembly, material, or system must meet without specifically stating how the item is assembled? |
Performance based code or standard
pg.39 |
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What gives a contractor, manufacturer, or installer greater freedom performance based code/standard or prescriptive based code/standard? |
Performance based
pg.39 |
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What is an obvious weakness of prescriptive based code/standard? |
It does not provide a uniform level of cost effective protection
pg.39 |
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What is the strength of performance based code/standard? |
It does provide cost effective protection based on the actual hazard.
pg.39 |
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What is used in an attempt to obtain consistency in design, practice, and materials? |
Standards
pg.40 |
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What is NST? |
National Standard Thread
pg.40 |
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When do standards have the force of law? |
When adopted by the jurisdictions governing body.
pg.40 |
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What is a document that a committee of industry experts develops and agrees upon before adoption? |
Consensus Standard
pg.40 |
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Most of the fire and life safety consensus standards are developed by what organizations? |
NFPA, ASTM international originally American society for testing and materials, and UL underwriters laboratories inc.
pg.40 |
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What is the nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system? |
ANSI American National Standards Institute
pg.40 |
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Who accredits organizations that develop consensus standards? |
ANSI
pg.40 |
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What is the consensus standard process guided by? |
ANSI's principles of consensus, due process, and openness.
pg.40 |
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Who develops and publishes the majority of consensus standards in the US and Canada? |
NFPA
pg.40 |
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Uniform Fire Code |
NFPA 1
pg.41 |
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Standard for the installation of standpipe and hose systems |
NFPA 14
pg.41 |
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Standard for the inspection, testing, and maintenance of water based fire protecton systems |
NFPA 25
pg.41 |
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National fire alarm code |
NFPA 72
pg.41 |
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Life safety code |
NFPA 101
pg.41 |
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Standard for safegaurding construction, alteration and demolition operations |
NFPA 241
pg.41 |
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Standard system for the identification of the hazardous materials for emergency response |
NFPA 704
pg.41 |
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Building construction and safety code |
NFPA 5000
pg.41 |
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What is the American Society for Testing and Materials International? |
A consensus based standards writing and testing organization that develops testing processes that other testing organizations use in the development of safety products.
pg.41 |
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Standard test for surface burning characteristics of building materials? |
E84-07
pg.41 |
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Standard test methods for fire tests of roof coverings? |
E108-70a
pg.41
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Standard test methods for fire tests of building construction? |
E119-07a
pg.41 |
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The UL is a independant, not for profit organization that does what and when was it founded? |
UL provides product safety testing and certification and was founded in 1894.
pg.41 |
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The UL also provides third party testing and certification for in service equipment such as? |
Annual testing of ground ladders, apparatus fire pumps, and areial devices on a five year cycle.
pg.41 |
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How many standards for safety has the UL developed? |
Over 800
pg.42 |
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UL standard for dry pipe and deluge valves for fire protection service? |
UL 260 (2004)
pg.42 |
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UL standard for smoke detectors for fire alarm signaling systems? |
UL 268 (1996)
pg.42 |
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UL standard for dry chemical fire extinguishers? |
UL 299 (2002)
pg.42 |
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UL standard for residential sprinklers for fire protection service? |
UL 1626 (2001)
pg.42 |
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UL standard for above ground liquid tank systems? |
UL 2244 (1999)
pg.42 |
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Who provides an appeals process for manufactures who wish to contest test results of their product or material? |
ANSI
pg.42 |
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ANSI ensures that access to the standards process is made available to who? |
Anyone that is directly or materially affected by a standard that is under development.
pg.42 |
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Many ANSI standards are cross referenced between what? |
NFPA and OSHA
pg.42 |
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What are legal documents that govern activities at various levels of government? |
Codes
pg.43 |
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What describes a set of requirements similar to a standard? |
Model code
pg.43 |
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Codes like standards are only enforceable when? |
After the AHJ adopts them
pg.43 |
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Currently how many model code organizations are in the United States? |
2
pg.44 |
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Each of the model code organizations has a series of codes that when adopted can be used to regulate what? |
Building components(Structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) as well as fire and life safety.
pg.44 |
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What are the two model code organizations in the United States? |
International Code Council (ICC)
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
pg.44 |
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What fire codes were developed by the ICC? |
International Fire Code (IFC)
International Building Code (IBC)
pg.44 |
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What fire codes were developed by the NFPA? |
NFPA 1 Uniform Fire Code NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (occupancy classifications) NFPA 220 Standard on types of building construction NFPA 5000 Building construction and safety code pg.44 |
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In what year did four model code organizations consolidate into the ICC? |
1994
pg.44 |
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What four model code organizations consolidated into the ICC? |
1) Building Officials and Code Administrators (BOCA) 2) International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO) 3) International Fire Code Institute (IFCI) and the Western Fire Chiefs Association (WFCA) 4) Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI) pg.44 |
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What were the Building Officals and Code Administrators (BOCA) Building and fire codes? |
National Building Code
National Fire Code
pg.44 |
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What were the International Conference of Building Officals (ICBO) Building and fire codes? |
Uniform Building Code (UBC)
pg.44 |
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What were the International Fire Code Institute (IFCI) and Western Fire Chiefs Association (WFCA) Building and fire codes? |
Uniform Fire Code
pg.44 |
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What were the Southern Building Code Congress International Building and fire codes? |
Standard Building Code (SBC)
Standard Fire Code
pg.44 |
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Prior to 2000 the WFCA published the UFC in conjunction with the IFCI, then in 2003 The WFCA formed a partnership with what organization and what happened to the UFC? |
In 2003 The WFCA formed a partnership with the NFPA and Transferred publication of the UFC to NFPA as NFPA 1 Uniform fire code.
pg.44 |
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What is the typical life cycle of a model code? |
3 to 5 years
pg.46 |
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A revised edition of the model code in effect does not automatically take effect when the model code organization releases it so the previous edition stays in effect until when? |
The previous edition stays in effect until the AHJ formally and legall adopts the new addition.
pg.46 |
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What is a concern of a revised model code? |
Locally adopted ammendments with the previous version of the model code may have lost relevance or caused conflict with the revised model code.
pg.46 |
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What are four methods for keeping current with building changes? |
1)Become familiar with other code enforcement and inspections department in the jurisdiction 2) Monitor business license applications 3) Monitor the issuance of building occupancy and activity permits 4)Conduct annual occupancy inventory survey
pg.47 |
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What is the best option when a conflict arises between various codes? |
A common sense approach to finding solutions in a cooperative manner.
pg.48 |
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Performance based standards are requirements based on? |
Specific performance outcome objectives coupled with specific installation and construction techniques.
pg.49 |
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What are performance based standards combined with? |
Acceptance testing criteria that must be successfully performed to prove the effectiveness of the assembly.
pg.49 |
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What are performance based design benefits and downfalls? |
Benefit- Fire protection solution achieved in a flexible manner and can better meet the needs of the AHJ, Owner, or insurance company
Downfall- Testing of these systems often requires professional engineers
pg.49 |
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What has simplified the process of developing an effective fire and life safety code for a jurisdiction? |
Increased use of model building and fire codes
pg.50 |
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When special fire and life safety code provisions need to be made to meet the specific needs of a local condition or fire department requirement what can be done? |
Code ammendments can be formed
pg.50 |
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The process for developing or ammending local codes generally follows what steps? |
1) Identify the problem 2) Identify the affected stakeholders 3) Form a code development task force 4) Draft the proposed code 5) Submit the code for legal review prior to adoption
pg.50 |
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When do most communites update their model codes? |
Most communities update all of their model codes at the same time when new editions of the model codes are released every 3 to 5 years.
pg.51 |
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When a new code or ammendment is proposed who should be included in its development? |
The individuals and groups it affects.
pg.51 |
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All individuals or groups who are affected by a code are referred to as what collectively? |
Stakeholders
pg.51 |
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Stakeholders most often include who? |
1) Memebers of the building industry 2) Chambers of commerce 3) Insurance companies 4) Local citizen group 5) Others who may have financial or community interest in the laws governing the community
pg.52 |
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When should a code development team or task force be formed? |
When the fire and life safety code official determines a new code or amendment is needed.
pg.52 |
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A code development team or task force should include representives from what groups? |
1) Building construction 2) Insurance 3) Fire protection 4) Allied health service 5) Human services agencies 6) Fire department bargaining unit 7) Real easte agencies 8) Local governing bodies 9) Other stakeholders |
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If code development meetings are required to have agendas and post meeting information who should prepare this? |
Municipal authority, usually the court clerk should coordinate these efforts with the fire code official.
pg. 53 |
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Who should the code development team or task force present their final report to?
What should the report suggest? |
The local governing body
A group of broad fire and life safety recommendations that can be used to actually draft the code.
pg.53 |
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1) Once the proposed fire code is drafted who should it be presented to?
2)Then that person usually assigns who the task of preparing the new code legislation? |
The mayor, Local legislative leader, and/or the municipal manager.
The fire and life safety code official
pg. 53 |
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Generally the the legislative procedure for presenting resolutions for approval and inclusion into the local municipal code follow what process? |
1) Preparation of proposed legislation 2) Study by the legislative body 3) Formal presentation 4) Discussion 5) Legal action
pg.55 |
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The formal resolution to adopt new fire and life safety code language should describe what? |
1) Nature of the legislation 2) Location of the legislation in the municipal code 3) Authority of the community to adopt the language 4) Need to adopt a new edition of the code 5) Authority of the community to enforce the legislation 6) Term limit or sunset provision 7) Proposed implementation date once adopted |
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When the formal resolution to adopt new fire and life safety code language is complete who is it sent to and what else may be required? |
It is sent to the municipal manager and may require a council communication (executive summary)
pg.55 |
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When the municipal manager receives the formal resolution who is it forwarded to? |
All municipal board members and the clerk for inclusion on the boards agenda
pg.55 |
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Once the proposed code has been forwarded to the clerk and scheduled what it is common for the legislative body to do? |
Have discussion by proponents and opponents during the study session.
pg.55 |
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Once the code has passed the study process the governing body schedules it for consideration.
Who actually presents the resolution to the legislative body? |
Municipal manager, Member of a legislative body, manager of a municipal department that has oversight on that code, member of the citizen advisory committee appointed to develop new legislation, or fire and life safety code official acting on behalf of the fire chief.
pg.56 |
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Once the proposed code legislation is presented the fire and life safety code official may be asked to provide a detailed explanation of the code, after this what steps take place before the new code can be introduced? |
Board member or mayor opens a public comment period, then there is a motion to vote and all the present board members vote.
pg.56 |
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The effective enforcement date is contained within the resolution and is normally what amount of time?
And what is the normal time limit when a emergency clause is used? |
The normal enforcement time is 90 days from adoption
30 days from adoption for emergency clauses
pg.56 |
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If an applicant has an issue with a code what recourse do they have? |
They can file a petition requesting a hearing before the board of appeals.
pg.60 |
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A board of appeals usually has how many members and what powers do they hold or not hold? |
Usually 3 to 7 members, the board of appeals has authority to interpret fire code, approve alternate methods of protection or safety, and make rulings. They are prohibited from changing or waiving any portion of the fire code.
pg.60 |
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What is the normal time limit for submitting an appeal to a code? |
While periods of 2 weeks to 30 days are found in many jurisdictions the most common time is 7 days.
pg.60 |
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What is a one time modification that is binding only for a particular circumstance and may not be automatically applied to other situations that is occasionally used by the board of appeals?
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A variance
pg.61 |
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What is the primary goal of all fire prevention code activities? |
Compliance
pg.61 |
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There are two due process clauses in the U.S. constitution, which amendments are they found in and what do they apply to? |
The 5th amendment applies to the federal government
14th amendment applies to the states.
pg.61 |
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How does the 5th amendments due process clause apply to states? |
Under the incorporation doctorine of the U.S. constitution.
pg.61 |
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What is the order of actions to ensure code compliance? |
1) Notification (Written inspection form describing noted infractions also called citation or liability notice) 2) Follow up inspection 3) Sanction 4) Prosecution
pg.61-62 |
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What is the official document that grants the property owner or other party permission to perform a specific activity? |
Permit
pg.63 |
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According to the IFC what are the two general types of permits? |
1) Operational permits that allow for an operation or business for a specified time until the permit is renewed or revoked
2) Construction permits issued for the installation or alteration of equipment.
pg.64
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What are permits not issued to allow? |
A party to disregard, deviate, or exceed code requirements in any manner.
pg.64 |
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What are permits usually issued for?
What does a permit authorize a inspector to do? |
A specific condition, specific location, and a specific period of time.
Permits authorize by law right of entry for the fire inspector at any time
pg.64 |
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What are the permit process steps? |
Application, review, issuance, and expiration |
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What is the legal basis for the tasks an inspector performs and the instruments that the inspector uses to create a safe environment for the residents and workers in the community? |
Codes and standards |
