Fire-Fire Streams

Front 1

Define fire stream

Back 1

a stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves the fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point.

Front 2

List the purposes of fire streams:

Back 2

a. Reduce high atmospheric temperature and/or dispense smoke and gases from a heated area in a confined space.
b. Reduce temp over an open fire in order to allow a closer proximity with attack line.
c. Protect firefighters and property from heat.
d. Create a barrier between fuel and fire.

Front 3

Advantages of water as an extinguishing agent

Back 3

» A relatively large amount of heat is required to change water into steam.
» The greater the surface area that water is exposed the more rapidly heat will be absorbed.
» When a water stream is broken into small particles, it absorbs heat and turns to steam more quickly.
» Water converted into steam occupies several hundred times is original volume.

Front 4

Disadvantages of water as an extinguishing agent

Back 4

» Considerable surface tension
» Reacts with certain materials.
» Freezes at normal winter temp.
» Low viscosity (thickness)
» Conducts electricity
» Steam burns.

Front 5

At 500 F˚ water expands

Back 5

to 2,400 to 1 (means every one cubic foot of water (7.48 gallons) will occupy a space of 2400 cubic feet when converted to steam.)

Front 6

At 212˚ F water expands

Back 6

1,700 to 1 (means every one cubic foot of water (7.48 gallons) will occupy a space of 1700 cubic feet when converted to steam.)

Front 7

At 1,000 F˚ water expands

Back 7

4,200 to 1(means every one cubic foot of water (7.48 gallons) will occupy a space of 4200 cubic feet when converted to steam.)

Front 8

List the three types of fire streams and gpm operation

Back 8

low-volume: less than 40 gpm, handline stream: 40 to 350 gpm, and master stream: greater than 350 gpm.

Front 9

Solid stream hand held nozzles operate at

Back 9

50psi

Front 10

Solid stream for mater streams operate at

Back 10

80psi

Front 11

Solid stream advantages:

Back 11

» Greater reach & penetration.
» Operate at less pressure and reduce nozzle reaction.
» Less likely to disturb thermal layer.
» Maintains better visibility for firefighters.

Front 12

Solid streams disadvantages:

Back 12

» Only one stream pattern available.
» Cannot be used with foam.
» Less heat absorption per gallon delivered.

Front 13

Fog stream nozzles are design to operate at

Back 13

100 psi at the base of the nozzle

Front 14

Most fog nozzles are adjustable into:

Back 14

1. Straight stream
2. Narrow fog stream (15 to 45 degrees)
3. Wide-angle fog stream (45 to 80 degrees)

Front 15

Fog Stream Advantages

Back 15

» Pattern can be adjusted.
» Amount of water can be adjusted.
» Can aid in ventilation.
» Greater surface area cover cause greater heat absorption.

Front 16

Fog Stream Disadvantages

Back 16

» Does not have as far as a reach as solid stream.
» Can be broken by the wind.
» Can cause steam burns and contribute to fire spread.

Front 17

gpm

Back 17

gallons-per-minute

Front 18

psi

Back 18

pounds-per-square-inch.

Front 19

pressure is

Back 19

the application of force.

Front 20

Water hammer is

Back 20

is the sudden surge of pressure in the water system resulting from the sudden stoppage of water flow through the system.

Front 21

Nozzle reaction is

Back 21

is the back pressure or kick back felt while water is being discharge from a nozzle.