Fire-Fire Behavior

Front 1

The components of the fire triangle and the fire tetrahedron and are necessary for combustion to occur

Back 1

(1) oxygen, (2) fuel, (3) Heat, (4) self-sustaining chemical reaction

Front 2

(1) oxygen

Back 2

being 21% in normal air this is usually plenty as approximately 16% is required for free burning and visible flame. Combustions will stop at 8%. Oxygen is also not flammable it just support combustion.

Front 3

(2) Fuel

Back 3

is the material being oxidized or burned in the combustion process.

Front 4

(3) Heat

Back 4

is the form of energy that raises temperature.

Front 5

(4) Self-sustaining chemical reaction

Back 5

allows for the continuous heating of a fuel mass and the production of vapors which join with oxygen to continue combustion. An example of a slow oxidation is rust which does not produce enough heat to reach ignition.

Front 6

The three physical stages of fuels

Back 6

The three physical stages of fuels are gas, liquid, and solid.

Front 7

Flash point

Back 7

the lowest temperature at which flammable or combustible products sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture near the surface. Enough temp to get it to flash.

Front 8

Fire point

Back 8

is the temp at which a liquid fuel produces sufficient vapors to continuous bunting once ignited. Enough temp to get it to burn.

Front 9

Ignition temp

Back 9

is the lowest temp that a substance must be raised to start self-sustaining combustion.

Front 10

Flammable limits/range

Back 10

is the percentage of vapor in air that will burn once ignited. Most substances have an upper and lower flammable limit.

Front 11

Boiling point

Back 11

is the temp at which the evaporation rate exceeds the rate of condensation.

Front 12

Specific gravity

Back 12

is the weight of a substance compared to an equal weight of water (water=1). Less than one will float on water.

Front 13

Vapor density

Back 13

is the weight of a gas compared to an equal weight of air (air=1)

Front 14

The different sources of heat energy are

Back 14

Chemical, electrical, mechanical, nuclear, and solar

Front 15

Chemical heat

Back 15

is four things heat of combustion, spontaneous heating, heat of decomposition, and heat of a solution (heat release when a substance is dissolved in a liquid).

Front 16

Electrical heat

Back 16

is 6 things including resistance heat, induction heat, dielectric heat, heat from arcing, stat electricity, and lightning.
Resistance heat is electrical hat passing through a cord or appliance.
Induction heat is the heat of a electrical conductor.
Dielectric heat results from pulsating current on a nonconductive materials, like a microwave oven.
Heat from arching is when heat is interrupted ranging from 2000˚ to 7000˚ F.
Static electricity builds up of positive charge on one side and negative on the other.
Lighting is a huge form of electrical heat.

Front 17

Mechanical heat

Back 17

consist of Friction, friction sparks, and heat of compression-any time gas is compress.

Front 18

Nuclear heat

Back 18

consist of either Fission or Fusion. Fission is atoms splitting apart and fusion is atoms combining

Front 19

● Solar heat

Back 19

is generated by the sun.

Front 20

the different units by which heat is measured are

Back 20

Fahrenheit scale, Centrigrade/Celsius scale, BTU-British thermal unit, and Calorie.

Front 21

Fahrenheit scale

Back 21

1) 32˚F freezing temp of water
2) 212˚F boiling temp of water

Front 22

Centigrade/Celsius scale

Back 22

1) 0˚C freezing temp of water
2) 100˚C boiling temp of water

Front 23

BTU-British Thermal Unit

Back 23

is the Heat is require to raise one pound of water 1˚F.

Front 24

Calorie

Back 24

is the heat require to raise one gram of water 1˚C.

Front 25

Class A Fire

Back 25

ordinary combustibles (wood, trash, cloths, furniture) where cooling is the normal extinguishment method.

Front 26

Class B Fire

Back 26

flammable liquid and gases which is extinguish oxygen exclusion, cooling, fuel removal, and chemical flame inhibition.

Front 27

Class C Fire

Back 27

energize electrical equipment which is extinguish by pulling the plug and opening electrical circuit.

Front 28

Class D Fire

Back 28

combustible metals which is extinguish by special agents normally required for specific fuels (these may have no pressure to the extinguisher, as pressure would make it worse)

Front 29

Class K Fire

Back 29

cooking oil used for commercial operations

Front 30

How does heat transfer?

Back 30

Conduction, convection, and radiation.

Front 31

Conduction

Back 31

is when heat is transfer by direct contact from one body to another, point to point transfer of heat energy.

Front 32

Convection

Back 32

is when heat is transfer by movement of heated liquid or gases.

Front 33

Radiation

Back 33

is when heat is transfer by heat energy giving off of a structure and absorb by another, no point to point transfer.

Front 34

Signs of a potential flashover are:

Back 34

Heat build up
Rollover: when flames move through the unburned gases at ceiling level.
Thick dark smoke
Free burning of the fire

Front 35

Survival Techniques with flashover

Back 35

Recognize warning signs
Avoid disorientation remain calm and think
Full PPE on
Know the point of return-get out-escape is possible if 5 feet from exit as a firefighter can travel 2.5 feet a second without a hose and has only 2 seconds to exit when a flashover occurs.
Get as low as possible
Open the nozzle on full fog overhead

Front 36

Backdraft indicators

Back 36

Smoke under pressure.
Black smoke becoming thick dense gray-yellow.
Confinement and excessive heat
Little or no visible flame
Smoke leaves structure in puffs or intervals, looks like it is breathing
Smoke stained windows
Muffled sounds
Sudden inrush of air when opening is made.