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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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volcano |
weak spot in the crust wheremolten material, or magma, comes to the surface |
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magma |
amolten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and waterfrom the mantle |
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lava |
When magma reaches the surface |
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ring of fire |
formed by the many volcanoes that rim thePacific Ocean |
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island arc |
resulting volcanoes create a string of islands
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hot spot |
an area where material from deep within the mantlerises and then melts, forming magma
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earthquake |
the shaking andtrembling that results from the movement of rock beneathEarth’s surface
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focus |
thearea beneath Earth’s surface where rock that is under stressbreaks, triggering an earthquake
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epicenter |
point on the surfacedirectly above the focus
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P waves |
seismic waves that compress and expandthe ground like an accordion
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S waves |
seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as wellas up and down |
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surface waves |
move moreslowly than P waves and S waves, but they can produce severeground movements |
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Mercalli scale |
developed torate earthquakes according to the level of damage at a givenplace |
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magnitude
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a numberthat geologists assign to an earthquake based on the earthquake’ssize
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Richter scale
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a rating of an earthquake’smagnitude based on the size of the earthquake’s seismic waves
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seismograph |
The seismic waves are measured
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moment magnitude scale
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a rating system that estimatesthe total energy released by an earthquake
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