Finals Set 4

Front 1

When apply the risk management process, in which step is the watch out considered?

Back 1

Hazard assessment

Front 2

When applying the risk management process, which step is LCES considered?

Back 2

Hazard control

Front 3

Name five methods of fireline communication?

Back 3

1.

Front 4

A pre-identified location that requires a specific action to take place when it is reached is called a

Back 4

Trigger point

Front 5

Describe how spot fires are marked on the ground?

Back 5

Flag it off

Front 6

List the three modes of structure protection and provide a brief description of each.

Back 6

.

Front 7

Two hazards associated with water use

Back 7

1) Wash debris into eyes
2) Wash burning material across line

Front 8

A final fireline must be cut down to the

Back 8

Mineral soil

Front 9

Structure triage

Back 9

Which structure can be safely protected

Front 10

Shows the direction in which the fire is burning, This is the hottest and most active part of the fire

Back 10

Head

Front 11

The location where the fire started.

Back 11

Origin

Front 12

Sides of the fire, parallel to the main direction of spread. May have active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire.

Back 12

Flank (right and left)

Front 13

Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at all. Often near the fire origin.

Back 13

Rear/Heel

Front 14

Boundary line of the fire or fire edge. May not have active fire on some portions.

Back 14

Perimeter

Front 15

An area, usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of the fire. Could be dangerous if personnel working the fire are flanked by a finger.

Back 15

Finger

Front 16

Unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.

Back 16

Pocket

Front 17

Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter.

Back 17

Island

Front 18

Burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by wind blown embers or rollings debris.

Back 18

Spot Fire

Front 19

Movement of the fire

Back 19

Spread

Front 20

Fire burning without flame and barely spreading.

Back 20

Smoldering

Front 21

Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly.

Back 21

Creeping

Front 22

Fire spreading rapidly with a well-defined head.

Back 22

Running

Front 23

Fire moving away from the head, downhill, or against the wind.

Back 23

Backing

Front 24

Sparks or embers produced by the main fire are carried by winds or convection column.

Back 24

Spotting

Front 25

Fire burning on the surface, but periodically igniting the crown of a single or small group of trees or shrubs before returning to the surface. Although sometimes confused with crowning this behavior is not as serious as a crown fire.

Back 25

Torching

Front 26

Fire that advances across tops of trees or shrubs more or less independent of surface fire. High fire intensity and high forward rate of spread. Use crown fire or crowning with care because it describes a very serious fire situation.

Back 26

Crowning

Front 27

Sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread of a fire sufficient to preclude direct control or to upset existing suppression plans.

Back 27

Blowup

Front 28

A comprehensive term used for all the constructed or natural fire barriers and treated fire edges used to contain the fire.

Back 28

Control Line

Front 29

Any cleared strip or portion of a control line from which flammable material has been removed by scraping or digging down to mineral soil.

Back 29

Fireline

Front 30

An advantageous location, generally a fire barrier, from which to start constructing a fireline. Used to minimize the chance of being outflanked by the fire while the line is being constructed.

Back 30

Anchor Point

Front 31

Final extinguishment of a fire after it is lined.

Back 31

Mopup

Front 32

This classifies the size of the fire with class" A" being the smallest and class "G" being the largest.

Back 32

Class of Fire

Front 33

PERSONAL GEAR (7 items)
Giving 9 items

Back 33

1) Hard hat
2) Eye protection
3) Hearing protection
4) Gloves
5) Trousers (Flame resistant)
6) Shirts (Flame resistant)
7) Boots
8) Fire shelter with vinyl cover
9) Socks

Front 34

Physical Fltness:
Is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen that one can take into their body and transport to the muscles.

Back 34

Aerobic fitness

Front 35

Physical Fitness:
Includes both strength and muscular endurance.

Back 35

Muscular fitness

Front 36

Firefighters can minimize dehydration by doing the following:
1) THE BEST THING YOU CAN DO IS LOAD UP ON WATER.
2) Use electrolyte replacing drinks in moderation.
3) Avoid alcohol completely when on fire assignments.
4) Drink herbal teas as a hot drink if available instead of coffee.

Back 36

5) Utilize supplemental carbohydrates during sustained
6) Avoid performance enhancing supplements containing caffeine, ephedrine, and creatine which increase the risk of heart related injuries.

Front 37

Fatigue:
Symptoms of fatigue are:

Back 37

1) Feeling rundown and groggy in the morning.
2) Falling asleep at every break given
3) Feeling light headed and having difficulty concentrating.
4) Irritability
5) Dulling of the senses resulting in a reduction in situation awareness

Front 38

Firefighters can minimize fatigue by doing the following:

Back 38

1) Maintain 2 to 1 work to rest cycle.
(others)
2) Maintain adequate food and water intake.
3) Pace work output while maintaining a steady rate of productivity.

Front 39

This section has overall responsibility and decision-making for an incident.

Back 39

Incident commander

Front 40

Harder fires are handled by

Back 40

Type 1 Crews (Hot shots)

Front 41

Engine crews:
300 gallon tank capacity

Back 41

Type 3

Front 42

STANDARD FIREFIGHTING ORDERS:
1-3

Back 42

Fire Behavior

Front 43

STANDARD FlREFIGHTlNG ORDERS:
4-6

Back 43

Fireline safety

Front 44

STANDARD FIREFIGHTING ORDERS:
7-10

Back 44

Overall intent

Front 45

Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire:
When applying this Standard Firefighting Order, what fire behavior elements are considered?

Back 45

1) Topography
2) Weather
3) Fuel

Front 46

Whose responsibility is it to ensure instructions are given and understood?

Back 46

Everyone/Supervisor

Front 47

What does L.C.E.S. mean?

Back 47

L-ookouts
C-ommunication
E-scape routes
S-afety zones

Front 48

Risk management process
(5 steps)

Back 48

Step 1) Situational Awareness
Step 2) Hazard Assessment
Step 3) Hazard Control
Step 4) Decision Point
Step 5) Evaluate

Front 49

Items to Wear and Take into Fire Shelter (4 items)

Back 49

1) GIoves
2) Radio
3) Hard hat
4) Water

Front 50

When do you inspect your fire shelter?
Fire inspection and care:

Back 50

1) When the fire shelter is issued to you.
2) At the beginning of each fire season.
3) Every two weeks during the fire season.

Front 51

(Five communication responsibilities)

Back 51

1) Briefing
2) Debriefing
3) Communicate hazards
4) Acknowledge messages
5) Ask

Front 52

Maintain proper distance between crew members (10- feet)

Back 52

Keep your dime

Front 53

Describe the proper method of carrying hand tools commonly used in your area. (3 points)

Back 53

1. Blade away
2. Blade down
3. Pick-head near ground and blade toward you

Front 54

Using the list of hand tools below, select which hand tools you would use for each of the fireline tasks (multiple answers may apply).

Back 54

1) Shovel
2) Pulaski
3) Fire swatter
4) Adze Hoe
5) Ax
6) McLeod
7) Fire rake

Front 55

Use a spray or fog to cool areas of extreme heat

Back 55

1) During mopup

Front 56

METHODS OF ATTACK:
Best method to use, safest.

Back 56

Direct Attack

Front 57

Scratch Line

Back 57

An unfinished preliminary control line hastily established or constructed as an emergency measure to check the spread of fire.

Front 58

Setting fire inside a control line to consume fuel between the edge of the fire and the control line.

Back 58

Burning Out

Front 59

TYPES OF COORDINATED CREW TECHNIQUES

Back 59

1) One-lick (Progressive)
2) Bump-up (Leap frog)

Front 60

If you are unable to move clear of the drop area, follow accepted agency procedures for protecting yourself and others.

Back 60

1) Drop tools under body
2) Don't get up until finish

Front 61

MAINTAINING GOOD COMMUNICATION:
1) Face to face
2) Radio
3) Hand signals
4) Leave written note
5) Runner

Back 61

6) Cell phone
7) Mirror (Attention, location)
8) Whistle
9) Air horn

Front 62

METHODS OF MOPUP:
Hand tools are used for mopup in the following ways:

Back 62

1) Scraping
2) Digging
3) Stirring
4) Mixing
5) Separating
6) Turning logs and other materials

Front 63

Dry Mopup:

Back 63

Without water, Dirt etc

Front 64

Wet Mopup:

Back 64

Using water

Front 65

Safety:
What is safety?

Back 65

.

Front 66

USING THE FOUR SENSES TO DETECT HOT MATERIALS:
Sight:

Back 66

1) Smoke
2) Heat waves
3) White Ash
4) Stump holes
5) Steam
6) Gnats

Front 67

Touch:

Back 67

1) Do not wear gloves
2) At first, feel with the back of your hand about 1 inch away, then carefully with direct contact.

Front 68

Smell:

Back 68

1) Smoke
2) Burning materials and the gases that these materials give off

Front 69

Hearing-listen for the:

Back 69

1) Crack and pop of burning material
2) Hiss of water as it hits hot materials

Front 70

STRENGTHENING THE CONTROL LINE: (3 THINGS)

Back 70

1) Rearranging Fuels
2) Trenches (Catch rolling materials)
3) Waterbars (Rehab-After fire is put out)

Front 71

Identify the Hazards:
What Book?

Back 71

DOT Emergency Response Guidebook

Front 72

DISCUSSION OF THE WILDLAND/URBAN WATCH OUT SITUATIONS:

Back 72

1) Wooden Construction and Wood Shake Roofs
2) Poor Access and Narrow Congested One-Way Roads
3) Inadequate Water Supply
4) Natural Fuels 30 Feet or Closer to Structures
5) Extreme Fire Behavior
6) Strong winds
7) Evacuation of Public (Panic)
8) Bridge load limits

Front 73

What does AAR stand for?

Back 73

After action review

Front 74

Identify & Deny entry

Back 74

Hazmat situation

Front 75

Describe the difference between a Safety Zone and a Deployment Site.

Back 75

1) Safety zone is where you can watch the fire go by
2) Deployment site is where you use your fire shelter

Front 76

To reduce the risk of entrapments post a __________ and maintain good _____________.

Back 76

1) Lookout

2) Communication

Front 77

The person ultimately in charge of the fire is called the:

Back 77

Incident Commander

Front 78

Name three wildland fire hand tools that me used in your local area.

Back 78

1) Pulaski
2) Shovel
3) McLeod

Front 79

Why should firefighters maintain at least 10 feet of space or more when walking and working together along the fire line?

Back 79

Safety, so you don't get hit with a tool.

Front 80

When loading a helicopter you should:

Back 80

Approach when directed by the pilot or helitack crewmember.

Front 81

List two firing devices that may be used in firing operations.

Back 81

1) Drip torch
2) Fusee

Front 82

List two hazards when using a fusee during firing operations.

Back 82

1) Fumes
2) Spot fires

Front 83

The most effective ground technique for patrolling for spot fires is the use of a systematic grid to search a designated area.

Back 83

True

Front 84

When reacting to a possible hazardous material emergency you should immediately do what?

Back 84

Protect the point of origin

Front 85

When responding to a possible hazardous materials emergency, where would you look for more information on any identified hazardous material?

Back 85

DOT: Emergency Response Guidebook

Front 86

Which of the following are common denominators in fatal or near miss fires?

Back 86

1) Most occurred during mopup
2) Most occurred in light fuels

Front 87

When is it ok to not have an identified escape route and saftety zone?

Back 87

Never

Front 88

If given a situation using the 18 watch outs. (Answers are)

Back 88

8,9
11,12,13,14,15

No # 10

Front 89

The first three Standard Firefighting Orders deal with:

Back 89

Fire Behavior

Front 90

What three weather factors are most important to firefighters?

Back 90

1) Wind
2) Temperature
3) Relative Humidity

Front 91

List three factors in the fire environment that reduce our judgement, alertness, thinking and decision making ability.

Back 91

1) Fatigue
2) Stress
3) Heat stress

Front 92

A fire shelter is designed to

Back 92

1) Reflect radiant heat
2) Provide you with breathable air

Front 93

When must a fireline personnel carry a fire shelter?

Back 93

1) During the initial attack
2) During mopup operations
3) When entering the fire area
4) During a prescribed burn

Front 94

List two of the four recommended items to wear or take into your fire shelter.

Back 94

1) Water
2) Radio
3) Hard hat
4) Gloves

Front 95

While deployed in a fire shelter, water should be used to?

Back 95

Drink

Front 96

When would you remove property from a burning or at risk structure?

Back 96

Never

Front 97

A wildland firefighter should never attempt to extinguish a structure fire by entering a burning building.

Back 97

True

Front 98

A bandana worn over the face should be kept moist to help cool the air you are breathing.

Back 98

False

Front 99

If you have to use your fire shelter, list two good places to set it up.

Back 99

1) In the black
2) Next to Natural barriers

Front 100

When building fireline, unburned fireline debris should be scraped to the __________ of the fireline.

Back 100

Outside

Front 101

If you have retardant dropped on you, you should change your clothes and clean off the retardant as soon as possible.

Back 101

True

Front 102

According to the lCS system, if you worked as an engine crewmember on a small fire, you work directly for the:

Back 102

Engine Boss

Front 103

Fire shirts are fire resistant, not fire proof.

Back 103

True

Front 104

The male end of the hose should be on the inside roll when rolling hose.

Back 104

True

Front 105

How many feet are in a chain?

Back 105

66

Front 106

Tools with loose heads:

Back 106

Should be flagged and marked to indicate repairs are needed

Front 107

DELIVERY SYSTEMS:
Two types of hose lays are:

Back 107

1) Simple
2) Progressive

Front 108

During a lightning storm, it is best to seek shelter at the base of a large tree.

Back 108

False

Front 109

A cup trench or a "V" trench is used to:

Back 109

Prevent rolling materials from crossing the control line.

Front 110

If a tanker (according to ICS terminology) has been ordered for your fire, you will receIve:

Back 110

A fixed wing aircraft with retardant

Front 111

Your fire shelter should only be carried on wildfires and not prescribed burns.

Back 111

False

Front 112

The part of the fire that is burning most intensely is generally called the:

Back 112

Head

Front 113

Explain the difference between a finger and a spot fire.

Back 113

1) Finger is usually a narrow strip, that burns away from the main part of the fire.
2) Spot fires are burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by wind blown embers or rolling debris.

Front 114

Situational awareness is:

Back 114

1) The gathering of info by observation and communication
2) The foundation of all the decision making
3) An ongoing cycle

Front 115

Three things that must occur for effective communication to take place are:

Back 115

1) Sender
2) Receiver
3) An exchange of information

Front 116

Teamwork is very important in firefighting. List one reason why.

Back 116

Better teamwork means better communication, which increases safety

Front 117

What are the three methods of heat transfer?

Back 117

1) Radiation
2) Convection
3) Conduction

Front 118

What are the three components of the fire triangle?

Back 118

1) Heat
2) Fuel
3) Oxygen

Front 119

What happens when oxygen is removed from the fire triangle?

Back 119

There will be no fire. All 3 must be in place to sustain a fire.

Front 120

When is a fire controlled?

Back 120

When the fire is expected to hold under all conditions

Front 121

List four examples of a barrier:

Back 121

Natural:
1) River
2) Rock slide
3) Lakes
4) Rock
Man-made barriers:
1) Roads
2) Highways
3) Reservoirs
4) Fireline

Front 122

A north facing aspect will have more fire activity that a south facing aspect.

Back 122

False

Front 123

Name two types of canyons that can result in extreme fire behavior.

Back 123

1) Narrow Canyon
2) Box canyon

Front 124

List four of the six basic fuel types:

Back 124

1) Grass
2) Grass-Shrub
3) Shrub
4) Timber-Understory
5) Timber litter
6) Slash-Blowdown

Front 125

What are the two types of horizontal arrangements of fuels?

Back 125

1) Uniform fuels
2) Patchy fuels

Front 126

The vertical arrangement of ladder fuel describes what?

Back 126

Fuels that link surface materials to the upper canopy

Front 127

List three indicators that fire behavior is increasing.

Back 127

1) Fire whirls
2) Crowning
3) Running fire

Front 128

What is one wind indicator to be aware of that can lead to increased fire behavior?

Back 128

Cold fronts

Front 129

What factor influences fire spread more than any other?

Back 129

Wind

Front 130

List three weather factors which may produce rapid fire spread.

Back 130

1) Strong and shifting wind
2) Very low relative humidity
3) High temperature

Front 131

Relative humidity is usually at its lowest in the:

Back 131

Mid-afternoon

Front 132

As relative humidity decreases, fuel moisture:

Back 132

Decreases

Front 133

Hazards of a thunderstorm include:

Back 133

1) Strong winds
2) Lightning
3) Erratic fire behavior

Front 134

The moisture content of which type of fuel is most affected by change in relative humidity?

Back 134

Grass

Front 135

List two dangerous conditions can develop when a fire is burning in a steep narrow canyon?

Back 135

1) Fire burning on a steep narrow canyon can travel uphill rapidly and become extreme fire behavior.
2) If the fire is to hot, radiation will carry it to the other side of the canyon causing fire on the opposite side.