Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
183 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Thespis
|
first actor in Athens or hypokrites
|
|
|
festival in Athens
|
Great Dionysia
|
|
|
tragedy
|
greek for "goat song" (tragoidia)
intend to teach religious lessons |
|
|
Aristotle
|
Author of "The Poetics", he stated that tragedy originated with dithyramb and was associated with the cult of Dionysus
|
|
|
Aeshylus
|
*"The father of tragedy"
The early Greek playwright wrote the trilogy Oresteia, placed strong emphasis on spectacular effect. and wrote about men as though they were like gods. *added second actor *Agamemnon |
|
|
Euripides
|
"father of melodrama"
was not greatly appreciated during his own lifetime.His tragic characters were more human as he explored the psychological aspects of their personalities in greater depth than did other playwrights of his period. classic tragedy uses tragedy to bring questions about human values and problems Bacchae Medea Trojam women |
|
|
Herodotus
|
the author of the world histories book
|
|
|
Homer
|
2 epic poems: Iliad and Odyssey
|
|
|
new dramatic festival in Athens
|
lenaia (comedies competition)
|
|
|
the format of Old Comedy
|
1.begins with prologue
2. parados(chorus entrance song) 3.agon (verbal concept about happy idea) 4.parabasis(middle point,author's view) 5. 3-6 episodes( happy idea in use) 6. the komos(exit) |
|
|
physical parts of Greek Theatre
|
theatron(seating)
orchetra(dancing place) skene(building behing orchestra) paradoi; (entrance to orchestra) paraskenia(wings) periaktoi( painted wall near end of stage) thymele(altar) parados( entrance from the side) |
|
|
elements of Theatre
|
language
impersonation audience |
|
|
Aristophanes (funny guy)
|
He wrote comedies while other Greek Playwrights were concerning on tragedies.His Old Comedy everyday life of human beings, because life on earth was not highly imaginative and often discussed contemporary events.
*old comedy: Lysistrata didactic, direct person satire of living fantastic plot humor dirty jokes |
|
|
New Comedy
|
Hellenistic Greek and Roman comedies which deal with Romantic, or domestic situations(Menander)
restricted number of characters |
|
|
ekkyklema
|
a small trolley (taking bodies away from stage)
|
|
|
Horas(Roman)
|
he wrote "funny tidbits" (human weakness)
lyric poetry the Art of poetry-manual for writing plays the satires * he insist that play should be divided into 5 acts |
|
|
paraskenia
|
side wings of the scene house (Roman)
|
|
|
proskenion
|
fasade of the lower story(Roman)
|
|
|
pinakes
|
painted panels
|
|
|
Plato
|
The Republic (on justice and order)
just city-state and just man |
|
|
actors in Rome
|
histriones (cantores)-were rich or slaves
|
|
|
vomitoria
|
Roman. entrance and exits were made available to the audience
|
|
|
Pericles
|
first citizen of Athens
built first theatre in Dionysus -Panthenon |
|
|
structure of Greek tragedy
|
late point of attack;
violence and death off stage messengers story based on myths/history single place focus on psychological and ethical of character |
|
|
4 qualities of Greek dramas
|
perform for special occasions
competitive choral-important closely associated with religion |
|
|
components of Greek Theatre
|
chorus
music and dancing masks costumes |
|
|
dithyrambs
|
a hymn sung and danced in honor of Dionysus
|
|
|
Apollo
|
God of reason and prosperity
|
|
|
Dionysus
|
god of wine,fertility, delicious and theatre
|
|
|
periaktoi
|
3-sided scenic piece which could be revolved to show the audience 3 different scenes.
|
|
|
proscaenium
|
a wall supports the front edge of the stage(decorated)
|
|
|
Hellenism
|
the integration of Greek and Roman cultures
|
|
|
The major periods of Ancient Western theatre
|
ancient Greece: pre-classical
classical post classical Ancient Rome: early Roman age of Greek -based drama popular entertainments |
|
|
sources of info for theatre origins
|
plays fragments, records
vase remains of buildings |
|
|
this culture placed a great emphasis on spectacle than drama.English took many ideas from
|
Roman
|
|
|
Sophocles
|
this Greek playwright is credited with introducing 3 actor,cut chorus members
Aristotle considered him the most skillful of all early Greek playwrights *Oedipus Rex(killed father,married mother)-fate "The Trackers", Antigone |
|
|
Lucius Seneca
|
a follower of stoicism,his dramas were long and heavy in rhetoric.
However, his works influenced Renaissance playwrights *adviser to Nero The Trojan Women, Medea. He wrote for small indoor theatres |
|
|
Athens
|
emphasizing the importance of balanced lifestyle through the golden mean,this city/state began competition in both physical and intellectual areas
|
|
|
charlemaghe
|
the most important ruler of the early medieval time and was the head of what would later be called the Holly Roman Empire
|
|
|
Menander
|
*great --grandaddy of all situation comedies!
Although the name of 64 writers of New Comedy are known, we have only the work of this comic playwright who then served as a model for Roman comic playwrights, as well as far into the future! His scripts were concerned with the silly but ordinary happenings of everyday life "The Grouch", |
|
|
deus ex machina
|
type of machine(crane) used to show characters in flight or suspended above the earth.
(part of machinery in the 5th century) |
|
|
Plautus (Roman)
|
The most popular of all the Roman comic writers, he added the style of New Comedy to appeal to his audience.His plays have been influential on playwrights from the Shakespeare to Sondheim!
*Manaechmi (about twins) The Merchant; The Rope |
|
|
Terence
|
Brought to Rome as a slave,he may have been the first major Black playwright in the Western theatre. The populace preferred more lively entertainments, but the fact that his comedies often contained morals made him influential throughout the Medieval and Renaissance period.
|
|
|
Satyr plays
|
tragicomedia ( half-man satyrs, sexy pranks)
|
|
|
6 elements of Greek Tragedy
|
plot
character diction(language) thought spectacle music(song) |
|
|
myth
|
traditional tale,a story passed on from generation to generation
|
|
|
legend
|
traditional tales that have some basis,however tenuous in historical event(war on Troy)
|
|
|
saga
|
typically refers to long, detailed narratives involving both gods and heroes- the mix together historical and fictional elements
|
|
|
folktales
|
they deal with lesser figures of popular imagination (witches, elves,giants)
|
|
|
odyssey
|
contains elements of folklore(cannibals, magic spiel, half-human monsters)
|
|
|
Greek golden mean
|
the golden mean is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency.To the Greek mentality, it was an attribute of beauty.The Greeks believed there to be three 'ingredients' to beauty: symmetry, proportion, and harmony. This triad of principles infused their life.
|
|
|
hamartia
|
mistake or error in judgment or unwitting mistake is applied to the actions of the hero
The "tragic flaw" |
|
|
hubris
|
means extreme pride or arrogance. Hubris often indicates a loss of contact with reality and an overestimation of one's own competence, accomplishments or capabilities, especially when the person exhibiting it is in a position of power
|
|
|
catharsis
|
the emotional response to a tragedy or is the purification and purgation of emotions—especially pity and fear—through art (Aristotle) or or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration
|
|
|
Hellenistic theatre architecture
|
high raised stage( 8-13' in high); 140' long; 6 1/2' deep
proskenion- fasade of the lower story episkenion- fasade of second story |
|
|
mimes
|
Greek (could include a variety of entertainments:short plays, mimetic dance, imitation of animals, singing, acrobatics jugglers
*they never were admitted to membership in the artists of Dionysus , they did have own guilds( Mime Association and Parasites of Aplolo) * full of slapsticks |
|
|
Roman festivals
|
Ludi- honoring the Gods;
munera- special occasion; ludi romani- in honor of Jupiter ludi plebei- november |
|
|
difference between Greek and Roman theaters(physical)
|
Greek-on the hill-Roman-on the ground level
Greek-more seating: Roman-smaller Greek-circular; Roman- semi-circular Greek- not so advanced Roman-large building behind stage (machinery) |
|
|
Gnaeus Naevius
|
was a Roman epic poet and dramatist of the Old Latin period; His comedies were in the genre of Palliata Comoedia, an adaptation of Greek New Comedy. ( Atellan Farce), stock characters,current events
|
|
|
pantomime(Roman)
|
a storytelling dance( future ballet)-silence dancer accompanied by a chorus and orchestra
|
|
|
atellan farce
|
short
served as exodia (after piece to regular drama) rural stttings subject matter: cheating, fighting, sexual exploits, gluttony |
|
|
Vitruvius
|
author of De Architectura(15B.C.),this Roman architect described precisely how to lay out a theatre structure
|
|
|
Livius Andronicus
|
greek slave ,lived in Rome.wrote comedy.translated Homer into Latin
|
|
|
scaenae frons
|
is the elaborately decorated background of a Roman theatre stage
|
|
|
Roman theatre building
|
scaene-roofed house at the back stage
scaenae frons- the front wall of scaena pulpitum-stage versurae-wings of the stage w/ entrance cavea- large round auditorium w/seats orchestra- place in front of pulpitum(actors or rich people seats) |
|
|
Dante
|
epic trilogy "Comedia" and "Divine comedy"
|
|
|
stoicism
|
be unemotional and trust that the universe has a plan
|
|
|
why Christians targeted the theatre?
|
it was associated with pagan gods
mimes offended church leaders mimes often ridiculed Christian's practices(baptism, sacrament bread and wine eating,drinking) |
|
|
miracle plays
|
from the medieval period, this type of plays is based on the life and legends of saints
|
|
|
medieval period
|
this lengthy period of human history is characterized by its emphasis on the "afterlife" rather than the everyday life of human beings, highly imaginative and often discussed contemporary events
|
|
|
morality plays
|
this type of plays is based upon the conflict of abstractions and ideas.Human virtues and vices are often personified as characters in this type of play.
didactic allegories, common man's struggle for salvation, to teach the lesson * "Everyman" |
|
|
feast of fools
|
allowed the lesser clergy to ridicule their superior and routine of church life; influenced the development of comedy both in religious and secular plays
|
|
|
vernacular plays
|
subject of matter-bible, legends about biblical figures and saints
|
|
|
mystery plays
|
about Christ (Old Testament)
|
|
|
medieval secular plays staging
|
mansions-scenic unit;individual house or locale( available places such as courtyards, town squares) and pageant wagons
|
|
|
Liturgical drama or religious drama
|
Quem quaeritis (Visit to the tomb)- the oldest extant example of liturgical drama
The Quem Quaeritis? was an exchange of one question, one answer, and one command between the Angels at Christ's tomb and the three Marys, the Virgin Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Mary, the sister of Lazarus. (oldest extant example of a trope) |
|
|
non liturgical drama
|
early medieval religious drama not specifically written for performance within the Mass or Hours service
|
|
|
dark ages
|
(middle ages) the time after fall of Roman Empire and Renaissance
|
|
|
corpus christi
|
a Christian feast day, or solemnity which honors the Body (corpus) of Christ (Christi)
|
|
|
Horsvitha
|
a nun at Gandersheim in northern Germany in late 900's,she wrote 6 plays modeled on certain Roman's comedies but she used religious subjects
|
|
|
interlude
|
a secular play (indoors) for noble,school:might be religious,farcical, historical
* give rise for professional actor in between of the part of event |
|
|
Hell mouth
|
head of the monster,represented as intrance to hell
|
|
|
journee
|
part of the play ,separated by intermissions(1 to 24 hours)
|
|
|
tournaments, mummings, disguising
|
used visual symbolism, combats, elaborate processions, banquets, sword dances, (one character always should die and doctor will bring to life with grotesque device; costume carnival with songs from house to house
|
|
|
chamber of rhetoric
|
they compose and perform answers in the form of allegorical dramas.Until 16century-theological messages,then in Spain turned to less controversial themes.After 1625-replaced by professional companies
|
|
|
sotties and sermons joyeux
|
variations of farce in France
|
|
|
mummer's plays
|
were perform during Christmas time with father Christmas as master of ceremonies ("presenter")
|
|
|
Renaissance
|
this period of history,which began in the 1300s is characterized by its emphasis on humanism and individualism. The Italian poet Petrarch is considered the first great advocate of this world view
|
|
|
humanism
|
a return to concern for the worth of humanity and earthy life,not merely as preparation for eternity but as valuable in themselves
|
|
|
Henry VIII
|
break with Roman Catholic Church.Protestant reform
good education,married 6x |
|
|
Tudor drama-humanist influenced
|
earliest Tudor comedy- Ralph Roister Doister by Nicholas Udall
first English play with complex plot -Damon and Pythias by Richard Edwards |
|
|
Mary I ("Bloody Mary")
|
daughter of Henry VIII-first English Queen for over 400years,return to Catholitism
married to king of Spain (unhappy) |
|
|
Mary,Queen of Scots
|
executed by Elizabeth I (Philip I,King of Spain) launched Spanish Armada
son-James I(who will became the king after Elizabeth's death) |
|
|
Elizabeth I
|
daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn ."Golden Age in English history".
|
|
|
Edward VI-the only son of Henry VIII by 3rd wife
|
loved art,built hospitals: died at age 15
|
|
|
The Stuarts
|
James I- son of Mary,Queen of Scots. 5 kids with Ann of Denmark;
educated,published few books: King James Bible |
|
|
The Stuarts
|
Charles I-son of James I; had problems with parliament; collected arts;
executed,nickname " Martyr King" he believed in the divine right of kings. |
|
|
The Stuarts
|
Charles II, son of Charles I; after father's execution,lived in France,Germany.Tried to raise an army. Return back to England after son of Cromwell refused take throne. 2 major events: Great Plague of London and Great Fire
under him parliamentary government began to develop the party system |
|
|
The Stuarts
|
James II-son of Charles I; he wanted bring England back to Roman Catholicism; Issued a Declaration of Indulgence removing restrictions imposed on those who did not confirm to the Church of England
|
|
|
William III and Mary II
|
mother-daughter of Charles I. married to Mary(daughter of James II)
his reign marked the transition from personal government to parliament government. |
|
|
Anne I
|
daughter of James II;
liked music and literature on March 10, 1707 the Act of Union between Scotland and England and Great Britain came into being |
|
|
The University of Wits
|
(1580th) a group of educated men, who turned to writing for public stage.The most important: John Lyly (plays for boys- pastoral comedies)and Christopher Marlowe((Dr.Faustus), Robert Greene(about resourceful heroines )
They blend classical and medieval devices with compelling stories.Influenced Shakespeare! |
|
|
Thomas Kyd
|
Spanish Tragedy(murder and revenge)
|
|
|
W.Shakespeare
|
The greatest dramatist of all time. Globe Theatre, Blackfriars playhouse, Chamberlain's Men shareholder.He wrote only tragedies and tragicomedies. he borrowed stories from many sources(history, mythology, legends, fiction, other plays), reworked them until they became his own.
|
|
|
Ben Jonson
|
Of this Elizabethan's 28 plays, his comedies are best known.He concentrates upon the foibles of his Characters,such as greed in Volpone.He was even more popular when James I took over the English Throne.
|
|
|
Christopher Marlowe
|
He was the first significant dramatist to emerge in the Elizabethan period. His verse and subject matter, as well as his dramatic technique influence Shakespeare. Little known of his personal life, except he died after been stabbed in the eye during a barroom brawl
|
|
|
Thomas Middleton
|
wrote or collaborated on at least 24 plays, covering a range of moods and subjects second in diversity only to Shakespeare's. "A trick to catch the old one", "women beware women"
|
|
|
Elizabethan plays are
|
early point of attack and follow a chronological organization with all important episodes shown on stage. Moral order with free will ,responsible for making choices.
|
|
|
John Webster
|
The Jacobean dramatist.His plays are admired for their well-drawn characters and powerful poetry, but criticized for the obscurity of their action. he raises important issues without illuminating them.
The Duchess of Malfi. |
|
|
John Ford
|
"Tis Pity She's whore"-Caroline drama (affair between brother and sister).
|
|
|
Jacobean dramas (from James I to Charles I)
|
increasing cynicism and doubt. Tragicomedies more popular than tragedies, Significant insights or complex characterization
|
|
|
Lord Of Chamberlain
|
responsible for all royal household affairs
|
|
|
Master of Revels
|
the official responsible for the monarch's entertainment (served under the Lord Of Chamberlain. granted a special commission to license all plays ( Sir Henry Herbert)
|
|
|
The Queen's men
|
all-star company perform for the queen,had monopoly to play within the city of London. practice of dividing into two units by using a copy of its license. Raised standard for acting
|
|
|
The King's Men
|
former Chamberlain co. actors were well off. they were most affluent of the companies. Shakespeare was their fellow player
|
|
|
The Blackfriars Boys
|
also known as Children of Chapel, or Chapel Boys.
they were favorite of Queen Anne who gave the privilege of not having its plays licensed by the Master of Revel |
|
|
Richard Burbage
|
leading player of the King's men
|
|
|
public theatre
|
open air theatre: The Theatre; The Swan; The Rose; The Globe; The Fortune;The Hope;The Red Bull
|
|
|
James Burbage
|
built The Theatre. Outside of city limits.Large,polygon shape,3 levels of roofed audience galleries
|
|
|
The Globe Theatre
|
twenty-sided structure; Shakespeare played there!
|
|
|
private theatres
|
smaller, roofed, occupied existing buildings, more expensive: first Black friers,Second Black Friers;The Cockpit; Salisbury Court;
The Blackfriers- under direct control of the crown,but exempt from city regulations |
|
|
Indigo Jones
|
is the first significant British architect of the early modern period, and the first to employ Vitruvian rules of proportion and symmetry in his buildings.
He made major contributions to stage design by his work as theatrical designer for several dozen masques, most by royal command and many in collaboration with Ben Jonson. |
|
|
Inn-Yards
|
The actors started performing their plays in the courtyards of inns, or taverns, called 'Inn-yards'
|
|
|
the Inns of Court in London
|
are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales.
|
|
|
Oliver Cromwell
|
English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, Ireland. He believed that God was guiding his victories. Considered as "genocidal ruler". Gave death warrant to Charles I. Ruled for 5 years. dismantled Absolute Monarchy.
|
|
|
Magna Carta
|
The declaration of the legal principle: king was a subject to the law,not above it.2 parts: position of the Catholic Church in England.Second: England's legal system
|
|
|
The Restoration of English monarchy
|
started when English,Scottish and Irish monarchies were restored under Charles II. Strict puritanism rejected.
|
|
|
Jacobean drama
|
Jonson, Webster, Middleton,Ford: forgetting the deep meaning of life strove for the effect by increasing the sensationalism of the plays: tragedy of blood and thunder,immoral situations,revenge plays
|
|
|
The Commonwealth
|
Period when England, Ireland and Scotland were ruled as a republic,following the end of the second civil war and trial/execution of Charles I
|
|
|
Rump Parliament
|
rump parliament" has been used to refer to any parliament left over from the actual legitimate parliament; exercised both executive and legislative powers; Rump passed a number of acts in the areas of religion, law, and finance
|
|
|
The Levellers
|
were a political movement during the English Civil War which emphasized popular sovereignty, extended suffrage, equality before the law, and religious tolerance, all of which were expressed in the manifesto "Agreement of the People".
|
|
|
The House of Commons of England
|
was the lower house of the Parliament of England;
was replaced by the House of Commons of Great Britain. |
|
|
James I and Charles I (Stuarts)
|
The first two Stuart monarchs, James I and Charles I, provoked conflicts with the Commons over issues such as taxation, religion, and royal powers.
|
|
|
The Glorious Revolution
|
also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending of the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England.
|
|
|
The Bill of Rights
|
is an Act of the Parliament of England passed on 16 December 1689; Declaration of Right presented by the Convention Parliament to William and Mary in March 1689 (or 1688 by Old Style dating), inviting them to become joint sovereigns of England;
It lays down limits on the powers of the crown and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament, the requirement for regular elections to Parliament and the right to petition the monarch without fear of retribution. |
|
|
Aphra Behn
|
one of the women writers and one of the first English professional female writers. Her greatest dramatic success was The Rover (1677).
|
|
|
Restoration Comedies
|
refers to English comedies written and performed in the Restoration period from 1660 to 1710. Comedy of manners is used as a synonym of Restoration comedy
|
|
|
The comedy of manners
|
is an entertainment form which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class or of multiple classes, often represented by stereotypical stock characters
|
|
|
Lope De Vega
|
was a Spanish playwright and poet; He was one of the key figures in the Spanish Golden Century Baroque literature; one of the most prolific authors in the history of literature. Lope's most celebrated plays belong to the class called capa y espada ("cloak and dagger"), where the plots are chiefly love intrigues along with affairs of honor, most commonly involving the petty nobility of medieval Spain. Fuenteovejuna-play about villagers who killed tyran
|
|
|
The classical unities, Aristotelian unities
|
The unity of action: a play should have one main action that it follows, with no or few subplots.
The unity of place: a play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography, nor should the stage represent more than one place. The unity of time: the action in a play should take place over no more than 24 hours. |
|
|
Neoclassicism
|
the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome.
|
|
|
The Age of Enlightenment
|
simply the Enlightenment or Age of Reason; a cultural movement of intellectuals beginning in the late 17th- and 18th-century Europe emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition
|
|
|
Rococo
|
less commonly roccoco, also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century artistic movement and style, which affected several aspects of the arts including painting, sculpture, architecture, interior design, decoration, literature, music and theatre.
|
|
|
The Baroque
|
is a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, and music. The style began around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe.
|
|
|
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio
|
was an Italian artist active in Rome, Naples, Malta, and Sicily; His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque school of painting
|
|
|
Pedro Calderón
|
a dramatist, poet and writer of the Spanish Golden Age; his work being regarded as the culmination of the Spanish Baroque theatre. As such, he is regarded as one of Spain's foremost dramatists and one of the finest playwrights of world literature. Life Is a Dream-a philosophical allegory regarding the human situation and the mystery of life
|
|
|
Spanish Golden Age theatre
|
increase in the production; secular and religious dramas;
|
|
|
Commedia dell’arte
|
a form of theatre characterized by masked “types” which began in Italy in the 16th century and was responsible for the advent of the actresses and improvised performances based on sketches or scenarios.The characters of the commedia usually fixed social types, stock characters
|
|
|
Carnival
|
is a festive season which occurs immediately before Lent;Carnival typically involves a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus, mask and public street party.
|
|
|
Teatro Farnese
|
the first permanent proscenium theater; is a Baroque-style theatre in Parma, Italy; It was built in 1618 by Giovanni Battista Aleotti
|
|
|
A proscenium
|
is the area of a theatre surrounding the stage opening. A proscenium arch is the arch over this area.
|
|
|
The Teatro Olimpico
|
one of only three Renaissance theaters remaining in existence.;
is a theater in Vicenza, northern Italy; design by the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio and was not completed until after his death. |
|
|
Vincenzo Scamozzi
|
was a Venetian architect and a writer on architecture,; Scamozzi depended for sections of his treatment of Vitruvius
"The Idea of Universal Architecture" |
|
|
Marcus Vitruvius Pollio
|
best known for his multi-volume work entitled De Architectura.
|
|
|
Leon Battista Alberti
|
was an Italian author, artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist, philosopher, cryptographer and general Renaissance humanist polymath.
Della pittura-scientific content on classical optics in determining perspective as a geometric instrument of artistic and architectural representation. |
|
|
Catherine de' Medici
|
patronage of the arts made a significant contribution to the French Renaissance; Catherine became one of the great art collectors of the Renaissance
|
|
|
16th-century French theatre
|
public theatre remained largely tied to its long medieval heritage of mystery plays, morality plays, farces, and soties, although the miracle play was no longer in vogue
|
|
|
Hôtel de Bourgogne
|
was the name of a former Parisian theatre building; It was the most important French theatre prior to the 17th century and continued to be used as a theatre until 1783.
|
|
|
Renaissance
|
is a French word, whose literal translation into English is "Rebirth"
|
|
|
Giovanni Boccaccio
|
was an Italian author, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and important Renaissance humanist. Boccaccio wrote a number of notable works, including the Decameron and On Famous Women. As a poet who wrote in the Italian vernacular, Boccaccio is particularly noted for his realistic dialogue, which differed from that of his contemporaries, medieval writers who usually followed formulaic models for character and plot.
|
|
|
Humanist tragedy
|
took two distinct directions;
1. Biblical tragedy : plots taken from the bible 2.Ancient tragedy : plots taken from mythology or history Contemporary tragedy : plots taken from recent events |
|
|
Alexandre Hardy
|
was a French dramatist, one of the most prolific of all time. He claimed to have written some six hundred plays, but only thirty-four are extant.
|
|
|
Miguel de Cervantes
|
was a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright. His magnum opus, Don Quixote, considered to be the first modern European novel;
La Numancia-play |
|
|
cardinal-duc de Richelieu
|
was a French clergyman, noble and statesman;
he founded the Académie Française; |
|
|
French Academy
|
is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language;
It is the oldest of the five académies of the Institut de France. |
|
|
Louis XIII
|
was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1610 to 1643;
The reign of Louis "the Just" was also marked by the struggles against Huguenots and Habsburg Spain; Louis XIII married Anne of Austria, daughter of Philip III of Spain |
|
|
Louis XIV
|
known as Louis the Great or the Sun King ;
His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of monarchs of major countries in European history; |
|
|
The Palace of Versailles
|
is a royal château in Versailles;
Versailles is a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. |
|
|
(Royal Opera of Versailles
|
is the main theatre and opera house of the Palace of Versailles
|
|
|
Jean-Baptiste Lully
|
was a French composer who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France. He is considered the chief master of the French baroque style. Lully disavowed any Italian influence in French music of the period;
Lully created French-style opera as a musical genre |
|
|
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known by his stage name Molière
|
was a French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature;The Misanthrope;Tartuffe or the Hypocrite;
|
|
|
Pierre Corneille
|
was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine. He has been called “the founder of French tragedy” and produced plays for nearly forty years.( . Le Cid -The Lord-tragicomedia with main theme-conflict between love and duty)
|
|
|
Jules Mazarin
|
was an Italian Catholic cardinal, diplomat, and politician, who served as the chief minister of France from 1642 until his death
|
|
|
Jean Racine
|
was a French dramatist, one of the three great playwrights of 17th-century France (along with Molière and Corneille)- Racine was primarily a tragedian, producing such "examples of neoclassical perfection-Andromaque;
Racine's dramaturgy is marked by his psychological insight, the prevailing passion of his characters, and the nakedness of both the plot and stage. |
|
|
The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
|
was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence, both directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants), during the French Wars of Religion
|
|
|
The French Wars of Religion
|
is the name of a period of civil infighting and military operations, primarily fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots).
|
|
|
Mannerism
|
is a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520;
Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo. |
|
|
neoclassical ideal of the play
|
the "unities,"; of action, place, and time;
the verisimilitude- forbiden supernatural;goal-to teach decorum:behave within your class purity of genre-do not mix tragedy and comedy |
|
|
very specific rules for France
|
1. no onstage deaths
2. never leave stage empty 3.all characters of the play appear in the first act |
|
|
difference between tragedy and melodrama
|
The presence of a happy ending is one of the key points that distinguishes melodrama from tragedy
|
|
|
cycles plays
|
There are four complete or nearly complete extant English biblical collections of plays from the late medieval period;
|
|
|
Nicola Sabbatini
|
was an Italian architect of the Baroque.
Angle wings: flat panels at the sides of the stage, which were turned like pages in a book Sliding shutters, which were moved on grooves in the floor Roller curtains: the scene unrolled from above, over a previous one; Portcullis: sliding flat scene that rose rapidly from underneath the stage using counterweights |
|
|
Sebastiano Serlio
|
he wrote first important work to combine both classical and Renaissance architectural principles. His book discusses perspective scenery and, with its publication across Europe, this Italian style scenery was to became standard practice after the mid 1400
|
