Final(4)

Front 1

1. The shallowest portion of the ocean is found
along the margins of continents in regions
termed ____________.
a. ocean shallows
b. continental rises
c. continental slopes
d. abyssal plains
e. continental shelves

Back 1

e. continental shelves

Front 2

2. Ocean basins are the result of ____________.
a. thicker and denser basaltic crust that makes
up the basin.
b. thinner layers of sediment in the basin.
c. metamorphism of oceanic volcanic rocks.
d. thermal erosion of the basin underside.
e. thicker and lighter continental crust
surrounding the basin.

Back 2

e. thicker and lighter continental crust
surrounding the basin.

Front 3

3. Ocean waves are for the most part
____________.
a. produced by the Coriolis Effect.
b. produced by storms.
c. produced by tides.
d. produced by earthquakes
e. produced by volcanism.

Back 3

b. produced by storms

Front 4

4. The tides on Earth ____________.
a. are affected by Sun’s gravitational pull.
b. produce local sea-level changes up to 50
feet daily.
c. are affected by Moon’s gravitational pull.
d. are in some places a single daily cycle, in
others two daily cycles.
e. all choices are correct.

Back 4

e. produced by volcanism.

Front 5

5. A river’s discharge is
a. the loss of water to ground infiltration.
b. the cross-section of the river.
c. the volume of water passing a point on the
river per unit time.
d. the depth of the river.
e. the velocity of the river.

Back 5

c. the volume of water passing a point on the
river per unit time.

Front 6

6. Meanders migrate by
a. the raising of sea-level
b. erosion of the outside of each curve and
deposition on the inside of each curve
c. the lowering of sea-level
d. flooding cycles
e. erosion of the inside of each curve and
deposition on the outside of each curve

Back 6

b. erosion of the outside of each curve and
deposition on the inside of each curve

Front 7

7. Sediment is transported by streams as
a. suspended fine sediment from erosion
b. a bed load of coarse sediment from erosion
that bounces and rolls along.
c. none of the three choices are correct
d. dissolved ions from weathering.
e. all of the three choices are correct

Back 7

e. all of the three choices are correct

Front 8

8. As a rule, groundwater always flows from
areas ____________.
a. of high pressure to low pressure
b. near streams to areas beneath mountain
ranges
c. of greater elevation to those of lesser
elevation
d. that are wet to those that are dry
e. of low pressure to high pressure

Back 8

a. of high pressure to low pressure

Front 9

9. River meanders often migrate or shift in
unconfined conditions (no artificial levees)
a. up to a mile a month
b. up to a mile in a hundred years
c. up to a mile in a thousand years
d. up to a ten miles in a hundred years
e. up to a mile in 10,000 years

Back 9

d. up to a ten miles in a hundred years

Front 10

10. Natural hot springs ____________.
a. are tourist attractions where water is heated
by man-made devices.
b. are always safe to drink, wash clothes, bath,
even do all at the same time.
c. sometimes occur when faults allow heated
groundwater rapid access to the surface
regardless of the presence of igneous
activity.
d. must occur around areas of active igneous
activity and high rainfall.
e. are confined to the western United States and
other areas of active tectonics.

Back 10

c. sometimes occur when faults allow heated
groundwater rapid access to the surface

Front 11

11. The most direct cause of all mass movements is:
a. heavy rains
b. volcanism
c. poorly designed construction
d. gravity
e. earthquakes

Back 11

d. gravity

Front 12

12. Pumping vast quantities of water locally
____________.
a. lowers the local water table, forming a
opening downward cone-shaped depression
b. can cause the local ground surface to rise.
c. raises the local water table
d. simply causes water to replace it from
lateral sources in the aquifer
e. lowers the local water table, forming a
opening upwards cone-shaped depression

Back 12

e. lowers the local water table, forming a
opening upwards cone-shaped depression

Front 13

13. What percentage of seawater, on average,
consists of dissolved salt ions?
a. 0.35%
b. 13.5%
c. 3.5%
d. 35%
e. 135%

Back 13

c. 3.5%

Front 14

14. The recharge area for the Baton Rouge aquifers
is:
a. to the north, 100 miles or more, in
Mississippi.
b. to the south, 100 miles or more, along the
Gulf Coast.
c. northern parts of the parish, about 25 miles
away.
d. to the west, as far as the Rocky Mountains of
New Mexico.
e. in southern parts of the parish, about 25
miles away.

Back 14

a. to the north, 100 miles or more, in
Mississippi.

Front 15

15. Streams radiating away from a central area might
be the result of
a. drainage off a fault
b. drainage off an anticline
c. drainage off a volcano
d. drainage into a basin
e. drainage into a syncline

Back 15

c. drainage off a volcano

Front 16

16. Good groundwater may be a non-renewable
resource because ____________.
a. it comes from underground like oil and gas.
b. of the global invasion of aquifers by
sea-water.
c. recharge and flow rates are typically so
slow that overpumping creates long-term
(100s of years) problems.
d. of whining liberal professors that cry about
everything anyway.
e. there is so much of it we don’t need to
worry about ever using it all.

Back 16

c. recharge and flow rates are typically so
slow that overpumping creates long-term
(100s of years) problems.

Front 17

17. The topography of the water table
____________.
a. is affected by rainfall and surface
topography.
b. affected only by rainfall and stream-runoff
c. precisely mimics the topography of the
ground surface
d. is an exaggerated (more steeply sloping)
mimic of surface topography
e. is always a horizontal plane.

Back 17

a. is affected by rainfall and surface
topography.

Front 18

18. Which factor(s) reduce the risk of mass
movement?
a. planting on slopes
b. removing the base of a slope
c. irrigating on slopes
d. constructing on slopes
e. all choices are correct

Back 18

a. planting on slopes

Front 19

19. Geological creep produces
a. ugly, but not dangerous, rock formations
b. gradual drying of the soil
c. many fatalities every year
d. gradual cracking of building foundations
e. oddly deformed and scary-looking rocks

Back 19

d. gradual cracking of building foundations

Front 20

20. The likely next delta of the Mississippi River will
be the
a. Saint Bernard
b. Atchafalaya
c. Plaquemine
d. Jefferson
e. Sabine

Back 20

b. Atchafalaya

Front 21

21. The average depth below sea level of the ocean
floor is about ____________.
a. 450 m
b. 8 km
c. 2.5 km
d. 4.5 km
e. 1000 m

Back 21

d. 4.5 km

Front 22

22. Small crescent-shaped fractures or cracks at the
top of a hill result from
a. debris flows
b. Avalanches
c. Landslides
d. Slumping
e. Mud-flows

Back 22

d. Slumping

Front 23

23. Baton Rouge is notable in the Mississippi River
drainage system because
a. it is the last point at which any significant
water enters the river
b. to the south only bayous draining away from
the river occur
c. it is the last place an older upland terrace is
found along the river
d. all choices are correct
e. the Huey Long Bridge blocks ocean ship
naviation to the north

Back 23

d. all choices are correct

Front 24

24. Braided streams
a. have flowing water either
episodically or during a portion
of the year
b. consist of a series of intertwined
channels overloaded with sediment
c. are those that divert flow from
streams they have intersected
through stream erosion
d. are another name for meandering streams
e. have a channel that is highly sinuous (curvy)

Back 24

b. consist of a series of intertwined
channels overloaded with sediment

Front 25

25. Depletion of the aquifers beneath Houston
resulted in ____________.
a. it being call the “Atlantis” of the Gulf of
Mexico.
b. people drinking seawater instead.
c. a reduction of the ground surface by up to
ten feet in about 300 years -- down to
nearly sealevel..
d. An inflation of the land surface, creating a
better place to build a city.
e. a reduction of the ground surface by up to
ten feet in just thirty years -- down to
nearly sealevel.

Back 25

e. a reduction of the ground surface by up to
ten feet in just thirty years -- down to
nearly sealevel.

Front 26

26. The ancestral (millions of years ago) Amazon
River
a. was ten times larger
b. was a small bayou
c. was remarkably similar to today’s in most
aspects.
d. is the mythical river of life in Nordic folklore
e. flowed from east to west -- opposite of
todays drainage

Back 26

e. flowed from east to west -- opposite of
todays drainage

Front 27

27. Submarine mass movements are:
a. Sometimes of enormous scale -- 100s
kilometers
b. isolated to only deepwater trenches
c. none of these choices are correct
d. Much smaller that subaerial ones because of
the drag-friction of water
e. Not possible because there is no gravity
underwater.

Back 27

a. Sometimes of enormous scale -- 100s
kilometers

Front 28

28. Landslide hazards are common to:
a. The mountains of Arkansas.
b. Areas adjacent to rivers, even in Louisiana.
c. Areas adjacent to faults
d. all choices are correct
e. The Rocky Mountains.

Back 28

d. all choices are correct

Front 29

29. The angle of repose for dry sediment is typically
a. 20-30 degrees
b. 4-8 degrees
c. 8-19 degrees
d. 2-4 degrees
e. 30-40 degrees

Back 29

e. 30-40 degrees

Front 30

30. The density of seawater increases with
____________.
a. none of these choices are the primary
variables
b. decreasing temperature and decreasing
salinity
c. increasing temperature and increasing
salinity
d. increasing temperature and decreasing
salinity
e. decreasing temperature and increasing
salinity

Back 30

e. decreasing temperature and increasing
salinity

Front 31

31. Permeability of sands allow groundwater to
move at ____________.
a. kilometers per day
b. decimeters per day
c. centemeters per day
d. millimeters per day
e. meters per day

Back 31

e. meters per day

Front 32

32. These coupled processes account for the
relative young ages of oceanic crust on Earth.
a. reduced radioactive decay and thermal
contraction
b. faulting and folding
c. hot spot plumes and volcanism
d. gravitational contraction and tidal friction
e. subduction and sea-floor spreading

Back 32

e. subduction and sea-floor spreading

Front 33

33. The famous Cubit Brothers of the 19th century
lower Mississippi River are known for
a. building the levees that would eventually
spare Louisiana from the great flood of 1927.
b. digging a shortcut though the natural levee to
their oyster beds, thus covering them with a
flood of river sediment destroying the beds.
c. their daring as river boat pilots, often
shooting the rapids at Baton Rouge in their
haste to get home to New Orleans for fresh
gumbo.
d. the first use of an unusual modern art style
that was the product of mud slung against the
side of passing river boats.
e. the invention of Cubits Cube, which first
appeared at the World’s Fair of 1884.

Back 33

b. digging a shortcut though the natural levee to
their oyster beds, thus covering them with a
flood of river sediment destroying the beds.

Front 34

34. Abyssal plains are
a. the most common topography of all
planetary surfaces.
b. large continental areas of low rainfall.
c. large areas adjacent to major rivers that
frequently flood.
d. large areas of the Moon and Mars scoured
by great floods.
e. the typical topography of the ocean floor.

Back 34

e. the typical topography of the ocean floor.

Front 35

35. The base-level of a stream could be
a. a lake
b. a dam
c. the ocean
d. a resistant ridge
e. all choices are correct

Back 35

e. all choices are correct

Front 36

36. Karst is primarily the result of ____________.
a. tectonics.
b. groundwater dissolution and precipitation
of silica minerals.
c. groundwater dissolution and precipitation
of calcium carbonate.
d. volcanism.
e. mechanical erosion by streams.

Back 36

c. groundwater dissolution and precipitation
of calcium carbonate.

Front 37

37. Which type of continental coastline features an
abrupt dropoff to 1000s of meters in water
depth?
a. passive continental margins
b. interior continental rift zones
c. transform faulted plate margins
d. young rifted continental margins
e. subducted oceanic plate margins

Back 37

e. subducted oceanic plate margins

Front 38

38. A flat-lying, but elevated plain adjacent to a river
might be
a. a meander scar
b. a river bar
c. a flood plain
d. a terrace
e. the base level

Back 38

d. a terrace

Front 39

39. Mass movements are characterized by:
a. rate of movement
b. medium (air, hot gas, or water)
c. all of these are correct
d. subaerial or submarine
e. type of material

Back 39

c. all of these are correct

Front 40

40. Hard water results from relatively high
concentrations of dissolved ____________.
a. arsenic
b. iron
c. potassium
d. sodium
e. calcium

Back 40

e. calcium