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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Employer Hiring Practice
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HR manages recruitment process, Hiring manager of the department decides who to hire
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Employers most valued skill sets (5)
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Communication skills
- teamwork -analytical -strong work ethic - problem solving skills |
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80/20 Rule
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- 80% of job openings are never advertised to public
- spend 20% of your time on job postings, and 80% of your time networking |
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Elevator Pitch
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if in an elevator with someone, the short conversation to sell yourself and network
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Impression Management
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Body Language
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4 main causes of unemployment
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1. Structural Unemployment
2. Cyclical unemployment 3. Seasonal unemployment 4. Frictional unemployment |
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Structural Unemployment
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decline in demand in an industry, changes in patterns of trade
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Cyclical unemployment
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lack of demand for goods and services (recession)
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Seasonal Unemployment
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tourism, retail,
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Frictional Unemployment
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people moving between jobs, or first time in job market (students)
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Workers with Job Search Challenges
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Youth, New Immigrants, Disability, Older Worker
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Formal Job Search
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looking at ads, applications
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Informal job search methods
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asking personal contacts and people in network.
most commonly used and most effective |
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Fountain research on finding a job in the internet age. (2)
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1. unemployed internet searchers different from non internet searchers
---> internet searchers have more human capital 2. does the internet help people find jobs? ----> at first yes, after no. |
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Social Network
--> Strength of ties |
personal set of relationships among people who are linked or tied to eachother
---> family members, emotional tie ---> weaker are acquaintance or friend of friend |
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Social Capital
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positive outcome from a social network. The size, structure, resources of the members.
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Homophily
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tendency of individuals to prefer to interact with other like themselves.
--> informal recruiting promotes discrimination, employers hire workers who are like themselves. |
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Domestic Labor
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activities essential to maintaining and reproducing individuals, families, and their residences.
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Rlationship of Paid and Unpaid Domestic Labor
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If no means to production, must sell labor. both processes are interdependent and indispensable.
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Meg Luxton - Labor of Love
- domestic labor has 2 components - Integral Tasks (3) |
- 1. meeting household needs
- 2. producing labor power ---> 1, housework (cooking, cleaning, home maintenance 2. childbearing and childrearing, (having and raising children) 3. Consumption work (making ends meet, money managment) |
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Housework
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Work done in the house,
-Easier with industrialization - Richer households have more housework tasks, and may do more of their own labor - colored people who dont hav emoney are working so much they dont have time for their own domestic labor |
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Childrearing
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Childrearing is much more intensive today then in the past.
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Hays - Childrearing is guided by 3 societal beliefs
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1. mothers should be central caregivers
2. Kids come first 3. Child-rearing is more important than paid work |
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Intensive Mothering
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childrearing is child centered, expert guided, emotionaly absorbing, labor intensive, and financially expensive.
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Modern Day Slavery
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Human trafficking
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Project Seclusion
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national Human Trafficking Threat Assessment , outlines current state of human Trafficking in Canada
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Project Lookout
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Crime grant, to the OPP to examine Human trafficking
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Human Trafficking
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involves the recruitment, harboring, and control of movement of persons for the purpose of exploitation
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Human Smuggling
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Choice to be snuck into a another country or region
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Bill C-36
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Prostitution Law Reform
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The Game
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The business of prostitution
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Stable
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number of "ho's" working for the pimp
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The Track
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the corner or street of prostitutes
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Knocking
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grooming a woman for the sex trade. (physical or emotional abuse, sexual assault
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Choozy Suzy
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choosing another pimp through eye contact
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3 phases of "The Game"
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1. Recruitment and Luring
2. Isolation 3. Control and Exploitation |
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Mack Daddy
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zero violence, only mental manipulation
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Gorilla Pimp
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violent pimp, fear and intimidation for control
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Addicted Based Pimp
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uses drug addiction to control stable
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Standard Employment Relationship
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40 hours a week, 1 employer, year round, work on work premise
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De Jure Employer
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Legal employer
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De Facto Employer
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employer in practice (contracted, control the work)
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Non-Standard Job
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Part-Time, On-Call, Temp, self employed
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Externalization
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moving aspects of employment outside the organization, to increase organizational flexibility rather than stability
- Nonstandard Work |
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READING: Kalleberg Nonstandard (precarious, contingent labor)
- measure 3 dimensions -findings |
1. Earnings,
2. Access to Healthcare 3. Access to Pensions - worse than standard jobs, but quality of nonstandard varies |
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Rise of Nonstandard Work (4)
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1. Rise of women in Workforce
2. Reduces Employment Cost 3. Rise of Service Sector 4. Globalization |
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Why do Employers hire nonstandard workers (4)
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maximize efiiciency and reduce cost
numerical flexibility (hire and fire) Fill labor shortage Screening strategy |
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READING: Cranford - Precarious Work is gendered
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- quantitative study
- Continuum --> Full-time permanent (least precarious [men]) --> Full-time temporary (more prevalent for men ---> Part-Time permanent (more likely women ---> Part-Time Temp (most women |
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4 types of temp work
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seasonal
contract (term) Casual Other mostly younger, or women |
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2 types of self employment
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Self Employed employer
--> you are owner and people work below you Own Account Self Employed --> work by yourself no people behind you |
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What is a profession?
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High Social Status
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What is a profession?
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- hall mark traits -Power -govern,ent recognition -folk concept |
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Hallmark Traits/Characteristic Approach
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things you need to have a profession,
-functionlist |
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Power Approach
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professionals have significant power over social influence
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Government Recognition
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government legislation = profession
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Folk Concept
--> 3 processes occupations went through to obtain professional status |
1. Social Closure
--> establish schools and formal education to limit access ---> seek government legislation 2. Social campaigns/movements --> tell government they have the solution 3. obtain legislation --> need to gain some formal legislation |
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Man's Experience in Female Dominated Profession
Glass Escalator |
- in depth interviews
- men have positive experience, only negative from public |
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Intra Professional Conflict
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Within occupation conflict
Chinese Medicine, hard for them to convince public to be a profession |
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Women's Experience in Male Dominated Profression
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Glass Ceiling
--> women and minorities are locked into the bottom of hierarchy. can se top but cant get it. |
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Inter Profesional Conflict
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across occupation conflict
- occurs when professionals overlap in markets |
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Professionalization
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is the process through which an occupational group organize and raise social status, privilege, power
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Service Work (2)
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produce and consume at same time
- workers selling presentation of themselves as well as labor power |
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Service Work Common characteristics (4)
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1. emotional labor
2. required to please employer and customer 3. often involve dirty work 4. tends to be non-standard work |
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Emotional Labor
- Surface vs. Deep -employers |
Surface
--> acting a certain way Deep --> try to internalize way you are acting employers --> use emotional labor to alienate and control worker --> gendered |
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Assymetry of Respect
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expected to respect employer and customer but nothing in return
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READING: Domestic Workers
-International Transfer of Caretaking (3 tier) |
- Racial division of reproductive labor
- 1. middle class women 2. migrant fillipinas 3. filipina workers in Phillipines |
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White Collar Work
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- office based work, suits
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Trends that lead to white collar work (3)
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increase in white collar jobs
- bureaucratization - Rationalization |
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Clerical Work
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administrative
-least amount of education needed for white collar -female dominated Emotional Labor |
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Electronic Panopticon
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ways to monitor clerical workers with technology
(how fast you type, sites visited) |
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Administration Sales and Technical Workers
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Computers, analyst,
- education higher than clerical -male dominated |
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Managerial Work
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- autonomy
-leading people -networking |
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Occupational Subculture
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middle class masculinity
- not set up for women |
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READING: White Collar Sweatshop
- Paradox - ball and chain |
- optimism compared to high stress and not great pay
Interviewed people regularly - technology allows 24/7 work, monitor and control workers |
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A way out of White Collar sweatshops (3)
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Individual Change
--> slack off Organizational change Collective Change --> unions |
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Underground Economy
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income through crime
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Crime like work
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income generating,
white collar crime, robbery, |
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Sex Work
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sex-related work, can be illegal and legal
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Push Factors into Sex Trade
Pull Factors in Sex Trade |
Push
--> forced sex slavery Pull --> the need to earn money |
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4 characteristics of that shape experience of sex work
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1. control over work (lack of)
2. emotional labor 3. physical requirement 4. Violence and health concerns |
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Occupational Crime
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illegal acts committed through opportunity in the course of an occupaiton that is legal
-workplace theft (embezzlement) |
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White Collar Crime
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committed in employment or in other commercial situations for economic gain
- done by powerful that also create distrust in society |
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Corporate Crime
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committed by an don behalf of corporation
- unsafe working conditions |
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Blue Collar Work
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manual/physical labor
- Primary Industry -Craft and Trade - manufacturing and machinery |
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Primary industry altered by 4 key trends
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mechanization, consolidation, capitalization, immigration
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Primary Industry
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Mining, Fishing, Logging, Agriculture
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Traditional Job
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power inequality, control, resistance conflict
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NMP
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participatory, humanizing, cooperative,
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Labor Market Segmentation Theory
- Core/Primary -Periphery/Secondary |
Core
--> large firms, good wage Primary --> high security, good working condition Periphery --> smaller, highly competitive, non-union Secondary --> low wage, dead end jobs |
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Labor Market Segmentation Theory
- Emphasis |
DEmand Side of Economy
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Labor Market Segmentation Theory
-6 assumprion |
inter-related, non competing markets
access to primary market resrticted employers shape how to match workers and jobs employer demand is influenced by structural shifts job reward are determined by position of job in economy labor market characterized by conflict (HC =consensus) |
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Life course perspective
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development and experience over lifecourse with emphjasis on key events
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Stalled Revolution
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change in society but n change in job
= Work - Family Conflict |
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Role Strain =
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role overload + conflict
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Sticky Floor / Cement Ceiling
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People of color
- stuck to the bottom, cant see the top |
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Employment Equity Act
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ensure members of 4 groups treated faily in employment
- women, visible minority, disability, aboriginal |
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Pay Equity Act
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equal pay, equal value of work
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Traditional Organizational Logic
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jobs and hierarchies are based on abstract categories with no gender or sexuality
objective |
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Horizontal Sex segregation
Vertical Sex Segregation |
Horizontal - different jobs by men and women
Vertical - same job different levels, |
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Queuing Theory
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employers have labor queues,
Based in skill, ability, attributes - most significant in hiring |
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Grievance
-3 types |
formal mechanism for employer breaking contract or law
1. Individual 2.Group 3. Policy |
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Right to Work
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overturns the Rand Formula
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Rand Formula
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payment of union dues is mandatory
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Alienation
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explains how work under capitalism is structured to make workers powerless
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Marx Sources of Alienation (4)
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1. what they produce
2. process of production 3. themselves 4. others |
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Sources of Job Satisfaction
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Intrinsic Factors - most sigificant
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Job Satisfaction
Race Age Occupation |
Race - visible minority less satisfied
Age - younger Occupation - primary sector |
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Fredrick Taylor
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Rationalizing the Labor Process
- make labor more efficient |
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Why Rationalize?
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Soldiering
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3 principles of Taylorism
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1. Dissociate process from skill of worker
2. Separation of conception from execution 3. Use of monopoly over knowledge to control each step of process |
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Skill Polarization
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gap between skilled and unskilled workers
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Defining Skill (2)
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1. knowledge
2. ability to perform a task well |
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Iron Law of Oligarchy
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majority will always be ruled by the few
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Bureaucratic (4)
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power inequality
control resistance conflict |
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NMP (4)
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participatory
humanizing cooperative consensual |
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Merchant Capitalism
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system of production, workers paid a piece rate
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Industrial Capitalism
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accumulation and processing of raw materials
capitalists own and control the process of creating goods exchange labor for wage |
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Monopoly Capitalism
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internationalization of the DOL
mass production |
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Family Wage
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wage should be high enough to allow a male to support stay at home wife and children
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Work
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activity a person is paid or unpaid for working,
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Neo Weberian: Ritzer
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mcdonaldization
- efficiency, calculability, predictability, control |
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Weberian
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Rationalization
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Human Capital Theory
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Supply Side
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