Final Wireless

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Life Cycle of Technologies

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s
describes the commercial gain of a product through the expense of research and development phase, and the financial return during its "vital life". Some technologies, such as steel, paper or cement manufacturing, have a long lifespan (with minor variations in technology incorporated with time) whilst in other cases, such as electronic or pharmaceutical products, the lifespan may be quite short.

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5G

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Beyond 4G. Expected in 2020. 100X LTE

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Cognitive Radio

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Find unused channels and use them

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802.11ah

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Low-speed coordinated communication for M2M

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TeraHz

Waves

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Sub-millimeter waves. 1 mm to 0.1mm
wavelength. 0.3 to 3THz. Between Radio and light

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802.11ad

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WiGig. Gigabit Wireless

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Smart Antennas

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Antenna arrays that can orient towards
direction of arrival

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LTE-Advanced
:

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: Next generation of LTE. Real 4G. 1 Gbps

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802.11ac

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500Mbps-1 Gbps WiFi

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WiFi Direct

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Point-to-Point WiFi without access point

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802.11u

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Authentication for 802.11 hotspots

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Small Cells

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10m to 2km. Includes Micro cells, Pico cells,
Femto cells

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802.22
:

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Wireless regional area network using white spaces in TV channels

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Super WiFi

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Long-distance internet access using TV white
spaces

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TD-LTE

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: LTE using time-division duplexing rather than frequency division duplexing

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ZigBee

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Trade name for 802.15.4 personal area networks. Like WiFi for 802.11

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802.11r
:

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Fast Base Station transition

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LTE

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Long-Term Evolution. 3.9G

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802.11n

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WiFi with multiple antennas

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802.11k

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Discover the best AP before transition

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Moore’s Law

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Doubling every 18 month

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Global Mobile data grew () in 2012

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70%

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Mobile video traffic is more than ()of the mobile
traffic

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50%

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Connection speeds ()
526 kbps in 2012 up from 248 kbps in 2011

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1. doubled
2.

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ARQ automatic repeat request

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is an error-control method for data transmission that uses acknowledgements (messages sent by the receiver indicating that it has correctly received a data frame or packet) and timeouts (specified periods of time allowed to elapse before an acknowledgment is to be received) to achieve reliable data transmission over an unreliable service. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgment before the timeout, it usually re-transmits the frame/packet until the sender receives an acknowledgment or exceeds a predefined number of re-transmissions.

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sent 1/2 bit not make it , then sent you make it. old new form , and new inf if good i got. it not throw bad inf . keep it. take old inf. transform more. arq, file CRC is not good. hybr

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aa

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hybrid mig is not good, and if good, not good file more inf.

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aa

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two type of Hybrid arq , is H arq , is incremental redundancy , just sentthe data again, 0.1 not figure if 0.1 , lowest to 0 , figure for , good erq, third transformation,

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aa

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coding, if sent two simbole, s1 s2 , amplitude and phase, and find out 1198 , if have two antennas, s1 sent s1, -2 * reflection, conjuget slot 1 is time 1 and time 2, if high chance, two symble, two time slides. pro goes up. spalce time ,
antennas 1122 phase, time, slot 1 and 2 , so this space time block codes

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aa

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stbc in four sybmle s1 s2 , if you put s1 -x2 , and x2 x1, and sent , do send one tenant send two antenna, sendon one carriers, send one to send carriers, all symbole on the same carriers,
first and second carriers, , 4 carriers 4
all one freq , diff , diff time.
space frequency block ,
x2 x1 sedond carriers, , STBC in the same time and
SFBC is in differnt time frequency blaock code

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aa

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frequency shift transmit diversity two many carriers, so many , you not 4 carriers, instead to differn power on ,
fstd use same power in this one, shift , the frequency every time not use ohter frequency so this is zero.

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aa

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transmit diversity . not differ carreires, sFBC , all this transferrom difersity ,

beamforming ,receiver, in direction of transmtter, reception is directinal
spatial multiplex ing output the singles. this is , multiuser mimo not mulit pantim, join tother make mimo antineea ;

transform diversity 4 types

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aa

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same anties single in put and output, , put pilot x as pilot, singles goes there, see pilot figure out where from.
single user mimo , two ante each antie, look differ,
this antine from others, ,
multi user mimo , two antiennas, not have thoese one antiees, two users each has one antess, one user is x as pilot and other y as pilot. even on the same freq at same time. if know the merics so can seperate as two signals -- 1.2 3.4 carriers for two , each carriers put pilots.

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aa

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mimo , in this coporation on thies side, data same statin, each one of one antes, two bity two mimo, put anties right place where is come from. and then record,

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aa

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IP based flat network architecture, so not time, so this 2 G , based transcerver system. 3 G GGSN , so put this is 2 G in three G name change, LTE , E is e hande node b , all find basical;y IP network, is make sure we goes next. hand over, why flat. lots of boxes= functions, lnow only left is easiers, 2G phone.

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aa

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Evovled packet core is gsm , geran , umts , utran , this is , every things, flat network. this is core network, radio netw ran core, got system. evvoled epc. is just right part. but left , fcc network, evovle pack systme eps , cores.

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aa

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EPC systems. here , desinim, ran core, and serve in middle, enode , core, access network to core,

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aa

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pdn gateways, not ip but gate transfer from pdn to lte to left form irght to right

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aa

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mme, in mobility mangement entity,

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aa

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and policy and charging rules function.

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aa

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evovled packet system -- eps ,

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aa

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LTE frame 8.2 wireless network. superframes- superframe, and repeates, 0 12 , each 10 ms consistes of sub frame each is 1 ms so only 10 sub frame; each usb 2 slots , each 0.5 ms, one is up and down link, in 1 ms, up link s listen to station , send sth , each gneral transfors, then consistes of 6 sybmes, 0-6 , thereis prefix before each symbols , first is larger then other prefix, 5.2 us, 4.7 others. however even longer prefix farest distance , motiply distance.

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aa

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fastest to get milison, seconds, every milion secs,

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aa

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any number sub carriers, two many sub carriers, two slot, 7 symbole at at iems. four symble, sub carriers, threat 24 48 , so you source blood, 7 symbles, each resource elemnts, one symble in one sub carriers, reference sgnials. in one slot, 20 mega 2048 , resource block give to many users.

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aa

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sub carrier is fixed but reduced when 7.5 when we do multi cell . no ms , LTE lectures, put in LTE , MBMS multi media brodcast and multipi cast. is TV everybody network. multile power , same inf to everybody . a lot MBMS more carriers so each is less . reuse use same freq everywhere. spectrums, 7.5 TV faster less time.

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aa

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for TDD , extedded , normal case the spacing is 15 khz and 7 symbols, and
in extended 15 , and sub 12 , symbols 6 one is fixed , and prefix time is 16.7
extended prefex, spacing 7.5 , 24 each time, time is bigger, signal many tower some far away so mulble is larger.

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aa

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type one frame , there type two frame, not disuccesses, is used TDD systems comptible with chiense TD -SCDMA , systems,

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aa

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control channels, in the frame there 1 , resources block, go down and up, some elements reserved for control. , called controlled channle. sysmble from this frame,next frame,--- comprised a channle. virtuil circile, sybmels reserved for control form channel.

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aa

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control channels ssi down link, uplink, and this first thing how thing look like, first sybmle DCI , everything about network.
part of DCT is PDCCH , then come PDFICH - first control down link, second is down link, figure out, what's down link, direct to this antee, all inf in control PDFICH,

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aa

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data channel are transport channels, what's left - reference signals. given some block is control then rest is transpot in the block

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aa

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broadcast and multicast , all inf , in the one broadcast just announment, this is ATT network. so contains al the inf , for join , thereis no H-ARQ , h air quality , give inf, give new inf, so best modulation, two bits for symbles, 15 quanm

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aa

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multcast channels is bascilly mobie tv ,
trans from multiple ,
uses ,

other channels, MSMB channles

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aa

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pilot , every kind seperate kind of pilot. all inf anything is hect is pilot , some pilot are basically common are some are special , zero , one 2 are three , thi is pilot from i th antenna, antenna put the pilot there same number 1 put pilot. pilots spread all over, uniformally x then y axis fixed , every four symble have pilot. not two long will change. temp difference, every ms change, do it every often. use exact channle exact time. four block 4 antitens, one port far away is one antenna. and one sub frame one sybmels 14 symblos. depend on how signals is depend on

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aa

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LTE protocol stack, five sublayers, each 1-4 is control, plane 5 user palnes 4 ,

1.

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aa

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radio resource control , sure every base station, not waste time, paging, connection disconnecion mobility , QoS management

paging means make sure you have page you, signlas, 12112 are you there ?

connection connect you , bS
mobility - handler, dirving, dirver two towenr 2 , go to tower 2 or not.

QoS -- radio void data , with geing that . time , dligence met everything.

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aa

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header compression do four thing, is header question, use ip header application header, not send on wireless , not many bits, so compressed . and there

how to do it sources desntiy is same, so same you done, ip , sigle bigs,

integrity , not body change data, can ge be done CRC , this security AC , crc, give number, crc is number devided bit. this is number we gonna use. no body change so you have secure CRC.

ciphering, for nmae = encryption, so exchange data side,

in sequency delivery every thing , so safe very sample , security and dignity .

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aa

Front 57

radio link contorl layer, segmentation and reassembly , aggregation, and out of order, 3 , segment reassemble, and resegment, agggregation, conceatenation,


reorder do ARQ - finle mac layer, ARQ this layer, link layer, not idea of qulity of signlas, own whole packages..

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aa

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three modes , have trans

unack mode , use is

acknowledged mode - ack ment and ARQ

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aa

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first data control this

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aa

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re seg flag full , sementation flag , PDU

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aa

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polling bit , transmitter requests , send bits, this not wrong ,

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aa

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framing info , so this tell you segment where segment , segment there are, the n

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aa

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extension bit,

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aa

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sequence number s NO last segment , end of PDU previous, segment offset PDU fource the segment , third 4+1 or 2 ,

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aa

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E 1 L1 extension bit , whehter nack sn , e and e2 ,
bit 2 , so start

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aa

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ack nowedgement, so i didn't segment 3 5 7 ,receive. for 3 theoffset this , all this is e1 l1 e2 l2 is part acknowledgemen.
ack inf buffer. slectvie act . actually in IP not use segments. but ack nowedge segments.

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aa

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SO each all lost signal send all of this for each of lsot singal. last

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aa

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radio link then indicate when goes in and out. all part of mac, but sepearte of contorl link layers,

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aa

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PDCP oculd be MAC - mac has three function, mulplexing and scheduling ,and H ARQ , and same people same direction, obligation, is differt obligations, differnce channle come in ,
header many sub header each subheader tell whats channle goes on, mul plex,

transmission scheduling how many bits to tran how many time to transmit. at least 5 what's freq , trans mit 4000 bits.

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aa

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has four fasts , extension flag, many subheaders, many number , set number, last one is end 0 ,

logical channel ID ,a and logicla channnel length are these elemnt so length field lest than 122, one bits, if longer more than 1 bites, format is length of length .

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aa

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paging ,

security ,

first RRC is paging and
PDCP is securty , RLC is control media
media access cotnrol . H ra q some impliments not implemnt Hraq,

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aa

Front 72

net head nad bell head, bites, practikes, belll rice circles bits, symcronization. net head, from intel. people who design internet, phone com not like it. quam , 100 3 G
not like Wimax, so design LTE so put in backyard is easier Wimax is easy todo , carrier networking , intel goole , 3 G CDMA - 2 raido 3 4 G so put Wimax , quad and penta band, more

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aa

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4G which is request 1 g , 100 mb for mobile ,

wimax , 4g

lte is advance is 4 g

wimax new feutre , : many bands, 2.1 mg ,3.1 mg,
flexibile bnadwidth , extend , wide
FDD
mimo
ip based ,
ofdma,
sc fdma, dfd thre quater dma ,

puncturing , some ECC not transmitted.
trhee bits ecc , 2 , 1 , h arq , extra bits , not trans harq

one antnea ohter symbles,

STBC , every differnt , freq ,

resouce control. RRC PDCP , RLC

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aa

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let advanced. advanced requireemtns and new tech , let waht lest late wireless, 4 G is actualy IMT advanced .
requirees is chareled specificis,

15 bit / sec hz , 6.75 link
edge is 0.03, 2.2 hz per cell

two techs, lte advance
wimax release 2 ,

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aa

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lte advanced , to meet and exceed imt advanced, meet might loose, exceed, 3 Gbps downlink, requireemnt is one, 15 mbps corese 15 bps, hz, in used 4 time 4 , also it by 8 * 8 ,
2.4 how many mimo behand , depend on mimo we can do better, 50 ms from camped to active,

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aa

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mobility up to 500 kmph
up to 100 Mhz.

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aa

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if want to get data rate 3 thingk , band , expenstur , bandrum. 7 mbh, 2.4 spectrues, high data ragete need big band. spectrum. sensing, how maxi get ms out this hz. 3. spac cel sizes, big data make small, more small secs.

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aa

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bandwidth , 100 mhz, 3 g is 5 mhz,

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speciatral efficientcy ,-- trans better , one use same higher order give up 8** and 4
new mimio tech , intercell interference co , and same freq everycell, is problem, same language same room is problems interferenes isolation, not this time, not do this,
cell size is not same biffer ,

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aa

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how 100 mhz, many many bites, and aggreagtion, means take band band component carriers , eachb and , sub 124 subcarrriers, take 5 up to five bands three of them as one,

banck ward lte, sso lte is work with lte advanced that one is done. signel carriers multple carrier systems. each band 1.4.3.5.10 allow lte.
35 everything, you can combine

combine all of them in to one.
each compoent can differn bits.
3 but not transform bits.

max need 100 , 5 realse lte, realse 1 every realseeis 5 ,

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aa

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if send for bits , send form mimul. more powerfor you cannot send for.

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aq

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ompents c contines list first all not , not each power les, each size blue lot power so go farther. select blue, so use cells, no when you base station, change everything, st louis so kansas, use gree , other place use blue. each carriers have diff , cell size. far red is red or blue, you have blue but not give you other people use it blue.
phy max rlc are all exend to you blue, every thing exteded ,

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aq

Front 83

mimo , use only dl , sinar sinal interference is singal is high so sinr is high , and itnerference is high, who is god shape. red b/c storng sign , but other is less strong so interference high. , red blue gree not interference,
sinar is high , used but not mimo
there are trans use mimo 2 2 us is user enmeltmer , is extort for that ,

use modes use antees, port for anttees, types of reference reference= type of pilot, pilot mode you have to use .

three new categoires of ue , 6 , is have lte advanced. and so order every ue indicate how many underestand. category 8 supports less is much easy

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aq

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two precoding, dfd , single carriers dma, took sybmles to cording, use here , either for code book there book every body has , role number 15 , row, use cell reference pilot very , spilots, court data , use precoding add pilot here CRS1, transmitter FTI , every body get same pilots same not specific

if you do , add pilots then precoding, , receiver there, is very specfic to user, table here , to specific user.

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aq

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coordinated multipoint operation, CoMP same if people in traver interference other side. good thiis base station can talk, moible i am geting based sation from red , blue talk to red , bits slot one group three, particle resrouce block i need to talk this red one

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aq