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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinodermata? a) bilaterally symmetric larvae b) a network of water-filled canals leading to tube feet c) a water vascular system d) an internal skeleton of calcified plates e) an external skeleton of chitin |
e) an external skeleton of chitin |
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of echinoderms? a) radial symmetry as adults b) an external skeleton c) lack of a brain d) bilateral symmetry as larvae e) an extensive fossil record |
b) an external skeleton |
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Which of the following echinoderm groups was much more abundant in the past than it is today? a) crinoids b) brittle stars c) sea stars d) sea urchins and sand dollars e) sea cucumbers |
b) brittle stars |
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Which of the following groups has a water vascular system? a) mollusks b) chordates c) annelids d) echinoderms e) hemichordates |
d) echinoderms |
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When a starfish, a type of echinoderm, is resting on the seafloor, its _____ faces the seafloor, whereas the _____ is on the upper surface of the animal a) mouth, anus b) tube canal, mouth c) tube feet, anus d) either a or b e) either a or c |
e) either a or c |
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Which of the following echinoderm groups lacks "arms"? a) sea urchins b) crinoids c) sea cucumbers d) both a and b e) both a and c |
e) both a and c |
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A major change in the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates was the a) evolution of the water vascular system b) development of a dorsal hollow nerve cord c) calcification of an internal skeleton d) development of the lophophore as an adaptation to predatory life e) ability to filter feed |
b) development of a dorsal hollow nerve cord |
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Which of the following features is NOT found in the chordate lineage? a) bilateral symmetry b) a dorsal hollow nerve cord c) an external skeleton d) pharyngeal slits at some stage during development e) a notochord at some stage during development |
c) an external skeleton |
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The chordates a) all have a bony backbone b) include some animals without a nervous system c) pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits d) are poorly represented in the fossil record e) are all filter feeders |
c) pass through a developmental stage with pharyngeal slits |
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The 30 species of cephalochordates are also known as a) lancelets b) sea squirts c) tunicates d) salps e) larvaceans |
a) lancelets |
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The principal reason we consider tunicates (sea squirts) similar to the ancestor of all chordates is that a) the body plan of adult tunicates parallels that of chordates b) tunicate larvae possess the synapomorphies of adult chordates and thus reveal close evolutionary relationships with them c) tunicates have a lophophore style mouth d) tunicate larvae are primitive in all of their features e) tunicate adults are very similar to the ancestors of cephalochordates and vertebrates |
b) tunicate larvae possess the synapomorphies of adult chordates and thus reveal close evolutionary relationships with them |
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The sister group to the vertebrates includes an animal called a(n) ______, which produces large amounts of slime as a defense mechanism a) hagfish b) lamprey c) eel d) slug e) salp |
a) hagfish |
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Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of the vertebrate body plan? a) a rigid internal skeleton with the vertebral column b) two pairs of appendages c) jaws d) an anterior skull with a large brain e) both c and d |
c) jaws |
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Evolution of jaws first occurred in the group of fishes known as the a) ostracoderms b) gnathostomes c) cartilaginous fishes d) coelacanths e) ray-finned fishes |
b) gnathostomes |
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Lampreys can be distinguished from the hagfish by a) the presence of an enclosed brain b) their distinct cartilaginous vertebrae c) their filter feeding larval form d) their feeding habits e) all the above |
e) all the above |
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The important innovation that evolved from the gill arches of jawless fishes and is retained by chondrichthyans, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods is a) heavily armored skin b) the jaw c) fins d) the ability to swim |
b) the jaw |
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The chondrichthyans, including sharks, skates, rays, and chimaeras, a) are hagfishes b) have heavy external armor c) have an open circulatory system d) have skeletons with little cartilage e) have less external armor and are faster swimmers than their ancestors |
e) have less external armor and are faster swimmers than their ancestors |
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Which of the following is a major difference between the chondrichthyans and the ray-finned fishes? a) only chondrichthyans have a lung or swim bladder b) chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton, whereas ray-finned fishes have a bony skeleton c) only ray finned fishes have paired fins d) chondrichthyans evolved in fresh water, whereas ray finned fishes evolved in salt water e) only chondrichthyans have true jaws |
b) chondrichthyans have a cartilaginous skeleton, whereas ray-finned fishes have a bony skeleton |
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The swim bladders of bony fishes a) evolved from lung like sacs that supplemented the gills in respiration b) are used for respiration in most contemporary species c) are organs of buoyancy that help them control their depth in the water column d) prevented them from existing in a marine environment e) both a and c |
e) both a and c |
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The sharks, skates, and rays are members of the vertebrate group known as a) tetrapods b) hagfishes c) placoderms d) chondrichthyes e) urochordates |
d) chondrichthyes |
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It is thought that jaws, which are formed in the higher vertebrates, evolved from a) cartilaginous arches used to support gills b) small bones associated with the brain capsule c) bony teeth found on lamprey tongues d) progressive hardening of the cyclostome mouth e) none of the above |
a) cartilaginous arches used to support gills |
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Most amphibians breathe air by means of a) gills and swim bladders b) gills and thin skin c) lungs only d) lungs and thin skin e) thin skin only |
d) lungs and thin skin |
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Which of the following statements about the amphibians is false? a) they were more abundant in the past than they are today b) waterproof coverings on their skin allow them to be terrestrial c) most reproduce in or near water d) their eggs are very sensitive to drying e) living amphibians belong to three sister groups |
b) waterproof coverings on their skin allow them to be terrestrial |
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A difference between amphibians and reptiles is that a) amphibian eggs can survive out of water and reptile eggs cannot b) amphibians have thin skin whereas reptiles have thick skin c) amphibians have gills and lungs whereas reptiles only have lungs d) both a and b e) all the above |
b) amphibians have thin skin whereas reptiles have thick skin |
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A few species of frogs and salamanders are _______, which means they give birth to well developed young a) oviparous b) viviparous c) paedomorphic d) isoparous e) vivimorphic |
b) viviparous |
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You are in a tropical forest and find an organism that has a bony vertebrae, no legs, lays eggs in moist patches, and uses its skin for gaseous exchange. You have found a(n) a) anuran b) caecilian c) salamander d) snake e) lizard |
b) caecilian |
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Which of the following structures is NOT part of the amniote egg? a) extraembryonic membranes b) yolk c) shell d) bone e) chorion |
d) bone |
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Which of the following statements about birds is true? a) they descended most recently from an amphibian ancestor b) they are included in the mammals c) they include some modern reptiles d) they include all modern reptiles e) they are in the monophyletic group that includes dinosaurs and crocodiles |
e) they are in the monophyletic group that includes dinosaurs and crocodiles |
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Dinosaurs dominated Earth for _______ million years a) 60 b) 215 c) 150 d) 100 e) 500 |
c) 150 |
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Which of the following is the most unique characteristic of birds? a) scales on their legs b) ability to lay eggs that will not dry out c) presence of feathers d) enormous amount of parental car they provide their young e) none of the above |
c) presence of feathers |
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Which group of living eutherian mammals has the most species? a) rodentia (gnawing mammals) b) lagomorpha (rabbits and kin) c) pilosa (anteaters, sloths) d) carnivora (carnivores) e) catartiodactyla (even-hoofed animals and cetaceans) |
a) rodentia (gnawing mammals) |
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Which of the following statements about the Old World primates is false? a) the have a prehensile tail b) they include arboreal species c) they include terrestrial species d) they live and travel in large groups e) both a and b |
a) the have a prehensile tail |
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Primates likely descended from small, arboreal _______ mammals a) insectivorous b) omnivorous c) carnivorous d) frugivorous e) clawed |
a) insectivorous |
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Early in its evolutionary history, the primate lineage split into two main branches: the _____ and the ______. a) australopithecines, homo species b) ardipithecines, australopithecines c) prosimians, monkeys d) strepsirrhini, haplorrhini e) humans, apes |
d) strepsirrhini, haplorrhini |
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Which of the following hominoids is the oldest? a) homo habilis b) homo erectus c) homo sapiens d) homo neanderthalensis e) homo floresiensis |
a) homo habilis |
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Which of the following represents the probable order in which human ancestors made their appearance? a) homo habilis, austalopithecus afarensis, homo erectus, austalopithecus garhi b) austalopithecus garhi, homo habilis, homo erectus, austalopithecus afarensis c) austalopithecus garhi, austalopithecus afarensis, homo habilis, homo erectus d) austalopithecus afarensis, austalopithecus garhi, homo habilis, homo erectus e) austalopithecus afarensis, austalopithecus garhi, homo erectus, homo habilis |
d) austalopithecus afarensis, austalopithecus garhi, homo habilis, homo erectus |
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An animal that has hemocoel, a chitinous exoskeleton, and a complete digestive tract would most likely be a a) nematode b) annelid c) hexapod d) mollusk e) arrow worm |
c) hexapod |
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Of the groups listed below, which is a descendent of the most recent common ancestor of lophotrochozoans? a) demosponges b) vertebrates c) mollusks d) insects e) cnidarians |
c) mollusks |
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Which taxon has a secondarily evolved open circulatory system, a complete digestive tract, and a reduction of the coelom? a) rotifers b) annelids c) mollusks d) nematodes e) flatworms |
c) mollusks |
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Which animals have a complete digestive tract? a) flukes b) tapeworms c) cnidarians d) sponges e) annelids |
e) annelids |
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Which of the following groups does not have a circulatory system? a) nematodes b) chelicerates c) crustaceans d) horsehair worms e) both a and d |
e) both a and d |
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Which of the groups below contains the largest number of species?
a) rotifers b) mollusks c) annelids d) phoronoids e) polychaetes |
b) mollusks |
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A firm exoskeleton has protective and supportive advantages, but it poses a problem for insects. What is this problem? a) the animal must consume large amounts of food to support the growth of the exoskeleton b) the exoskeleton prevents the animal from moving rapidly c) the exoskeleton cannot grow as the animal body inside it grows d) the exoskeleton attracts predators e) all the above |
c) the exoskeleton cannot grow as the animal body inside it grows |
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Which of the following is not associated with the rotifers? a) pseudocoelom b) complete gut c) conspicuous feeding organs d) radial symmetry e) movement by beating cilia |
d) radial symmetry |
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Which of the following groups includes animals with segmented coeloms? a) ectoprocts b) mollusks c) annelids d) flatworms e) nematodes |
c) annelids |
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Mollusks have a rasping feeding structure known as the a) proboscis b) rhynchocoel c) radula d) corona e) mastax |
c) radula |
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Which body part in a mollusk secretes the shell? a) mantle b) foot c) visceral mass d) radula e) spicules |
a) mantle |
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Which of the following describes locomotion in nematodes? a) rhythmically beating cilia move the animal forward b) longitudinal muscles work against each other and the pseudocoelom to change the shape of the animal, moving it forward c) longitudinal muscles contract d) a series of hairs that project backward engage the substrate; back and forth movements propel the animal forward e) water expelled through special ducts moves the animal forward |
b) longitudinal muscles work against each other and the pseudocoelom to change the shape of the animal, moving it forward |
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Trichinella spiralis, the causative agent of the disease trichinosis, is a a) nemetean b) flatworm c) nematode d) rotifer e) annelid |
c) nematode |
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Which of the following statements about exoskeletons is true? a) they are highly efficient means of anchoring muscles, thereby providing more efficient movement b) they provide protection from predators c) they must be shed for the animal to grow, and during this period the animals is vulnerable to predators d) they provide support for walking on dry land e) all the above |
e) all the above |
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The network of calcified hydraulic canals that functions in gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding in echinoderms is called a _______ ________ ________ |
water vascular system |
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________ are bilaterally symmetrical animals that possess a dorsal hollow nerve cord, a tail tat extends beyond the anus, and a notochord at some stage of their life cycle |
Chordates |
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Vertebrates have a jointed dorsal _______ ________, which replaced the notochord as their primary support |
vertebral column |
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They early fishes that evolved jaws are known as _________. |
gnathostomes |
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The cartilaginous fishes control their movement with pairs of uncounted appendages called ______. |
fins |
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The evolution of primitive ______ in the sister group of the ray finned fishes provided an alternative method of gas exchange, thus setting the stage for the invasion of land. |
lungs |
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The _____ were the first major animal group that could live completely outside of water |
reptiles |
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Structures called placentas, which nourish developing embryos, evolved in _______. |
mammals |
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One of the features that distinguishes the mammals from the reptiles is their _______-________ heart. |
four-chambered |
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What class goes with this animal description: mammary glands, specialized teeth, placental birth |
Mammalia |
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What class goes with this animal: lobe-finned fishes |
Sarcopterygi |
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What class goes with this animal: turtles |
Testudines |
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What class goes with this animal: lizards and snakes |
Squamata |
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What class goes with this animal: crocodiles and aligators |
Crocodilia |
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What class goes with this animal: birds |
Aves |
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What class goes with this animal: lampreys and hagfish |
Cyclostomata |
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What class goes with this animal: ray finned fished |
Actinopterygii |
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What class goes with this animal: sharks and rays |
Chondrichthyes |
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What class goes with this animal: frogs, salamander, toads |
Amphibia |
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The centipedes and millipedes belong to which group? |
myriapods |
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The millipedes have how many pairs of legs per segment? |
2 |
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The study of insects is called ________. |
entomology |
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Insects have how many legs? |
6 |
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An insect that molts several times before it becomes an adult has _________ metamorphosis. |
incomplete |
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An insect that goes from egg, to larva, to pupae, to adult has __________ metamorphosis. |
complete |
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Sea stars belong to the class ______. |
Asteroidea |
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Brittle stars belong to the class _______. |
Ophiuroidea |
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Sea urchins belong to the class ________. |
echinoidea |
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Sea lilies and feather starts belong to the class ________. |
crinoidea |
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Sea cucumbers belong to the class _________. |
holothuroidea |
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The Cephalochordata contain the fish-like organisms called ________. |
lancelets |
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The _____ is a mollusk that has an eight plated shell. |
chiton |
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_________ are the only mollusks with a closed circulatory system. |
Cephalopods |
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Which reptile group has a four chambered heart? |
Crocodilians |
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The term for periodic molting of the exoskeleton is called _______. |
ecdysis |
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The part of the respiratory system in insects are pores called _______ that provide openings to a series of finely branched air tubes within the body called trachea. |
spiracles |
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Spiders, ticks, scorpions, and mites belong to the subphylum _________. |
chelicerata |
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The fused head and thorax region of spiders and crabs is called the _________. |
cephalothorax |
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The dragonflies belong to the insect order _______. |
odonata |
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Butterflies belong to the insect order ________. |
Lepidoptera |
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In the evolutionary lineage leading to the chordates, a dorsal supporting structure called the _________ evolved. |
notochord |
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Structures called placentas, which nourish developing embryos, evolved in ________. |
mammals |
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Which of the following is NOT a feature of the vertebrate body plan? a) a ventral spinal cord b) an internal skeleton c) a well developed circulatory system d) organs suspended in the coelom e) an anterior skull encasing a proportionally large brain |
a) a ventral spinal cord |
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Which of the following traits is shared by the chondrichthyans and the ray-finned fishes? a) gills as the major site of gas exchange b) a skeleton composed of cartilage c) an outer surface covered with bony plates d) a swim bladder e) propulsion by means of dorsal/ventral movements of their tails |
a) gills as the major site of gas exchange |
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The transition from aquatic to terrestrial lifestyles required many adaptations in the vertebrate lineage. Which of the following is NOT one of those adaptations? a) a shift from gills to air-breathing lungs b) improvements in the water resistance of skin c) an alteration in the mode of locomotion d) development of feather for insulation e) modifications to the nitrogen elimination system |
d) development of feather for insulation |
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Which of the following is not a trait that could be used to identify an animal as a mammal rather than an amphibian? a) mammary glands b) hair c) sweat glands d) kidneys e) four-cambered heart |
d) kidneys |
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A key different between Old World monkeys and New World monkeys is that the latter a) have a prehensile tail b) are arboreal c) have a placenta d) are less closely related to tarsiers e) all of these |
a) have a prehensile tail |
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Nautiluses control their buoyancy by a) adjusting salt concentrations in their blood b) forcibly expelling water from the mantle c) pumping water and gases in and out of internal chambers d) using the complex sensory organs in their heads e) swimming rapidly |
c) pumping water and gases in and out of internal chambers |
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The body plan of insects is composed of which of the three following regions? a) head, abdomen, and trachea b) head, abdomen, and cephalothorax c) cephalothorax, abdomen, and trachea d) head, thorax, and abdomen e) abdomen, trachea, and mantle |
d) head, thorax, and abdomen |
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Insects whose hatchlings are sufficient similar in form to adults to be recognizable are said to have a) instars b) neopterous development c) accelerated development d) incomplete metamorphosis e) compete metamorphosis |
c) accelerated development |
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An animal with bilateral symmetry, a pseudocoelom, a tubular digestive system, and a thick, multilayer cuticle is most likely a(n) a) arrow worm b) flatworm c) nematode d) polychaete e) annelid |
c) nematode |
