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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the vocal tract consist of?
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the oral cavity, the nasal cavities and the pharynx
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What is the oral cavity made up of?
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lips, cheek, tongue, teeth, palate
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The primary muscle making up of the lips that gives the lips an enoromous amount of mobility is the ______________________
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orbicularis oris
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The sounds made by the lips that are made with flexibility and speed of motion
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/p/, /b/, /m/, /w/
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Important in directing airflow for the/s/ sound- and acting as an obstacle to increase the turbulence necessary for its correct production
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teeth
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The relationship between upper and lower dental arches and the positioning of individual teeth
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dental occlusion
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Class I occlusion
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Neutrocclusion- normal kind
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Class II occlusion
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Distocculsion- micrognathia
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Class III occlusion
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Mesiocclusion- prognathic jaw
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Class II and III found in __________________________
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craniofacial disorders
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Problems with dental occlusion are ____________________
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malocclusion
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raised ridge toward the anterior of the hard palate or so behind the upper teeth
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alveolar ridge
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Speech sounds from the alveolar ridge
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/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /n/
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Speech sounds from the hard palate
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/ʃ/, /r/
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What are structural problems of the hard palate?
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cleft palate
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The soft palate is also known as the _________
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velum
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The movement of the velum is of prime importance to _____________ and ________________
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swallowing and speech production
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A flat tendon that attaches velum to posterior portion of hard palate
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Aponeurosis
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The passageway between the velum and the posterior pharyngeal wall
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Velopharyngeal (VP) passage or port
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What happens when the VP passage is open?
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It allows air to enter and exit nasal cavities when it is
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What happens when the VP passage is closed?
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air is forced through oral cavity
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Are most English sounds nasal or oral?
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oral
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Name the three nasal sounds
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/m/, /n/, / ŋ/
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four types of closure based on motion of velum, lateral walls of the pharynx (LPW) and posterior pharyngeal wall
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Velopharyngeal closure
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Excessive nasal resonance- distorted oral sounds- when air escapes through the nasal cavities rather than through the oral cavity
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hypernasality
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Insufficient nasal resonance- distorted nasal sounds- when air is prevented from entering the nasal cavities for the production of nasal sounds
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hyponasality
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Due to its complex musculature, the tongue is able to achieve a ___________ range of positions and configurations at extremely __________ rates
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wide, rapid
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least complex sounds- horizontal and vertical movements of the tongue
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vowels
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/t/, /d/- complex movements of tongue tip and body
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alveolar stops
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/s/ and /r/ are more complex sounds
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Fricatives
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What is the function of the pharynx?
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swallowing, respiration, speech
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What are the portions of the pharynx?
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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The laryngopharynx, esophagus and trachea extremely important in the development of _______________________________ in the process of voice restoration after laryngectomy
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esophageal speech
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___________________ is vibrated, generating the low-pitched sound of esophageal speech
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Cricopharyngeus muscle
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The series of valves in the vocal tract regulate the flow of air by _____________________ in various ways.
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opening and closing
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valve formed by lips
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Labial valve
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the valve formed by movement of tongue
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Lingual valve
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the valve formed by velum, posterior and lateral pharyngeal walls
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Velopharyngeal valve
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the valve formed by the vocal folds
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Laryngeal valve
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Vocal tract _________________ changes depending on the shape of the vocal tract
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resonance
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Occurs when sound travelling through the VT is radiated beyond the mouth into the atmosphere.
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resonance characteristic
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