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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Integumentary system consists of skin and accessory structures such as |
Hair, nails, glands |
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Perspiration of the human skin |
Moisture and nutrients - normal microbiota survive Salts- halophiles- staph Lysosome - chemical defense Sebum - provide nutrients for microbiota |
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Mucous membrane structures |
Lines body cavities Acidic Often folded - increased surface area |
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What are gram positive , salt tolerate bacteria of the normal microbiota of the skin? |
Staphylococci & Microccoci Diptheriids - produce propionic acid Anaerobes in hair follicles - propionibacteria acmes Aerobic in skin surface - corynebacterium xerosis
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What is a gram negative bacteria of the normal microbiota of the skin? |
Acinetobacter |
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What are microbial diseases if the skin ? |
Exanthem Skin rash arising from a disease Enanthem Mucous membrane rash arising from a disease |
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What is a skin lesion? |
A superficial growth or patch of the skin that does not resemble the area surrounding it. |
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What are the differences between the 4 skin lesions ? |
1. Vesicles - small fluid lesion 2. Bulla - fluid filled blister , 5mm 3. Macule - smooth spots of discoloration 4. Pustule - fluid pus filled bumps |
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Characteristics and functions of staphylococcus aureus |
Antibiotic resistance Leukocidin Resists opsonization Survives in phagolysosome Lysozyme resistant Exotoxins — exfoliative toxin — superantigen
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What bacteria causes impetigo ?and what is impetigo ? |
Streptococcus pyogenes Impetigo is crusting sores and Highly contagious |
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What are S.pyogenes virulence factors ? |
M. Proteins- attach to epithelial tissues Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronidase-separates C.T Streptokinase- Streptolysins |
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What are the diseases of invasive group A and function? |
Erysipelas - local tissue destruction/sepsis Necrotizing fasciitis - flesh eating Super antigen exotoxins A - our immune system |
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Explain the process of TSS |
M proteins forms complex with fibrinogen Complex binds to neutrophils — neutrophils activated — damaging enzymes released — shock and organ damage |
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Characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa and where can it be found ? |
It’s gram negative , aerobic rod Found in hospitals, vase water, mop water and diluted disinfectants |
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What is the infection caused by pseudomonas dermatitis , who is opportunistic ? and treatment ? |
Otitis externa Opportunistic patients •Cystic fibrosis patient •Post burn infections Treatment • resistant to many antibiotics except quinolones
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What bacteria causes Buruli ulcer? |
Mycobacterium ulcerans |
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What is Buruli ulcer , the route of entry and treatment ? |
It’s a deep damaging ulcer Route of entry • toxin mycolactone • skin break / insect bite Treatment • streptomycin- rifampicin
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What are the classifications of acne ? |
Comedonal - Mild Inflammatory - moderate Modular cystic - severe |
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What causes comdinal acne and its treatment ? |
The sebum channels blocked with shed cells . Treatment • topical agents - don’t affect sebum formation •sallicyclic- acid preparations • retinoids- vitamin A derivatives |
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What is the skin infection folliculitis? |
Infections of the hair follicles |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection sty? |
Infected follicle of an eyelash |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection furuncle? |
An abscess , pus surrounded by inflamed tissue |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection carbuncle? |
Inflammation of the tissue under the skin |
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What are toxin A and B ? |
Exfoliation, separation of skin layers |
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What is toxin A action? |
It remains localized causing bullous impetigo Newborn - pemphigus neonatrorum |
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What are toxin B actions? |
Skin scalded syndrome Circulates to distant sites Found in infants/children under the age of 5 |
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What are the symptoms of TSS? |
Vomit, shock,organ failure Super antigenic properties |
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What bacteria is a group A beta- hemolytic streptococci (GAS) |
S.pyogenes |
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What bacteria causes impetigo ?and what is impetigo ? |
Streptococcus pyogenes Impetigo is crusting sores and Highly contagious |
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What are S.pyogenes virulence factors ? |
M. Proteins- attach to epithelial tissues Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronidase-separates C.T Streptokinase- Streptolysins |
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What are the diseases of invasive group A and function? |
Erysipelas - local tissue destruction/sepsis Necrotizing fasciitis - flesh eating Super antigen exotoxins A - our immune system |
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Explain the process of TSS |
M proteins forms complex with fibrinogen Complex binds to neutrophils — neutrophils activated — damaging enzymes released — shock and organ damage |
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Characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa and where can it be found ? |
It’s gram negative , aerobic rod Found in hospitals, vase water, mop water and diluted disinfectants |
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What is the infection caused by pseudomonas dermatitis , who is opportunistic ? and treatment ? |
Otitis externa Opportunistic patients •Cystic fibrosis patient •Post burn infections Treatment • resistant to many antibiotics except quinolones
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What bacteria causes Buruli ulcer? |
Mycobacterium ulcerans |
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What is Buruli ulcer , the route of entry and treatment ? |
It’s a deep damaging ulcer Route of entry • toxin mycolactone • skin break / insect bite Treatment • streptomycin- rifampicin
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What are the classifications of acne ? |
Comedonal - Mild Inflammatory - moderate Modular cystic - severe |
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What causes comdinal acne and its treatment ? |
The sebum channels blocked with shed cells . Treatment • topical agents - don’t affect sebum formation •sallicyclic- acid preparations • retinoids- vitamin A derivatives |
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What are the characteristics of inflammatory and treatment ? |
Propionibacterium acnes— gram positive Treatment -Sotretinoin/accutane—preventing sebum formation Antibiotics Benzoyl peroxide to lossen clogged follicles |
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What is the skin infection folliculitis? |
Infections of the hair follicles |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection sty? |
Infected follicle of an eyelash |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection furuncle? |
An abscess , pus surrounded by inflamed tissue |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection carbuncle? |
Inflammation of the tissue under the skin |
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What are toxin A and B ? |
Exfoliation, separation of skin layers |
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What is toxin A action? |
It remains localized causing bullous impetigo Newborn - pemphigus neonatrorum |
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What are toxin B actions? |
Circulates to distant sites Found in infants/children under the age of 5 |
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What are the symptoms of TSS? |
Vomit, shock,organ failure Super antigenic properties |
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What bacteria is a group A beta- hemolytic streptococci (GAS) |
S.pyogenes |
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What bacteria causes impetigo ?and what is impetigo ? |
Streptococcus pyogenes Impetigo is crusting sores and Highly contagious |
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What are S.pyogenes virulence factors ? |
M. Proteins- attach to epithelial tissues Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronidase-separates C.T Streptokinase- Streptolysins |
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What are the diseases of invasive group A and function? |
Erysipelas - local tissue destruction/sepsis Necrotizing fasciitis - flesh eating Super antigen exotoxins A - our immune system |
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Explain the process of TSS |
M proteins forms complex with fibrinogen Complex binds to neutrophils — neutrophils activated — damaging enzymes released — shock and organ damage |
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Characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa and where can it be found ? |
It’s gram negative , aerobic rod Found in hospitals, vase water, mop water and diluted disinfectants |
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What is the infection caused by pseudomonas dermatitis , who is opportunistic ? and treatment ? |
Otitis externa Opportunistic patients •Cystic fibrosis patient •Post burn infections Treatment • resistant to many antibiotics except quinolones
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What bacteria causes Buruli ulcer? |
Mycobacterium ulcerans |
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What is Buruli ulcer , the route of entry and treatment ? |
It’s a deep damaging ulcer Route of entry • toxin mycolactone • skin break / insect bite Treatment • streptomycin- rifampicin
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What are the classifications of acne ? |
Comedonal - Mild Inflammatory - moderate Modular cystic - severe |
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What causes comdinal acne and its treatment ? |
The sebum channels blocked with shed cells . Treatment • topical agents - don’t affect sebum formation •sallicyclic- acid preparations • retinoids- vitamin A derivatives |
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What are the characteristics of inflammatory and treatment ? |
Propionibacterium acnes— gram positive Treatment -Sotretinoin/accutane—preventing sebum formation Antibiotics Benzoyl peroxide to lossen clogged follicles |
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What is the skin infection folliculitis? |
Infections of the hair follicles |
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What is nodular cystic acne and treatment ? |
Inflammed lesions filled with pus Treatment • isotretinoin- reduces formation sebum Roaccutane- damage to developing fetus |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection sty? |
Infected follicle of an eyelash |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection furuncle? |
An abscess , pus surrounded by inflamed tissue |
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What is the folliculitis skin infection carbuncle? |
Inflammation of the tissue under the skin |
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What are toxin A and B ? |
Exfoliation, separation of skin layers |
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What is toxin A action? |
It remains localized causing bullous impetigo Newborn - pemphigus neonatrorum |
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What are toxin B actions? |
Circulates to distant sites Found in infants/children under the age of 5 |
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What are the symptoms of TSS? |
Vomit, shock,organ failure Super antigenic properties |
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What bacteria is a group A beta- hemolytic streptococci (GAS) |
S.pyogenes |
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How are warts contacted, what does it cause ? And treatments ? |
Via contact Causes- skin/cervical cancer Treatment Removal - cryotherapy,electrodesiccation, salicylic acid Imiquimod , bleomycin |
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Poxviruses- smallpox , what’s the route of entry and characteristics. |
Via respiratory route Skin infection produce pustular lesions |
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Chickenpox , the varicella zoster where? What is the port of entry and transmission? |
Dormant at ganglion root Port of entry - respiratory tract Transmission - aerosal |
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Shingles , the varicella zoster is dormant where? What is the port of entry and transmission? |
Dormant - ?? Lysogenic Reactivation of HHV-3 Transmission- endogenous Treatment - acyclovir |
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Herpes simplex - HHV-1, lantent where? How is it triggered ? Port of entry ? Transmission ? |
Lantent In trigeminal nerve ganglia Triggered by stress , sun, hormonal changes Port of entry - mucous membrane Transmission - direct contact |
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Herpes simplex - HHV-1, lantent where? How is it triggered ? Port of entry ? Transmission ? |
Lantent In trigeminal nerve ganglia Triggered by stress , sun, hormonal changes Port of entry - mucous membrane Transmission - direct contact |
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Herpes simplex - HHV-2, lantent where? How is it triggered ? Port of entry ? Transmission ? |
Latent in sacral nerve ganglion Port of entry - mucous membrane Transmission - direct contact |
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Measles port of entry and transmission |
Port of entry - respiratory tract Transmission - aerosol |
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Rubella ( German measles ) |
Port of entry - respiratory tract Transmission - aerosol |
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Fifth disease |
Port of entry — respiratory tract Transmission — aerosol |
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Measles port of entry and transmission |
Port of entry - respiratory tract Transmission - aerosol |
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Rubella ( German measles ) |
Port of entry - respiratory tract Transmission - aerosol |
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Fifth disease |
Port of entry — respiratory tract Transmission — aerosol |
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Roseola |
Port of entry — respiratory Transmission— aerosol Caused by HHV 6-7 |
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Hand foot mouth disease |
Potty of entry — mucous membrane Transmission - aerosol , direct contact |
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Cutaneous mycoses |
Port of entry — skin Transmission— direct contact , aerosol - fomites |
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Examples of fungi and treatment |
Trichophyton/ infects hair, skin, nails Epidermohyton- Infects skin, nails Microsporum- infects hair and skin Treatment — topical , miconazole, clotrimazole, allylamine |
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Sporotrichosis - rose Gardner’s disease |
Enters through puncture wound Treatment - potassium iodine |
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Candida — yeast |
Port of entry - mucous membrane Transmission - endogenous |
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Scabies |
Port of entry -skin Transmission - direct contact |
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Pediculosis - Lice |
Capitis- head lice Corporis - body louse Feed on blood |
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Conjunctivitis |
Inflammation Unsanitary contact lens |
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Conjunctivitis |
Inflammation Unsanitary contact lens |
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Ophthalmia neonatorum |
Caused by gonorrhea Transmitted — birth canal Prevented - antibiotics |
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Chlamydia trachomatis. What does it cause , transmission and treatment ? |
Causes Inclusion conjunctivitis Transmitted - birth canal, swimming pool water Treatment - tetracycline Causes - trachoma Transmitted - hand contact Treatment - oral |
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What is Keratitis ? |
Inflammation of cornea, bacterial |
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What is Keratitis ? |
Inflammation of cornea, bacterial |
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What is herpetic keratitis ? |
Caused by HSV-1, causes blindness. It’s viral |
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What is Keratitis ? |
Inflammation of cornea, bacterial |
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What is herpetic keratitis ? |
Caused by HSV-1, causes blindness. It’s viral |
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What is Acanthamoeba keratitis ? Treatment ? |
Transmitted by wAter, protozoan Caused by unsanitary contact lens Treatment - eye drops |
