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61 Cards in this Set
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Imperialism |
expanding a nations power and influence |
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Social Darwinism |
the belief that life consists of competitive struggles in which only the fittest survive. They used it to argue that European races were superior to others |
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Extractive Economy |
where the mother country removes the raw materials to be refined, or produced at home |
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Insurrection |
rebellion |
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Guerrilla Warfare |
non-traditional warfare used by small groups of fighters, tactic used by fighters that are outnumbered in battle, consists of hit and run and surprise attack strategies |
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Sphere of Influence |
areas of the country, particularly in China during the late 1800's, where Germany, Russia, Great Britain, and France controlled much of the trade and natural resources |
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Boxer Rebellion |
Chinese people joined secret societies after many people from outside of their country started influencing. One was boxer, since they trained in Martial Arts. They criticized anything western, including Christianity. They killed foreign missionaries and besieged the foreign diplomats' district in Beijing in May of 1900. People from Europe, Japan, and America were called to put down the rebellion. |
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Big Stick Diplomacy |
Diplomatic policy developed by Theodore Roosevelt where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of US imperialistic foreign policy. |
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Panama Canal |
a ship canal 50 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States and used as a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean |
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Militarism |
military glorification |
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Francis Ferdinand |
Archduke of Austria-Hungary, was killed on June 29, 1914 by Gavrillo Princip, started WWII |
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Western Front |
450 miles of trenches stretched from Belgium to Switzerland, crucial for WWII |
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Casualty |
a person killed or injured in a war or accident |
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U-boat |
U-boats were military submarines used by the Germans during WWII. While they were useful against warships, U-boats were the most effective in economic warfare by blockading coasts so resources could not be shipped to Germany's allies. |
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Lusitania |
May 7, 1915, a U-boat sank the British passenger ship Lusitania killing 1,200 people including 128 Americans. Germany kept the US out of the war by promising not to sink any more passenger ships. |
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Zimmerman Note |
In early 1917, 2 things pushed the US into war, the 1st was the Zimmerman Note (German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmerman), and the note encouraged Mexico to declare war against the US if they entered against Germany. When Germany won the war, Mexico would get back Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. |
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Selective Service |
a law passed in Congress in 1917 to create a national draft. In May of 1917, Congress passed it and required all men ages 21 to 30 to register for military service at local polling stations. This was the first time the US government |
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Reparations |
payment made to the victors by the vanquished to cover the costs of a war (payments the Germans were supposed to make) |
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Red Scare |
period in US when there was a suspicion of communism and fear of widespread infiltration of communism in US |
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Henry Ford |
at the center of the American economic boom and the emerging automobile industry, brought mass production to a new level, made the assembly line and scientific management and weekends, raised the standard of living |
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Mass Production |
rapid manufacture of large numbers of identical products |
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Model T |
first affordable care built by Henry Ford; sturdy, reliable, inexpensive, only came in black |
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Assembly Line |
brought production of an automobile from 12 hours to 90 minutes and the price from $850 to $920 |
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Bull market |
a period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices |
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Consumer Revolution |
flood of new, affordable goods becomes available to the public |
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Installment Buying |
a system of paying for goods in which customers promise to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time |
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Prohibition |
a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages |
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Volstead Act |
the means of enforcing Prohibition and the 18th Amendment |
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Bootlegger |
smugglers of illegal alcohol during the prohibition era |
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18th Amendment |
abolished the sale and manufacture of alcohol in the United States |
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Ku Klux Klan |
spread quickly; opposed everything that was not White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) (and conservative), Stephenson's faults and jail sentence led to demise |
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Modernism/Fundamentalism |
trend emphasizing science and secular values over traditional ideas on religion/ literal interpretation and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or section) |
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Charles Lindberg |
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1895-1948) |
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Black Tuesday |
this is the name given to October 29, 1929 this date signaled a selling frenzy on Wall street -- days before stock prices had plunged to desperate levels. Investors were willing to sell their shares for pennies on the dollar or were simply holding on to the worthless certificates |
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Great Depression |
a painful time of global economic collapse |
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Dust Bowl |
The term given to the Great Plains where a severe drought hit, killing all of the crops of the region. The topsoil turned to a fine powdery dust that blew away with the severe, hot winds that wreaked havoc on the farmers who remained. The area earned this name because Plains farmers saw their land literally blow away |
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Hooverville |
shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities in during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression |
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Bread Line |
line of people waiting for food handouts from charities or public agencies |
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Hoover Dam |
a dam built in the 1930s with funding from the federal government, to control the Colorado River. This structure demonstrated Hoover's belief in business and government and harnessed the power of a river to provide electricity and water supply to 7 states |
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Totalitarianism |
form of government, there is a one-party dictatorship that would attempt to regulate every aspect of the lives of the citizens |
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Joseph Stalin |
Rules Communist Party of Russia from 1922-1953. Famous for his purges; cruel, tyrannical, and evil. |
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Adolf Hitler |
leader of Germany from 1922-1945. Leader of Nazi party, blamed Jews for all of Germany troubles |
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Anti-Semitic |
Someone who hates and persecutes Jews like Hitler |
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Appeasement |
practice of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war |
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Pearl Harbor |
United States naval pier and port that was key for traveling ships and vessels to travel west. They often used Oahu, Hawaii as a place to refuel and replenish before finishing their journey. Home to many military and passenger vessels, Pearl Harbor was one of, if not the, largest naval ports of the United States Navy at the time. |
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D-Day |
turning point in the war; day of invasion of Normandy - June, 1944; over 9,000 soldiers died |
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Kamikaze |
Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships, demonstrated the Japanese mindset of never surrendering |
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Manhattan Project |
a secret research and development project of the US to develop the atomic bomb, its success granted the US the bombs that ended the war with Japan as well as ushering the country into the atomic era |
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Holocaust |
a specific genocidal event in twentieth-century history: the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Jews were the primary victims- 6 million were murdered; Gypsies, the handicapped, and Poles were also targeted for destruction or decimation for racial, ethnic, or national reasons. Millions more, including homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Soviet prisoners of war, and political dissidents, also suffered grievous oppression and death under Nazi tyranny |
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Concentration Camp |
holding areas for enemies of the Nazis held for political reasons and not charged with any crime. Eventually used to murder Jews |
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Super Power |
a powerful influential nation with a bloc of allies; specifically the US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War |
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United Nations |
an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security |
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Geneva Convention |
a conference between many countries that agreed to end hostilities and restore peace in French Indochina and Vietnam |
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Cold War |
This period of time following WWII is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years |
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Truman Doctrine |
US policy to stop the Soviet expansion during the Cold War, 1947, sent military and economic aid to countries wanting to establish and develop democratic governments |
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Containment |
separation or to stop spreading, container |
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Marshall Plan |
a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism |
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NATO |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4, 1949. It was formed by France, Denmark, Canada, Belgium- with the purpose to safeguard North Atlantic states from the presumed threat of the Soviet Union Communist block |
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38th Parallel |
after WWII Korea was divided at the 38th parallel for purposes of military occupation. This line then solidified into a political frontier between America-supported Republic Korea and the Soviet backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
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Arms Race |
two or more nations competing to stock pile and develop the most powerful weapons they can |
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Mutually Assured Destruction |
MAD, is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender |
