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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biotic |
living |
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abiotic |
nonliving |
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characteristics of life |
order;response to environment; regulation;reproduction;growth and development;energy |
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symbiotic relationship |
two unlike organisms benefit from each other |
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lost energy goes... |
1. death 2. heat 3. waste |
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duet rule |
only two atoms can fit on first level |
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stable |
equal number of protons and electrons |
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happy |
full outer shells |
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octet rule |
eight atoms in second layer |
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covalent bond |
an attraction between atoms that share one or more outershell electrons |
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Ionic Bond |
an attraction between two oppositely charged ions |
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1-7 |
acid |
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7-14 |
BASE |
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functional group |
atoms that form some type of molecule |
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protein uses |
growth, muscule movement, repair, hormones, reactions, reproduction, transport, nutrition, blood cells |
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hydrolysis |
adding water to break down polymers |
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dehydration |
formation of polymers by loosing water |
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Exergonic Reaction |
a reaction in which energy is lost |
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endergonic reaction |
a reaction in which energy is gained |
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Two things necessaey for chemical reaction |
1. they need to collide 2. be in right place |
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one way digestive system |
food goes in one way and out the other |
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two way digestive system |
food goes in and out the same way |
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steps of digestion |
1. ingest 2. digest 3. absorb 4. eliminate |
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phagocytosis |
a way of cells engulfing other organisms and destroying them |
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lysome |
a structure that carries enzymes and fuses with food and breaks down food and passes out nutrients to other cells |
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duo denim |
intestines
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liver |
produces bile (salt) |
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pancreas |
gland that secretes juice and produces enzymes |
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extracellular |
break down food outside of cells (humans) |
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intracellular |
digests in cell |
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large intestine |
cause of digestive problems |
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Prokaryotic |
smaller, reproduce quicker |
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eukaryotic |
membrane bound organelles |
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hemoglobin |
carries oxygen into red blood cells |
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white blood cells |
cells of the immune system |
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free ribosomes |
make proteins for cytoplasm |
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attached ribosomes |
make proteins that can leave cell |
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ribosomes found in |
rough er and cytoplasm |
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open circulatory system |
lacks capillaries, arteries, veins (ex: grasshopper) |
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closed circulatory system |
has everything |
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Fish |
two chambers (atrium +ventricle) |
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Frog |
3 chambered heart |
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Grasshopper problem |
circulates and gets stuck |
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Fish problem |
low blood pressure |
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amphibian |
blood mixes |
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Artery |
Pressure= highest, speed = highest |
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capillary |
pressure= middle, speed= slowest |
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veins |
pressure=lowest, speed= middle |
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how does blood get back to heart? |
1. Muscele Contraction 2. Valves 3. Chest Expansion |
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Medulla Oblongata |
part of body that recieves state and communicates w heart |
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systolic/ diastolic |
ventricle contraction/ rest |
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Fatty Acids |
hydrophobic |
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Phosphates |
hydrophilic |
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3 organic Molecules make up cell membrane |
1. Phosphate: framework 2. protein: functionality 3. cholestral: strength |
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diffusion |
movement from high concentration to low |
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concentration |
cause particles to diffuse if higher and add heat |
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osmosis |
high water conctration to low (random movement of H2O from hypotonic to hyper tonic solutions |
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hypertonic |
outisde<inside |
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hypotonic |
outside>inside |
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isotonic |
equilibrium |
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criteria for passing through phosphlipid bilayer |
small, neutral, non polar |
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passive transport |
additional energy; high to low ( simple diffusion, osmomosic, faciliatated diffusion) |
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active transport |
Low to high (phagocytosis, exocytosis) |
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Exhaling |
musceles relax |
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inhaling |
diaphragm down, rib cage expands |
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potential energy |
energy that will do work |
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kinetic energy |
always moving |
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ATP + H20 |
ADP +P |
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Source of ATp |
Sugar |
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G1 |
Cells gets bigger |
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S Phase |
Replicating DNA |
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G2 |
Replicating Organelles |
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Mitosis |
process of making daughter cells for a parent cell |
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Chromatin |
consists of Dna and proteins, material |
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Histones |
made up of DNA |
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chromosome |
one strand of chromtain |
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sister chromatids |
identical strands of chromatic |
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Mitosis Order |
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase |
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Meosis |
production of gametes in somatic cells |
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Meiosis 1 |
seperate homologous cells |
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Meiosis 2 |
Seperate Sister Chromatids |
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1 male cell |
4 sperm |
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1 female cell |
1 egg |
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2n= 4 |
n= number of homologous pairs |
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Binary Fussion |
one cell into two |
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budding |
growing and spliting |
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Fragmentation |
growing off of fragment |
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regeneration |
creating a new body part |
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partheogenesis |
reproduction in absence of partner |
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Watson and Crick |
DNA |
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Levine |
Bonds |
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codon |
sequence of nucleotides that code for an amino acid |
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gene |
sequence of nucleotides that code for a protein |
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a= |
t |
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c= |
g |
