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122 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The numerator of 20/100 represents...
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actual test distance
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The denominator of 20/100 represents...
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the distance at which a patient with normal vision can identify the same letter
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A testing distance of 20ft is equal to...
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optical infinity
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Order of visual testing if the patient cannot see the snellen chart...
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CF
HM LP NLP |
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If vision improves with use of the pinhole
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a refractive error may be present
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If vision doesn't improve with use of pinhole
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ocular pathology may be present
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Visual Tests to use with small children
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Allen Cards
Landholt Rings HOTV E Game |
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Swinging flashlight test checks for
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afferent pupillary defect/marcus gunn pupil.
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Always test pupils before.....
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dilation
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4 steps for pupillary evaluation
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-Measurement of pupil size in dim illumination
-Speed of constriction when a bright light is directed in to the eyes -Pupillary response to near fixation -The swinging light test to quantify direct and consensual reaction |
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Normal pupillary response to direct light...
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constriction of pupil on that side
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When light is directed into one eye while the second eye is observed
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Consensual light reflex, constriction of unilluminated eye when the other eye is directly illuminated
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blue eyed, young children, who are myopic often have ____ pupils
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larger pupils
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Infants and elderly people have ______ pupils
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small pupils
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Causes of abnormal pupillary shape
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Congenital abnormalities
inflammation of iris trauma to eye surgical intervention |
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Anisocoria is
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unequal pupils
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In room light, normal adult pupil is ____ mm
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3-5 mm
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Accommodative triad
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the eyes converge
the pupils constrict the crystalline lens increases its curvature and thickness which creates additional plus power |
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If the pupil dilates when light is shown into it the patient may have ...
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Afferent pupillary defect
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Adie's tonic pupil
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Pupil is dilated and responds very slowly to light stimulation but better to near stimulation
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Horner's Syndrome
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miosis, ptosis, anhidrosis
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Argyll robertson pupil
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irregular pupil in shape
nonreactive to direct & consensual light sign of late syphillis |
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Average protrustion of the eye ____ mm
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16mm
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Purpose of exophthalmometer
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evaluates the protrusion of the eye by measuring the distance between the anterior surface of the cornea and the bony margin of the orbit
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Proptosis/Exophthalmos
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abnormal protrusion of the eye
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Enophthalmus
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backwards displacement of the eye into the orbit
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Graves' Disease
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exophthalmos & thyroid eye disease
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Mirrors in the Hertel exopthalmometer are set at
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45 degrees
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Schirmer's Test measures...
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the sum of basal and reflex tearing in 5 min.
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Schirmer's Test 2 measures...
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only the basal secretion (anesthetic instilled)
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Phenol Thread test
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eye tested individually to assess tear production
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Photosensitive pigment of cones
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blue, green, red
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Photosensitive pigment of rods
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deep green
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Trichromats
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have normal color vision
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Number of rods
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130 million
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Number of Cones
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6 million
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Human eye can see colors in the electromagnetic spectrum between
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380- 760 nm
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Anamalous trichomat
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partial deficiency of one of the cone pigments
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Dichromat
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complete deficiency of one pigment but perceives the other two
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Most common pigment deficiency (8 - 10% males)
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Anamalous Trichomat "red/green color blindness"
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Red deficient
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protan
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green deficient
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deauteran
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blue deficient
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tritan
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Congenital color defects are often in ____ eye(s)
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both eyes
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Aquired color defects are often in _____ eye(s)
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one eye
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Farnsworth Munsel 100 hue test has ______ caps of verious colos in _______ trays
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85 caps
4 trays |
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In general aquired diseases of the optic nerve cause a ____________ color deficiency
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red/green color dificiency
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In general ___________ is very rarely congenital
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Blue/yellow color dificiency
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Ishihara test plates detect Blue/yellow deficiencies. T/F?
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False, red/green
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Two types of slit/lamp
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Zeiss/Haag streit
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Attachments to Slit lamp
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Hruby 55D
Fundus contact lens Pachymeter Applanation Tonometer Camera |
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Lenses that can be used to observe the fundus
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+90D
+78D -55D |
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Primary goal of the slit lamp
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Evaluate AC depth
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Dark band 1/3 width corneal thickness
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deep chamber/wide angle
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Thin dark band less than .25 of the corneal light band
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shallow chamber/narrow angle
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The term used for misalignment of the eyes
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strabismus
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A constant eye turn
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tropia
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The purpose of the motility exam is:
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To determine how one eye moves in relation to the other
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True or False?
Straight ahead, or straight up and down are considered a cardinal position of gaze. |
False, not a cardinal position
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How many lights will a patient see with the worth 4 dot if they are orthophoric
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4
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The key to performing any type of peripheral vision exam.
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Have the patient maintain fixation
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A color vision test that utilizes one fixed and 15 moveable, multicolored caps
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Farnsworth D-15
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Appearance of normal D-15
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Connected circle
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The most common method of sterilization
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steam
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Required before any surgical procedure
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Informed consent
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Most common form of Injectable anesthetic
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Lidocaine
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Name the procedure: clamp, scalpel, forceps, curette, and fine scissors
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Chalazion excison
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Surgical gowns, instrument tray, and drapes are examples of?
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Sterile operating field
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Most important step of the slit lamp exam
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Patient comfort
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Another name for the slit lamp
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Biomicroscope
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What area of the iris should be observed when estimating AC depth with a penlight
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Nasal iris
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Will shorten the life of the Slit lamp bulb
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Using the highest voltage setting
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The ocular structure damaged by increased IOP
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Optic nerve
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The test positions for checking the calibration of the Goldmann tonometer
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0,20, and 60 mmHg
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Wide mires in applanation tonometry will result in:
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False high readings
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Patients IOP reading when the drum is on 2
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20 mmHG
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Applanation means
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To flatten
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Schoitz may give inaccurate reading in children and high myopes due to
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scleral elasticity
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Tip of the goldmann tonometer is ________ mm in diameter
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3.06 mm
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If the cornea has > 3 D of cylinder then the...
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biprism is rotated so that the red line on the prism holder is aligned with the minus cylinder axis
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Normal IOP
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10-21 mmHG
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CCT of less that 555 microns will give artificially ____ readings on AT
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low readings
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Due to Diurnal variation IOP is usually _____ in the mornings
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IOP is usually Higher in the mornings
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Normal eyes vary by
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4mmHG
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Applanation tonometry measures
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corneas rigidity to pressure
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three factors that affect IOP
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refractive error
age Race |
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Cover/Uncover test can also reveal the presence of
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exo/eso
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During cover/uncover test a patient w/ phoria, the response of the eye covered is to...
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remain straight
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Cover test is performed by
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covering one eye and observing the movement of the "uncovered eye"
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Cover/Uncover test reveals
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tropia
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Concomitant Deviations
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amt of deviation is the same in all positions of gaze (initially childhood problems)
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Incomitant deviations
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amt of deviation varies in different positions of gaze
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HIV can be killed by
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alcohol wipe
3% hydrogen peroxide solution of 1:10 household bleach |
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Cleaning of the phoropter must be done every ____ yrs
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2 years
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Storing the retinoscope on its side will result in a
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c shaped distortion due to a bent filament
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Clean the bowl of the bowl perimeter with
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soap and water
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Calibration of the Keratometer is done with
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steel spheres of known radius
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Answering each telephone call at the office requires
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100% compliance
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Day(s) that have the greatest number of calls
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Mondays and Fridays
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Urgent Problems are...
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same day appointments
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Emergent Problems are...
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patients that need to be seen asap
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Semi-Urgent (Priority) problems are...
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patients that should be seen within days of their initial complaint
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Routine problems are
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make a routine appt
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Vicryl sutures are
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absorbable
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Silk, Nylon, Polypropolene sutures are
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nonabsorbable
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Taper point needle
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use for delicate tissue
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Cutting point needle
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largely replaced by reverse cutting point
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Reverse Cutting point needle
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used for resistant tissue
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Spatula point needle
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used in the cornea and sclera where penetration must be precise
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Forceps
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resemble tweezers
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Skin can never be ___
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Sterile
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Sterile
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free from living organisms after completion of a mechanical or chemical sterilization process
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If a sterile item touches a non sterile item it is
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contaminated
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Gas sterilization is mostly used in
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commercial sterilization
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Light reflex is seen on the temporal iris in the right eye
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RET
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Light reflex is seen on the temporal iris in the left eye
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LET
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Light reflex is seen on the nasal iris in the left eye
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LXT
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Light reflex is seen on the inferior iris left eye
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LHT
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during cover uncover test upon covering the left eye, the patients uncovered right eye turns out from an inward position
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RET
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During the cover uncover test upon covering the right eye the patients uncovered left eye turns in from an outward position
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LXT
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During alt cover test upon removing the cover from the left eye, the left eye turns in from an outward position
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exodeviation
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During the alt cover test upon removing the cover from the right eye the right turns out from the inward position
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esodeviation
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