Final Review

Front 1

asymptomatic

Back 1

without symptoms

Front 2

defecation

Back 2

elimination of feces from the gastrointestinal tract through the rectum

Front 3

duodenal bulb

Back 3

upper duodenal area just beyond the pylorus

Front 4

endoscope

Back 4

intrument consisting of a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and optical system for observing the insde of a hollow organ or caity

Front 5

exocrine

Back 5

pertaining to a gland that excretes outwardly through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel

Front 6

friable

Back 6

easily broken or pulverized

Front 7

pepsin

Back 7

enzyme secreted in the stomach that begins the digestion of proteins

Front 8

punctate

Back 8

having pinpoint punctures or depressions on the surface; marked with dots

Front 9

varices

Back 9

tortuous dilations of a vein

Front 10

sphincter

Back 10

circular muscle constricting an orifice, such as the pyloric sphinctter around the openinf of the stomach into the duodenum

Front 11

oral

Back 11

concerning the mouth

Front 12

stomatitis

Back 12

inflammation of the mouth

Front 13

glossectomy

Back 13

excision of the tongue

Front 14

cheiloplasty

Back 14

surgical repair of a defected lip

Front 15

labial

Back 15

concerning the lips

Front 16

gingivectomy

Back 16

excision of diseased gingival tissue in surgical treatment of periodontal disease

Front 17

sialolith

Back 17

calculus formed in a salivary gland or duct

Front 18

pylorospasm

Back 18

involuntary contraction of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach, as in pyloric stenosis

Front 19

jejunorrhaphy

Back 19

suture of the jejunum

Front 20

ileostomy

Back 20

creation of an opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall

Front 21

sigmoidotomy

Back 21

incision of the the sigmoid colon

Front 22

rectocele

Back 22

herniation of the rectum

Front 23

hepatomegaly

Back 23

swelling of the liver

Front 24

pancreatolysis

Back 24

destruction of the pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

Front 25

cholangiole

Back 25

small terminal portion of the bile duct

Front 26

cholelith

Back 26

gallstone

Front 27

choledochoplasty

Back 27

wsurgical repair of the common bile duct

Front 28

hyperemesis

Back 28

excessive vomiting

Front 29

cholelithiasis

Back 29

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

Front 30

dyspepsia

Back 30

epigastric discomfort felt after eating, also called indigestion

Front 31

anorexia

Back 31

without appetite r3esulting in inability to eat

Front 32

aerophagia

Back 32

swallowing of air

Front 33

postprandial

Back 33

after a meal

Front 34

steatorrhea

Back 34

excessive amount of fat discharged in fecal matter

Front 35

appendicitis

Back 35

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

Front 36

ascites

Back 36

accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

Front 37

borborygmus

Back 37

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and cuased by the passage of gas through the liquid contents pf the intestine

Front 38

cachexia

Back 38

general lack of nutrition and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance

Front 39

Chrohn Disease
regional eneteritis

Back 39

chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly not affecting any portion of the intestinal tract

Front 40

cirrhosis

Back 40

chronic irreversible degenerative disease of the liver

Front 41

colic

Back 41

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ accompanied by pain, especially in the colon

Front 42

deglutition

Back 42

act of swallowing

Front 43

persitalsis

Back 43

coordinated rhythmic contractions that propel food through the GI tract

Front 44

mastication

Back 44

chewing, process in which food is mashed by teeth and broken down by saliva

Front 45

colic

Back 45

spasm of any hollow or tubular soft organd accompanied by pain, especially in the colon

Front 46

deglutition

Back 46

act of swallowing

Front 47

dysentery

Back 47

inflammation of the interstin, especially the colon, possibly caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites that results in bloody diarrhea

Front 48

dysphagia

Back 48

difficulty swallowing or eating

Front 49

eructation

Back 49

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characterisitv sound - belching

Front 50

fecalith

Back 50

fecal concretion

Front 51

flatus

Back 51

gas in the GI tract; expeilling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

Front 52

GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease

Back 52

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

Front 53

halitosis

Back 53

bad breath

Front 54

hematememis

Back 54

vomiting of blood

Front 55

obstipation

Back 55

intestinal obstruction; also called severe constipation

Front 56

irritable bowel syndrome
IBS

Back 56

sumptom comples marked by abdomnal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternation of the two) for which no organic caused can be determined
spastic colon

Front 57

melena

Back 57

passage od dark colored tarry stools due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

Front 58

regurgitation

Back 58

backward flowing as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach or the backward of blood through a defective heart valve

Front 59

liver function tests

Back 59

tests involving measurement of the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin and various proteins

Front 60

stool guaiac

Back 60

applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult

Front 61

serum bilirubin

Back 61

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the bllod

Front 62

upper GI endoscopy

Back 62

visual examination of the eosphagus, stomach, and duodenum

Front 63

lower GI endoscopy

Back 63

endoscopy of the colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

Front 64

barium enema
upper GI series

Back 64

radiographic exmaination of the rectum and colon following enema adminstration of a barium sulfate into the rectum

Front 65

barium swallow
lower GI series

Back 65

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following an oral administration of barium sulfate

Front 66

anastomosis

Back 66

surgical joining of two duxts, vessel,s or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Front 67

lithotripsy

Back 67

procedure for elimination a stone within the urinary system or gallbladder by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method

Front 68

anatacids

Back 68

neutralized stomach acid

Front 69

antidiarrheals

Back 69

control loose stools, relieve diarrhea

Front 70

antiemetics

Back 70

control nausea and vomiting

Front 71

antispasmodics

Back 71

decrease gastrointestinal spasm

Front 72

laxative

Back 72

treat constipation

Front 73

surfactant

Back 73

lipoprotein that contributes to lungs elasticity and decareases surface tension

Front 74

sputum

Back 74

secretions produced in the lungs andbronchi that are expelled by coughing and may contain pathological elements

Front 75

respiratory failure

Back 75

inability of the cardiac and pulmonary systems to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxidein the lungs

Front 76

asphyxia

Back 76

condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen

Front 77

Cheyne-Sotkes respiration
death breathing

Back 77

repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration

Front 78

compliance

Back 78

ease with which lung tissue can be stretched

Front 79

coryza

Back 79

head cold, upper respiratory infection

Front 80

finger clubbing

Back 80

enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease

Front 81

pleurisy

Back 81

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing