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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a between subjects t-test assess? |
whether the mean of a continuous variable differs between groups |
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what is the null hypothesis in a between subjects t-test? |
that the mean of the continuous variable is the same for the two groups |
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what does a paired samples t-test test |
whether the difference between the mean of two variables is different among a single set of respondents |
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what is the null hypothesis in a within subjects t-test? |
that the means of the two variables are not different |
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what other test is comparable to a between subjects t-test? |
one-way or between-subjects ANOVA |
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what other test is comparable to a paired samples t-test? |
within subjects ANOVA |
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what is one assumption of most statistical tests we have covered? |
independence of observations and representative sampling |
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what does homogeneity of variances mean for a one-way anova? |
the variances in the two groups are not different |
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what test would i use to assess whether grades of women and men in this class differed signifigantly? |
between-subjects test of one-way anova |
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what test would i use to assess whether the midterm and final grades of students in this class differed? |
paired samples t-test of within subjects anova |
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the formula for a between subjects t-test = what divided by the standard error of the difference? |
the difference between group means |
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what are the two of the three factors that influence the significance of between group differences in a between subjects t-test or anova? |
sample size, mean differences, within group variance |
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what does levene's test for equality of variances tell you? (what is the term for it?) |
whether the means for the two groups are equal or not (homogeneity) |
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what is one difference between parametric and nonparametric tests? |
parametric tests are more powerful, but they also make more assumptions |
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what does mcnamar's test assess? |
look up |
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what does anova stand for/ |
analysis of variance |
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in what way is a one-way anova an extension of a between subjects t-test? |
it allows you to compare the means of more than two groups |
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in an anova with two independent variables, what does a significant interaction indicate? |
the effect of one of the independent variables on the dependent variable differs as a function of the value of the second independent variable |
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what is type 1 error |
the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when you should accept it |
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what is type II error |
the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when you should reject it |
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which type of error is a concern when you conduct multiple test of differences between groups |
type I |
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what is one way to correct concerns about large family-wise error rates |
bonferroni or post hoc testing methods like turkey |
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what is the null hypothesis in a one-way between subjects ANOVA? |
that the means of all the groups are equal |
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in what way is a within subjects anova an extension of a paired samples t-test |
it allows you to compare the means of more than two variables |
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what is the null hypothesis of a within subjects anova |
that the means of all the variables are equal |
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which is more commonly used with experiments: anova, correlation or regression |
anova |
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what is a factor in an anova |
a nominal IV with 2 or more categories |
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what is the difference between an observed and an experimental factor in an anova |
observed factors are measured whereas experimental factors are manipulated |
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the f-statistic in an anova is a ratio of the mean squares what divided by the mean squares what |
between and within |
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what statistic would you use to assess whether average evaluation of local government varied across four cities |
anova/regression |
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what is the difference between anova and manova |
manova involves multiple independent variables |
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complete the sentence: blank are useful tools for interpreting interactions |
graphs or charts |
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a chi-squared test of association test whether two variables of what type are associated |
categorical |
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a pearson correlation coefficient tests whether two variables of what type are associated |
continuous |
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what is the formula for df for a chi squared test of association |
(rows-1)(columns-1) |
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how do you estimate "Expected" frequencies for a cell in a chi-squared test of association? |
row total x column total divided by table totaled |
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what test would you use to test whether the proportions of men and women are different for the various UI campuses? |
chi squared test |
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what is the test of association used to assess inter-coder reliability |
kappa |
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what is the difference between interpreting an unstandardized regression coefficient and a standardized one |
unstandardized regression coefficients are interpreted using the scaling of the variable (the unstandardized regression coefficient represents the change in the dv for one unit of change in the iv). standardized regression coefficients do so in terms of standard deviations |
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in a multivariate regression, what does r-squared tell you |
the total proportion of of variance in the dv that is explained by all the ivs |
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in a regression, what is the residual |
the difference between the predicted and actual value of the dv |
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in a regression, how would you calculate the predicted value for a specific case |
using a formula constructed from the constant, the unstandardized regression coefficients for each iv and the value of each iv |
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if you wanted to examine the effect of gender on self-esteem controlling for several objective measures of achievement such as gpa and current salary, what test would you use |
either mancova or multiple regression |
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in a regression, what type of variables can be used to represent categorical independent variables with more than 2 categories |
dummy variables |
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how would you test a hypothesis about moderation |
using an interaction |
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what does mediation test |
whether the effect of an iv on a dv occurs through a third variable; mechanisms |
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what is the difference between exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis |
in exploratory factor analysis, the researcher relies on the data to tell him what underlying factors exist and what measures reflect those factors; in confirmatory factor analysis, the researcher tests his hypotheses that specific measures reflect specific underlying factors |
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what is the data analysis approach that examines the nature of associations between nodes or units of analysis |
network analysis |
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what type of analysis approach can account for data from multiple levels of analysis |
multiple level modeling or hierarchical linear modeling |
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what type of analysis approach allows the researcher to test a model with complex casual relationships between multiple iv and dvs |
structural equation modeling or covariance structure modeling |
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what measure of central tendency is appropriate for a nominal variable |
mode |
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is annual budget reported in dollars a nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio varaible |
ratio |
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what is one measure of dispersion |
standard deviation, variance, range, minimum and maximum |
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what is the most frequent value of a variable |
mode |
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what is coverage error |
error that occurs when part of the population is not covered by the sampling frame |
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what is possible when a probability sampling method is used that is not possible when non probability sampling methods are used |
generalizing to a population |
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in probability samples, all cases in the sample frame have a blank and nonzero probability of being selected |
known |
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what is a method of displaying and analyzing spatial information |
gis |
