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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obstetrics |
the medical specialty dealing with pregnancy and childbirth |
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gravida = |
pregant |
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primigravida |
woman who has been pregnant once |
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multigravida |
woman who has been pregnant more than once |
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embryo |
what the baby is called in the first 8 weeks following conception |
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fetus |
is that the baby is called after 8 weeks of pregnancy |
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gestation ( length of pregnancy) |
is 37 to 42 weeks |
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hormones secreted by the baby |
trigger the start of labour |
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the uterus contracts to dilate the _____ |
cervix |
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the horomone oxytocin |
controls the contractions |
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at some point during the labour |
the amniotic sac pops open (the water breaks) |
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only about 10% of births begin with the water breaking |
before contractions have begun |
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once the cervix has dilated past the widest part of the baby's head, |
the uterus begins to push the baby down the birth canal (vagina) |
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pushing usually slows down as |
the baby's head crowns (begins to emerge) |
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after the baby's head is born |
the baby spontaneously turns to allow delivery of the shoulders. |
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in the first few minutes after the baby is born, |
the cord gradually stops pulsing and can be safely cut. |
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in the final stage of labour, |
the placenta is expelled and the uterus clamps down on itself to prevent hemorrage |
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during postpartum period |
the uterus will gradually return to its pre-pregnancy size. |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
pull |
uterus contracts to pull cervix up over baby's head |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
push |
uterus pushes baby toward the exit |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
shape-shift |
mom and baby accommodate to each other's shape |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
turn |
baby turns it's shoulders |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
slide |
baby slides out; placenta slides out |
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The Basic Mechanics of birth:
shrink |
uterus shrinks down to prevent blood loss |
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artificial induction of labour is common |
hormone-containing gel inserted in vagina synthetic oxytocin administered by IV |
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epidural |
-continuous anesthetic is administered via a catheter inserted along the woman's spine
-she becomes numb from the waist down and must be confined to bed |
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augmentation |
labour is artificially intensified by synthetic oxytocin to speed up the labour |
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artificial rupture of membrane (ARM) |
the baby's water sac is artificially broken by inserting a long plastic hook up the mother's vagina |
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continuous fetal monitoring |
-because the anethetized mother cannot provide feedback about the progress of her labour or the baby's condition, an electronic fetal monitor is strapped to the mothers abdomen
-electrodes may also be screwed into the baby's scalp |
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assisted delivery |
forceps or a vacuum are applied to the baby's head and the baby is manually pulled out of the birth canal |
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episiotomy |
-to make extra room for the instruments needed in assisted birth, the woman's perineum is cut through all skin and muscle layers
-many obstetricians also do this routinely to "prevent tearing"
-the incision must be surgically repaired |
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cesarean section |
-surgical delivery of baby -many women who have had a C-section will elect to have repeat surgery with subsequent pregnancies |
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VBAC=vaginal birth after cesarean |
for some women who have previously had a cesarean section, being able to give birth vaginally in a subsequent pregnancy can be a very healing experience. |
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amniocentesis |
-a needed is used to withdraw a sample of amniotic fluid from around the fetus
-fluid is sent for genetic testing |
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ectopic pregnancy |
-embryo implants outside of the uterus -the pregnancy is not viable (cannot survive) |
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hyperemesis gravidarium |
-extreme morning sickness -mother is in danger of dehydration |
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pregnancy-induced hypertension |
severe high blood pressure and swelling of hands, face, feet
caused by retention of toxins in the mother's system
can lead to convulsions in mother and problems for baby |
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gestational diabetes |
high blood sugar during pregnancy
goes back to normal after the birth
increases risk of extremely large baby |
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shoulder dystocia |
stuck shoulders
baby fails to rotate to allow shoulders to ease out
or baby is simply too big for mother's pelvis and gets stuck |
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placenta previa |
the placenta is abnormally positioned so that it covers the cervix
blocks the baby's exit from the womb
requires surgical delivery of the baby |
