Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are effective alternatives for patients with a penicillin allergy?
|
Vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin
|
|
|
Can you mix PCN with aminoglycosides in same IV?
|
No, PCN inactivates the aminoglycoside
|
|
|
what gen of cephalosporins is highly resistant to beta lactamase?
|
3rd/4th gen
|
|
|
What gen of cephalosporins is more active against gram negative bacteria, and are able to penetrate the csf?
|
3rd/4th gen
|
|
|
How should vanco be administered?
|
intermittent infusion over 90 minutes
|
|
|
Adverse effects of tetracyclines?
|
GI irritation, stained teeth, suppression of long bone growth, superinfection, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, photosensitivity
|
|
|
What is red man syndrome?
|
infusing vanco too fast causes it: rash, itchy, HR inc, hypotension
|
|
|
Major uses for doxycycline
|
Lyme disease, anthrax, chlamydia, periodontal disease
|
|
|
Therapeutc use for macrolides?
|
Pneumonia, pertussis, diptheria, chlamydia, bird flu, resp tract infections
|
|
|
Name the major macrolides.
|
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, dirythromycin
|
|
|
What is the major adverse effect of chloramphenicol?
|
Gray Syndrome (vomiting, abd distension, gray skin), Irreversible bone marrow suppression
|
|
|
What do you use parenteral aminoglycosides for?
|
To treat serious aerobic gram neg infections, esp. p. aeuginosa and e coli
|
|
|
When are peak levels drawn?
|
30 minutes after IM or 30 mins after IV infusion ends
|
|
|
When are trough levels drawn?
|
For divided doses: take immediately prior to next dose
For single doses: take 1 hour before next dose |
|
|
What are signs of ototoxicity?
|
HA, tinnitis, dizzy, can't hear high frequencies, caused by trough levels that are too high
|
|
|
aDVERSE EFFECTS OF SULFONAMIDES
|
Stevens Johnson Syndrome (hypersensitivity), kernicterus
|
|
|
Bactrim increases levels of which drugs?
|
warfarin, phenytoion, sulfonyluria type hypoglycemics
|
|
|
Which drug makes pee brown?
|
Nitrofurantoin
|
|
|
Can nitrofurantoin be given to ppl with diminished renal function?
|
No bc it causes toxicity and not enough is excreted in the urine to work
|
|
|
If youre on INH you need to )_____the dose of your phenytoin.
|
decrease
|
|
|
Which TB drug causes optic neuritis?
|
Ethambutol and INH
|
|
|
Can cipro or any other fluoroquinolone be given to kids, or pregnant/nursing moms?
|
No-it causes tendon rupture in kids and damages cartilage in moms
|
|
|
What happens if Flagyl and alcohol are combined?
|
Antabuse type reaction
|
|
|
Adverse effects of amphotericin B (DOC for systemic mycoses)?
|
toxic to kidneys, hypokalemia, infision rxns, bone marrow suppression
|
|
|
What happens when you mix antifungals with statins?
|
rhabdomyolysis (muscle degeneration)
|
|
|
Why are solid tumors generally unresponsive to chemo?
|
Bc they have a low growth fraction
|
|
|
What is stomatitis?
|
inflammation of the oral mucosa
|
|
|
How does chemo cause N/V?
|
Stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone
|
|
|
When do chemo patients regrow their hair?
|
1-2 months after last tx
|
|
|
How are chemo drugs known as vesicants administered?
|
IV push through sidearm in freely flowing IV line
|
|
|
What is extravasion?
|
necrosis and sloughing of tissue
|
|
|
What are the miajot side effects of levodopa?
|
N/V movement disorders, postural hypotension, dysrhythmias, psychosis, darkened sweat and urine
|
|
|
What is the MOA of antiepileptic drugs?
|
suppresses sodium and calcium influx, blocks glutamate, potentiates GABA
|
|
|
Therapeutic serum range for dilantin?
|
10-20
|
|
|
How is IV dilantin administered?
|
slowly in dilute solution of NS. Do not mix with other med
|
|
|
How many mg/min dilantin can be administered?
|
no more than 50mg/min to prevent cardiac collapse
|
|
|
MAjor side effects of carbamezipine (antiepileptic)
|
water retention, leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatic inducer
|
|
|
Adverse effects of valproic acid
|
weight gain, GI problems
|
|
|
CLinical manifestatuions of liver injury to warn pts of taking valproic acid
|
Jaundice, decreased appetite, malaise, nausea, abdominal pain
|
|
|
What happens when mu receptors are activated?
|
CNS depression, euphoria
|
|
|
Why is demerol used in pts who have had biliary surgery instead of morphine?
|
BC demerol is less likely to cause biliary colic
|
|
|
What is ergotism?
|
toxicity of ergot alkaloids for headache: causes gangrene and tingly extremities
|
|
|
Can pregnant moms take ergot headache meds?
|
NO-causes contractions
|
|
|
What are the chest symptoms associated with triptans? Adverse effect of greatest concern?
|
HEavy arms, chest pressure.
Coronary vasospasm |
|
|
Should you use a triptan with an ergot alkaloid?
|
NO. PRolonged vasospasm.
|
|
|
Can you use a triptan with an MAOI?
|
No. triptan toxicity.
|
|
|
What does estrogen do to bone?
|
Positive effect on bone mass. blocks resorption, promotes long bone growth in young girls.
|
