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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Patient with Severe proteinuria (>3.5g/day) will have what type of condtion?
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INtercapillary glomerulsclerosis***
Lupus nerphritis GLomerulonephritis |
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What stage would Preeclampsia*** or Tubular intersitial disease fall under with proteinuria?
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Moderate (.5-3.5g/day)
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What type of condtion fall under minimal proteinuria (<0.5g/day)?
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Polycystic kidneys
Chronic pyelonephritis |
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What is the pH range of Urine?
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4.6-8.0
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What happens when urine is left out?
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develops ammonia odor due to breakdown of urea by bacteria
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Increased number of Renal tubular epithelial cells is suggestive of what?
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pyelonephritis, acute tubular necrosis
KIDNEY TRANSPLANT REJECTION |
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What are the other types of epi cells?
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Transitional (two/four x large than WBC)
Squamous cells |
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Large , flat irregulary shaped cells containg a small central nucleus, that occurs mainly in the urethra and vagina?
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Squamous epi cells
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What causes Schistosoma?
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Haematobium
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What is the initial focus for microscopic exam of UA?
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low power or 10x
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Examine a minimum of how many fields for urine micoscopic?
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10-15 fields
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What is the most frequently but yet most difficult cast to see in urine?
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hyaline cast
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Why are hyaline cast so hard too see?
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because of the low refractive index
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What type of cast is se with degenerative tubular disease?
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Fatty cast (fatty degeneration)
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Crystals are identified by what two things?
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appearance and pH
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What type of crystal is hexagonal or diamond shape. Usually normal?
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Uric acid
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What is the patholgical condtion of Uric acid crystals?
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GOUT
high purine metabolism acute febrile condtions |
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What is elongated prisms (needles) or plates?
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hippuric acid
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What crystals are spheroids with radial and concentric striations?
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Leucine
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How is tyrosine crystals described/
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Fine, highly refractile needles occuring in sheaves or bundles
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May appear as octahedral, envelope shape, spheres discs that may be dumbbell shaped?
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Calcium oxalate
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What are some conditions with patient that have Calcium oxalate crystals?
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ethylene GYCOLPOISONING
Liver disease |
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What has "coffin lid" shape?
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Triple phosphate
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Has a dumbbell, spherical, large granula mass?
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calcium carbonate
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What gives a window plane appearance large, flat transparent plates?
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Cholesterol crystals
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What is the time frame and speed for RPR test?
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8 minutes at 100rpm
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RPR tests must be comfirmed with what after being reactive?
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Fluorescent Treponemal antibody absorption, with flocculation
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What is found on the slide after FTA-ABS test?
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Dead T.pallidum
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What are the two types of QC for RPR testing?
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Mechanical
Antigen needle |
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For testing procedure, gently rotate the monospot sample for how long at what speed?
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3mins at 60-100rpm
looking for agglutination after the aforementationed period of time |
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Fecal occult blood is defined how?
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presence of hidden or unseen blood in the stool
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Pt with lower GI bleed may have stool present how?
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bright red blood
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What is dark to mahogony blood in stool a result of?
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Upper GI tract bleeding
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What is the method of collection for Occult blood?
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meat free for 3 days
high fiber (lettuce, corn, bran) 3 card 3 seperate days Use aliquot from the center of the stool in two different areas |
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Increased urinary levels of HCG from the basis of most tests for what things? mainly in men?
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pregnancy
Trophoblastic tumors |
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Quantitative HCG is used for the following?
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Estimate gestational age
To diagnose very early pregnancy Low hormone defincieny |
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What encompasses the cytoplasm?
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cell wall
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what does pili do for bacterial cells?
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provides attachment
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what provides motility?
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flagella
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What is an example of Peritrichous?
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E. coli
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What is spherical or oviod in shape?
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coccus
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What is arranged in pairs, singles, clusters?
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Staph
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Tetrads and chains is considered?
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strept
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Lacks a distinct shape?
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pleomorphic
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What type of toxin act on GI tract causing diarrhea?
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enterotoxins
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What is the Primary stain?
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crystal violet
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What is your Mordant stain?
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gram's iodine
Capable of intensfying or deepening the reaction of a specimen to a stain |
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What type of gram stain is Neisseria gonorrhea?
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Gram negative diplococci (intra/extracellular)
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What is Gram positive cocci(singles, pairs, tetrad or clusters)
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staphy
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What is the gram staining of Streptococcus species?
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Gram positive cocci (short and long chaines
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What has a Gram positive Lancet shaped diplococci?
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Streptococcus pneumonia
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What is gram stain of Escherichia coli?
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Gram negative bacilli
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What is the gram stain of Proteus species?
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Gram neg Bacilli
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What is Gram neg bacilli that maybe curved shaped with motil flagellum?
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vibrio species
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What is gram stain of V. cholerae?
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Gram neg bacilli
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What has Gram positive rod?
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Clostridium species anaerobic spore former
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What is Haemophilus species?
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Gran neg coccobacilli
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What is the GS of bacillus species?
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Gram postiive bacilli
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Characteristics of Chinease letter or L,V, Yshapes?
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Corynebacterium (gram (+) bacilli
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What is the development of schizonts in the liver called?
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Pre-erythrocytic cycle
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What is the most fatal type of malaria?
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Plasmodium Falciparum
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Most common of the malaria types?
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Plasmodium vivax (tertian in 48 hrs)
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THin malaria smear is made just like the diff smear and allow to air dry for how long?
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10min
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How long should a thick smear allow to dry?
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over night
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After flooding the slides with Giemsa stain for malaria smears, how long should you allow to stand?
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20min
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