Final Info I Dont Know

Front 1

External validity:

Back 1

the extent to which we can generalize our finding beyond the study itself. (pg18)

Front 2

Internal validity

Back 2

reflects how confident we can be in the results of a particular given study.

Front 3

Direct effect problem

Back 3

even with strong positive or negative association between variables, correlation does not allow us to draw any conclusions about directionality.

Front 4

Resilience

Back 4

the ability to adapt successfully to very difficult circumstances.

Front 5

Neurotransmitters

Back 5

chemical substances that are released into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron when a nerve impulse occurs.
 Norepinphrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, gamma aminobutyric acid

Front 6

Phenotype

Back 6

the observed structural and functional characteristics that result from an interaction of the genotype and the environment

Front 7

Behavior genetics

Back 7

the field of study that focuses on the heritability or mental disorders
 Family history method (pedigree): requires the investigator observe samples of relatives of each proband or index case (the subject, or carrier of the trait or disorder in question) to see whether the incident increase in proportion to the degree of hereditary relationship.
 Twin method: used to study genetic influences on abnormal behavior
 Concordance: the percentage of twins sharing the disorder or trait.
 Adoption method: comparison of biological and adoptive relatives with and without a given disorder to asses genetic versus environmental influences.

Front 8

Ego psychology

Back 8

its concentration was on how the ego performed its central functions as the “executive” of personality. Its when the ego does not adequately control impulse gratification or use the defense mechanisms when faced with internal conflicts.

Front 9

Interpersonal perspective

Back 9

unfortunate tendencies we have develop while dealing with our interpersonal environments.

Front 10

Behavioral perspective

Back 10

: a viewpoint organized around the theme that learning is central in determining human behavior
 Learning: the modification of behavior as a consequence of experience.
 Classical conditioning:
 Operant conditioning:
• Reinforcement:
 Observational learning:

Front 11

Cognitive behavior perspective

Back 11

how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior.
 Internal reinforcement: when we human beings regulate behavior by internal symbolic processes—thoughts.
 Self-efficiency: the belief that one can achieve desired goals
 Schema:
 Self-schema:

Front 12

Risks and causal factors in cardiovascular disease

Back 12

 Chronic and acute stress
 Personality:
• Type A person: competitive, workaholic, impatient, hostile.
• Type B person: laid back, less time pressured.
• Type C person: stoic (I accept what g-d gave me) accept everything
 Depression: much more commonly found in people who have heart disease
 Anxiety: linked to CHD
 Social support: people who have a small social network or little emotional support are more likely to develop CHD over time

Front 13

Adjustment disorder

Back 13

: a person’s response to a common stressor is maladaptive
 Caused by unemployment, divorce and separation

Front 14

Treatments for stress disorders

Back 14

to help people recover from traumatic events naturally
 Telephone hotlines
 Psychological first aid
 Crisis intervention