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15 Cards in this Set
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Massive Resistance |
VA adopted this policy after the Brown vs. Board court case ruling. They did everything they could to resist schools with blacks Set up private schools for whites, only way to get around court's rules Federal Court ordered public schools in Prince Edward County, Farmville to desegregate, instead they shut down every school system leaving African Americans had nowhere to go.Lasted for 5 years of no public schools, only private for whitesSchools would reopen 5 years later .Had to bring in state troopers to escort the students to class |
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Election of 1960 |
Dem. John F. Kennedy WON V.P Lyndon B. Johnson Rep. Richard M. Nixon V.P For Eisenhower for 8 years The incumbent president Dwight D. Eisenhower (republican) was not eligible for re-election after being elected the maximum two times allowed by the 22nd amendment (he was the first president affected by that amendment)- First election in which voters in Alaska and Hawaii were able to participate as both became states in 1959-The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916 September 26,1960 with millions of viewers-in 1960 televised tv wasn’t as widespread (⅓ ppl were listening to it on radio & said Nixon won)Nixon (republican): Didn’t realize the importance of this and didn't prepare himself after being hospitalized for the debateGave the image of lying and third of RADIO listeners thought Nixon should win After the lost, went to Cali and ran for governor in 1962- had been in the hopsital b/c of injured leg & when resting he didnt practice.Kennedy( democrat) : understood this debate was about the power of image and reputationAccused the Eisenhower Admin saying “Soft on Communism” and accused them on “Missile Gap”.Spoke on Civil Rights movement and said he can make segregation go awayT.V watchers thought he should win.Very careful & he and his advisors practiced for hours going over questions that might be asked.-Kennedy got tranquilizers from his doctor which would help you be calm and took one for his debate. -KENNEDY WON |
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Douglas MacArthur |
Who: Commander of the US forces in the Pacific, about 20,000 US troops and 100,000 Filipino troops. Appointed by President Roosevelt as his military advisor to the Philippines. He was sent there to establish a defensive military force. He was considered the best US general at the timeWhat: A Japanese invasion of the Philippines drove MacArthur’s forces out the country.He had them in North Australia. He was critical of his superiors’ decision to focus military resources in the war in Europe than in the Pacific. When: Appointed commander of US forces in the Pacific in 1941. Also was a leader in the Korean war Came up with a plan to win the war by bombing China because Soviet Union is providing weapons and China are only providing people (poor country)Had to get Truman’s permission for bombing but he refused because he feared it would start a direct war.MacArthur decided to risk his military career and decided to become a whistleblower to report directly to American people with what was going onHe wrote a detailed letter to a Republican providing an outline with how Truman has made it impossible to win the war Truman fired MacArthur and sent him back to the U.S though many people sided with him in bombing China |
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Fireside Chats |
- Term used to describe a series of 30 evening radio addresses given by President FDR between 1933 and 1944 - Significant because they represent the first time in history that a chief executive communicated directly with a large number of citizens. - On radio, he was able to end rumors and explain his policies comprehensibly-Explained the Lend-Lease Program over the radio -These chats had significant reach because most families had a radio- Used to arose American support for Great Britain. |
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Harry Truman |
Who- 33rd President of the United States following the unexpected death of Roosevelt. He was FDR’s vice president (senator & many people didn’t know him.) They weren’t close and FDR didn’t tell him a word about any secret projects. What- 2 months after inaguration FDR died and Truman was sworn into presidency. With this huge war going on he didn’t know much of the projects. (Manhatten project). Secret project was to invent an atomic bomb..he was not aware of this project but managed to invent a bomb. Made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War Creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council (NSC),Creation of the Marshall Plan, it aimed to stabilize Europe economically and politically so that European nations would not be tempted by the appeal of communist parties. |
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Invasion of Normandy |
Who: Led by Dwight D, Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces What: Largest seaborne invasion in history. First was the liberation of German-Occupied (Nazis) Northwestern Europe, helped get the Allies much closer to winning the war. The allies had land forces from US/Canada/Britain/Free French forces. 1.5 million allied forces were in France. When: June 6th 1944 Where:Northern coast of France Fun Fact: “Saving Private Ryan,” a movie released in 1998, has one the most accurate depictions of the war in the opening sequence.
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Containment Policy |
-United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. -Truman’s policy -First policy during the Cold war -Response to the Soviet Union. It wanted to enlarge its communist sphere of influence -Eastern Europe, China, Korea, and Vietnam.-Adopted two approaches. One approach was military; the other was economic. In 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall proposed a program to funnel American economic aid to Europe. Faced with a rapid growth in the size of Communist parties, especially in France and Italy, the U.S. proposed a program of direct economic aid.-Containment was suggested by diplomat George Kennan who eagerly suggested the United States stifle communist influence in Eastern Europe and Asia. -One of the ways to accomplish this was by establishing NATO so the Western European nations had a defense against communist influence. |
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Yalta Conference |
Who: Head of the government in America, United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union (the Big Three): FDR (America), Winston Churchill (U.K.), and Stalin (SU). What: Second of three wartime conferences among the “Big Three”. All three leaders were attempting to establish an agenda for governing post-war Europe. They wanted to keep peace between post-world war countries. They agreed to demand Germany’s unconditional surrender and after decided Germany and Berlin would be split into four zones by Allied forces. Stalin demanded to continue to occupy the countries “liberated” from Germany. Agreed to create League of Nations type organization called the United Nations. When: February 1945 Where: convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea Why: To re-establish the war torn nations of Europe Yalta led to the rise of the Cold War between U.S and Soviet Union |
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Montgomery Bus Boycott |
When: 1955 Who: Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King What: It was a boycott that would last for a day that was a huge success. People were unsure it would work since the bus was the only means of transportation for people to get to and from work. Rosa Parks: Civil Rights activist who sat in a white section on the bus and wouldn't get up and was later arrested. She is the reason for this boycott Martin Luther King: Used nonviolent, careful protest inspired by Ghandi, to confront unfair laws, persuaded blacks to stay away from buses which put pressure and financial burdens on buses Boycott last one year when case got to supreme court and ruled that segregation on public transportation was unconstitutional, next day buses and trains were desegregated (Courts were used by the NAACP org to try to get transportation desegregated) |
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Cuban Missile Crisis |
Who: Between Cuba and U.S, closes to direct war What: period in 1962 in which Soviet Union had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba to scare the U.S Why: 1959, Fidel Castro finished his revolution and announced he was communist so took over Cuba and made them an enemy to U.S.- United States C.I.A tried to assassinate him for being communist but failed. Castro reached out to Soviet Union for help in return they sent him money and soldiers to Cuba. U.S then sent spy planes over to cuba to take pictures and revealed there were soviet missiles with nuclear warheads aimed at the U.S Kennedy announced U.S was going to quarantine Cuba. Dictator of Soviet Union and Kennedy had a stand-off that lasts for weeks until an agreement came that if Kennedy removes Missiles in Turkey, they would take missiles away from the U.S. This ended the cuban crisis. |
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War on Poverty |
Who: First introduced by president Lyndon B. Johnson during his State of Union Address What: It helped out Americans over 65-years-old Medicare and Medicaid begun for the first time, especially for impoverished children. HUD, the department of Housing and Urban Development was created to help subside rent. When: His state of union address took place on January 8, 1964 Where: United States Why: Proposed as a response to the national poverty crisis. |
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Bank Holiday |
Was started because of Federal Banking Act of 1933 Who: ALL BANKS IN THE USA WERE TO BE EXAMINED BEFORE REOPENING What: Federal Govt. announced for all banks to be closed immediately, if they found out a bank made a lot of loans that weren’t being paid on time or if their cash reserves were very low and could fail, they would close down the bank forever When: 1933. Also happened during FDR’s 100 days as the Banking holiday Where: Merica Why: Franklin said banks had to be fully functioning if not, the economy wouldn't work So they made this as a “Bank Holiday” and helped the somewhat healthy banks prosper and get healthy. |
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Court Packing Plan |
Who: FDR proposed it because he was trying to propose more new deal legislation What: Because the 9 justices have their jobs until death. 6 were over the age of 70 at the time, so FDR came up with the idea to add a justice for everyone over the age of 70. Which would make it 15 justices, so they would say his New Deal proposals were constitutional. Congress turned it down, and even papers compared him to a dictator. When: 1937 Where: Why: Bad because it’s out of his power to change the checks and balance |
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A. Mitchell Palmer |
Who: Attorney general of the US What: His house was bombed by anarchists, but thankfully he was not home. He had his F.B.I go after recent new immigrants (Palmer Raids; result of red scare: widespread fear of Bolsheviks and anarchism after the Russian Revolution)- went after Italians, russians, and others from eastern Europe immigrants. Specifically looking for leftists and anarchists. Hundreds were deported back to their country of origin. Without due process→ you were deported When: 1919 |
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Cold War |
Yalta led to the rise of the Cold War between U.S and Soviet Union
When- 1941-1991 It was a political and economic struggle between both nations The Rosenbergs passed secrets to Soviet Union on how to make bombs, first one exploded in 1949, they were later executed War became an arms race, both sides had atomic bombs, when war ended each had about 8,000 each U.S lost 300,000 men in war, US economy after the war was booming Soviet Union came out of war stronger, in control of all Eastern Europe; able to extract wealth from them Had the the ability to make Earth inhabitable because of the radioactivity There were three wars during the Cold War; Korean war, Vietnam war (lasted 10 years) and Afghanistan War 1979-1988 where Soviet Union wanted them but US helped them by providing money and weapons. |
