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250 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Smart House
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Has built-in electronic systms that automate functions a normal person would manually do.
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Wired Intercom
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These systems are the least expesnive, battery operated, and work like walkie-talkies
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Wired Intercom
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Are half duplex meaning only one station can talk at a time
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Wireless Intercom
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Systems utlize existing homes wiring to operate, will either plug into AC outlets, or phone lines.
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Wireless Intercom
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If there is multiple units in the house the ________ system may allow individual units to communicate with each other separately or in a group environment
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Modules and Controllers
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Allow users to control or automate any appliance in the home
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2 kinds of Controllers
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A simple on / off unit, and a Programmable unit to automate a devices operation is the _____________ .
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Appliance Modules
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Can handle about 15 amps and are stirctly on / off applications
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3-way switch Module
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Controls the operation of a device from two different locations.
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Module Code
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Each module is programmed with a identifying __________ when installed in the home
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Standard PC
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A _________ and provided software is used to create a data file that specifies how and when the module should operate.
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Secuirty System
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A detection system that alerts the home owner if someone attempts to enter the home.
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Secuirty system basic components
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Senors, control unit, warning device
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Senors
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Detects the problem (window or Door Opens)
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Control unit
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The brain of a security system that all sensors and warning devices connect to.
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Warning Device
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An audible alarm, and / or auto-dialer to emergency services
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Portable Motion Detector
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A self-contained secuirty unit is a __________ which can protect one room.
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Infrared and Ultrasonic
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The two types of self-contained motion detectors are _____________ .
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Infrared
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A heat sensor that will sound an alarm if it detects an intruder's body heat
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Infrared Sensor
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Creates a heat signature of the room and continuously compares the sensor reads to the heat signature.
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Infrared Sensor
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Have the advantage of being immune to false alarms caused by thunder, vibrations, or ringing phones.
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Infrared
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This sensor should be located 5 ft above the floor, along a wall or in a corner where it can see as much as the room as possible.
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Ultrasonic Senor
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Works like a radar except it uses sound waves 40 khz –above human hearing, and then listens for changes in the returning sound waves.
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built-in security system
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This type of system usually has switches /sensors on each door and window which is connected directly using wire to the control unit.
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Normally Open (NO)
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closes when activated
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Normally Closed (NC)
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opens when activated.
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Magnetic Reed Switch
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Used for a door or window, Comes as two parts, a magnet and magnetically operated switch.
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Plunger Switch
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Used for door or window, Mounted so that the door or window depresses the switch when closed.
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Vibration Switch
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Will activate when disturbed, If unit is mounted on glass, it can detect if the glass is broken.
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Foil Strip
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is mounted to a large glass windows, if the glass is broken the foil is broken and the circuit opens
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Photo Cell Detector
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A light beam is directed across a passage to a photo sensor, If the beam is interrupted, the sensor will activate
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Basic Secuirty system Circuit Loop
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A loop starts at the control unit, passes through all attached switches. If the loop is broken the alarm will sound
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Electromechanical Relays (EMR)
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Uses an electromagnet to operate a switch – (An electrically powered switch)
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Voltmeter
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Measures Voltage
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Potentiometer (Pot)
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A variable resistor that can change its resistance, and is called a _______ .
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Capacitor
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A__________ is two metal plates with insulating material between called the dielectric.
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Inductors
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Coils of wire wound around a hallow plastic core, or iron core.
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Wire Size
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The smaller the gauge number (AWG) the higher the max current and amps it can handle.
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Inductors
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A short circuit for DC current but provide a resistance to AC Current.
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Electrolytic
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Most capacitors are unpolarized except ________ which is polarized (has a positive and negative terminal).
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Electric Current
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A flow of electrons through a conductor or other device.
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Series
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To measure current and Amps, The voltmeter must be connected in _________ with the cirucit.
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Insulators
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Have very few free electrons and will not allow current to pass through it.
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Circuit
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To measure voltage, the voltmete must me connected in _______ with the circuit
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Transformer
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Coils of wire around the same core that will pass AC current but not DC current.
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Transittor
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An amplfying device that has three leads: Base, Emitter, and collector.
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Closed Circuit
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A continuous path from PSU through wires and device back to PSU.
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Georg Simon Ohm
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The unit of resistance is the ohm , named after what german physicist.
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DC Curent
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Flows in one direction
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AC Current
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Vibrates back and forth in place.
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Orthographic Drawing
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Shoes three sides in a particular order: Top, Front, right side
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Resistance
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________ = E(volts) / I(amperes)
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DC
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On an Voltmeter the straight line and three dashes symbolizes ____________ current
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Carbon
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The most common type of fixed resistor is the __________ resistor
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Diode
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A two termial solid state device that allows current to pass in one direction. Mostly used to convert AC to DC.
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AC
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On an Voltmeter the squiggle line symbolizes ____________ current
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I kilo ohm
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1000 Ohms
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1 Meg ohm
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1,000,000 Ohms
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Ampere
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the practical unit for measureing electric current.
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Andre Ampere
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The ampere is named after ________.
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toggle Switches
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Get their name based on the number of throws and end positions it has.
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Resistor
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Resists the flow of electric current.
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Pictorial Drawings
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drawn at 30 degree angles and lines are actual lengths.
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Capacitor
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DC current can't pass through a _________
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Open Circuit
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A circuit that has an incomplete path so that no current can flow.
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Voltage
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Pushes the curernt through the circuit.
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Current
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The flow of electrons from one point to another.
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Parralle Circuit
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A circuit where all the resistancee are connected across the same voltage source.
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Digital Computer
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A system of electronic and electro-mechanical hardware that is capable of performing a series of calculations as specified in the program.
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Computer Program
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A list of operations that you want the computer to perform.
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RAM
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High speed computer memory
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CPU / Microprocessor
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Interfaces with the real world through input/Output devices such as a keyboard and monitor.
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Operating System
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A program that gets the computer up and running when you turn it on and handles things in those times between application programs
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Applications
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programs are things such as games, word processors, power point, ect
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pointing and clicking the mouse.
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Windows has a GUI when allows you to do things by
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DOS
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The first OS for PC's
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Electronic Modular Design
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PC hardware is an example of:
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Sheet Metal
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Metal that comes in flat thin sheets
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Hand Sheears / Tin Snips
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Sheet metal can be cut by:
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Punch / Drill
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Put a hole in sheet metal with:
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Flat Pattern
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A drawing that specifies how to make a sheet metal part
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Solid Line
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On a Flat pattern a__________ shows where to cut
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Dashed Line
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On a Flat pattern a__________ shows where to Bend
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Electronic Packaging
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Refers to how electronic components are mounted in some sort of a supporting structure or case.
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Chassis
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In old days electronic equipment was built on a?
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Chassis
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A horizontal piece of sheet metal with holes drilled in to support the components.
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PCB's
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Printed Circuit Boards
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PCB's
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Now, most electronic components are mounted on ______ and the Chassis is simply the Support for all the pieces. (Computer case)
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PCB's
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Mobo and Expansion cards are
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electro-mechanical modules
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Floppy, DVD, H/D are
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AC and high voltages
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Power supply handles all
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Connectors
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All internal wiring is modular b/c it has_________ and requires no soldering.
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Consumer / Industrial use
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Generally speaking electronics are designed for:
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Comsumer Product Packaging
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Tends to be appealing to user, but internal electronics are tightly packed and hard to service
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Industrial Electonic Packaging
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Tends to be easily serviceable and easy to take apart.
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Rack
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A free standing structure and all the electronics is built into drawers that slide in.
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Card Cage
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A chassis that supports multiple cards
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Backplate
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The wiring between the cards and real world goes thru the: (motherboard)
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Wheel and Electricity
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Most important and powerful tools are the:
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Fatal
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A current as small as .1 Amp can be:
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Physical Damage
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Smaller currents can cause severe
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Current
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Forced through the resistance of a circuit by voltage
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Voltage
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The electrical pressure or force.
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Schematic
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Standard electrical drawing that shows how the electrical components are interconnected.
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Left to Right
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Schematic layout reads from:
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Parts Table
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Every Schematic diagram has to have a:
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Harnesses
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Bundles of wires that carry signals from unit to unit via the connector on each end.
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Connector
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Can be either a plug or jack
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Strain Relief
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Many connectors are equipped with a__________to help reduce breakage at the connector.
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Harness Drawing
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The_______ shows the physical layout of the cable.
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Wiring Diagram
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A schematic for the harness, it provides the electrical connection information for the cable.
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Soldering
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The most common method for making electrical connections
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Lead and Tin
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Solder is an alloy made of:
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Common Solder
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60% tin and 40% lead with a low melting point of about 361’f
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Copper
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Soldering mostly used to join_______conductors
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Iron
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Very Difficult to solder
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Take-apart connectors
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Only high spots make contact increasing resistance
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Wire-wrap / crimp
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Connections that are successful because they are tight causing air to be effectively sealed out.
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basic Parts of a Soldering Iron
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Tip, Heating Element, and Handle
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Flux
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A chemical that comes in a paste, used to remove any remaining oxide / impurities layer.
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Rosin Core
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Type of flux used for electrical work
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Acid Core
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Type of flux used for large jobs such as plumbing
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Rosin Core Solder
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Solder that comes with flux built in.
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Tinned
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The tip of the soldering iron needs to be _______before each use.
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Mini Volcano Shape
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A good soldering job should have just the right about of solder covering the joint
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Surface Mount Technology (SMT)
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The latest trends in printed circuit board design.
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Surface Mount Components
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Have no leads, only little solder pads that are soldered directly to the PCB.
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4500
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Soldering has been around for _______ years
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Eutectic point
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The lowest possible melting point for different sold combinations.
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PCB's
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Are mass produced very inexpensively, which is why electronics have become so affordable.
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Wires
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Tracks are thin strips of copper foil fixed on one or both sides of the PCB
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One-sided board
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Tracks on one side
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Two-sided board
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Tracks on both sides
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Multilayer board
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Multiple layers of tracks
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Artwork
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Specifys component locations and wiring layout
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Jumper
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If a wire has to cross on the same plane, use a:
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Routers
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Computer program that creates large PCB layouts.
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Pressure Wave
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The sounds we hear.
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Higher and Lower
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Pressure waves consist of alternating bands of higher and lower pressure that travel through the air at the speed of sound.
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Speed of Sound
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Moves at 1100 ft/sec
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Electric Voltage Waves
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In electronic circuits, sound is conveyed as ___________ .
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High Pressure
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________ = High Voltage
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Low Pressure
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________ = Low Voltage
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Pitch, Loudness, Quality / Timbre
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Three characteristics that describe sound.
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20 - 20,000 Hz
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The frequency range most people can hear.
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High Definition
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Electronic equipment capable of producing higher frequencies gives listener that ___________ to sound.
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2000 Hz
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The highest note a person or instrument can produce rarely goes above ________.
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Loudness
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Determined by how big the sound vibrations are.
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Decibels (dB)
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Loudness is measured in _________.
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Alexander Graham Bell
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The decibel is named after ________.
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140 dB
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Humans can hear up to __________.
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Quality / Timbre
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Allows humans the ability to distinquish between sounds.
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Sensor (mic), Amplifier, transducer (SPKR)
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The parts of an audio system.
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Electric Voltage
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Mics convert acoustic waves into _________ waves.
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High Fidelity, Crystal / Ceramic, Carbon
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The three types of microphones.
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High Fidelity Mics
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Detects vibrations using capacitance, and produces a weak signal that needs to be amplified
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Crystal / Ceramic Mics
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Uses the piezoelectric effect of some quartz crystals. Produces a strong voltage but lower quality.
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Carbon Mic
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Used in voice only applications, like telephones. Produces very poor quality.
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Omni-Directional
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Picks up sounds from all directions
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Uni-Directional
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Picks up sounds from one direction
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Amplifier
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Processes the audio signal.
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Increases
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An Amplifier _________ an audio signal
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Flat Response
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When all audio frequenices are at the same amount.
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Watts
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The electrical power of an amps output is measured in _________.
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Impedance
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An amplifier output terminals impedances should match the speakers _________.
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Audio Mixer
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Has the ability to combine multiple audio signals into one.
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Loudness:
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An equalizer gives the user the ability to control the _________ of different frequencies.
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Speaker
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Converts the electronic wave into an accoustic wave.
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Voice coil
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The wire wrapped around the magnet of a speaker.
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Sound
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The electronic wave interacts with the voice coil and magnet to produce ________.
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Phonograph
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Created by Thomas Edison in 1877.
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Phonograph
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A cylinder with impression in it that created a sound when a needle hit one.
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Gramophone
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developed by Emil Berliner in 1887
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Gramophone
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Needle running along a recond (Old school record player)
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CD
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Uses an analog-to-digital converter to convert media into binary and then uses a digital-to-analog converter to play audio back.
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Mono
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One audio channel
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Stereo
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Two audio channels (L&R)
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Sound Sound
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6 audio channels (L,R,C,LR,RR,Sub), each channel having it's own amplifier.
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Visible Light
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Electro-magnetic radiation with a very high frequency.
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Light waves
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In the same family as radio waves.
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Absorbing
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If an object appears a certain color, it means it is __________ all the other frequencies except the one you see.
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Reflected
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When light rays hit an object, some of the energy is absorbed and some is ____________.
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diffuses
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Rough surfaces ________ light
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reflects
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Smooth surface _________ image
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Incident ray
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The incoming light ray.
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Law of Reflection
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States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, where both angels refer to a line which is at right angles to the mirror, called the normal line.
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Refraction
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Refers to the fact that light bends when going from one object to another.
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Lens
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A piece of glass with a curved surface that uses the principle of refraction to bend light.
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Concave and Convex
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The two types of Lenses.
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Diverging Lens
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A concave lens that bends light away from the center.
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Converging Lens
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A convex lens that bends light in toward the center.
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More
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A thicker lens will bend light ______ than a thinner lens
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Focal Length
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a measurement used to describe the strength of a lens.
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Convex Lens
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A ________ can be used to project an image of a light source on a surface.
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Larger
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If the object distance gets smaller, then the image distance will get ________.
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Incandescent bulbs and LEDs
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Two kinds of lamps
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Light Emitting Diodes
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LEDs
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Incandescent bulbs
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Will operate with DC or AC current
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Thin Filament Wire
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Incandescent bulbs work by running a small current through a __________ that gets white hot.
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Resistor
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Led works by running current through a _________ then the LED.
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LEDs
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_______ are monochromatic (having one color), and the color is determined by its composition.
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Polarity Sensitive
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Since the Led is a diode, it is ______________, so if it is not installed correctly it will not work.
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EMR
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Electro-magnetic Radiation
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Carrier Frequency
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The transmitting frequency assigned to each broadcasting station
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Modulation
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The process performed by the transmitter of combining the low frequency intelligence with high frequency carrier wave.
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Demodulation
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the process performed by the receiver where it amplifies the signal, removes the high frequency carrier wave and then amplifies the low frequency signal.
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Wavelength
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Signal length of one cycle as the wave propagates at the speed of light.
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Hertz Antenna / half-Wave Dipole
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Basic antenna for radio frequencies above 2 mHz. Named because it produces the strongest signal for a wavelength twice the antenna length.
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Folded-dipole
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has a natural impedance of 300 Ohms which leads to better power transfer.
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Raster Scan
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A single dot scans the screen horizontally and vertically, heating the phosphor coating on the screen, which allows the picture to persist for a fraction of a second.
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Resolution
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given as the number of columns and rows
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dolby digital AC-3 format
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HD 5.1 surround sound
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actively interlaced lines
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1080 "I"?
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progressively scanned lines
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1080 "P"?
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S-video
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produces clearer picture reproduction by sending separate signals for the luminance and color.
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Component Video
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The color signal is divided into luminance signal and color signals; thus eliminating interference between the signals.
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Composite Video
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Most common / standard video cord that has the lowest quality
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Telegraph
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First System to allow people to communicate by wire
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Telegraph
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Required two wires be connected in a long loop
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Telephone
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First communication over a wire
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Wireless Telegraph
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First system that could communicate with ships at sea.
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Vacuum Tube
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It was the first electronic amplifying device.
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Black and White Television
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first demonstrated by NBC in 1939
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10,000 phones
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Each central office, (usually a small windowless brick building) serves up to_________.
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Local Loop
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Each phone in that central office connects to the switch via a pair of wires
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PBX ( Private Branch Exchange)
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Large businesses (Colleges or NSA) have their own switches inside the facility
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Interface Box
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The local phone company is responsible for supplying the home with local loop wires via the __________.
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PSTN
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Public Switches Telephone Network
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Last mile
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The only place where the analog voice signals still exist is the local loop, that twisted pair of copper wires that connects your phone to the central office.
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transceivers
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Cell phones are low power ____________.
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High Current
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When load resistance becomes to low, then to much current is drwan from the source of power.
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High Current can
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heat up the wires, possibly causing a fire, and otherwise damaging components
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short circuit
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which is when the power wires accidentally touch.
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overloading a circuit.
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This happens when additional electrical loads are added to a parallel distribution system
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Fuses and Circuit Breakers
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Used to protect circuits and wiring from to high currents
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Fuses
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Consists of two metal end caps and a fusible link (thin wire)
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Circuit breakers
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performs the same function as a fuse except it can be reset and re-used.
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(MOV)
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metal-Oxide-Varistor - EX: power strip
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EMI
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Electro-Magnetic Interference
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AC Power System
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This system reduced the amount of power loss in transfer wires
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Single-Phase AC
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the simplest form of AC and most familiar to people.
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Vpeak.
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The highest instantaneous on prong A is 170V
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Vrms.
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This is higher than the AC designation of 120 Vac
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The number 120
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Represents the effective voltage if the powercontent were constant over the whole cycle.
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4800 Vac
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The power company supplies _______ in the neighborhood
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NEC
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National Electrical Code - Sets the home electrical safety codes
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AWG
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American Wire Gage
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Number one rule
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All connections must be made in an electrical box.
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GFI
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Ground fault Interrupters
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GFI
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A______ is a safety device that prevents shock hazard, particularly in bathrooms and around swimming pools.
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