Final For Lecture

Front 1

Vitamins and minerals

Back 1

Required for proper metabolism

Coenzymes-do not directly provide energy

Front 2

Enzyme is inactive without coenzyme

Back 2

Once compound binds to enzyme- chemical reaction takes place

Front 3

B-vitamins

Back 3

Especially important for energy metabolism

Front 4

B vitamins include

Back 4

Thiamin (b1)-riboflavin (b2)-niacin-vitamin b6- folate-b12-pantothenic acid-biotin

Front 5

Thiamin (b1)

Back 5

Coenzyme thiamin pyrophosphate -carbohydrate metabolism( also some fatty acids)

Front 6

Beriberi

Back 6

Deficiency of thiamin results in muscle wasting, nerve damage,& heart failure

Hint 6

Genetic or acquire absorbent disease

Front 7

Riboflavin (b2) - involved in redox reactions

Back 7

Part of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase

Milk is good source

Front 8

Ariboflavinosis

Back 8

Riboflavin deficiency

Causes sore throat and swollen mucous membranes

Front 9

Niacin ( b vitamin)

Back 9

NAD & NADH

Coenzyme assists with metabolism of carbs & fatty acids

Front 10

Folate ( b vitamin)

Back 10

Dna synthesis, amino acid metabolism & erythrocyte synthesis ( critical for cell division in early embryos)

Hint 10

Toxicity can mask b12 dificiency

Front 11

Macrocytic anemia

Back 11

Folate issur

Front 12

Folate continued

Back 12

Woman needs during pregnancy-required for neural tube formation- this develops brain/spinal cord

Front 13

Choline- nutrient that is an ammonium salt

Back 13

Accelerates synthesis of acetylcholine- a neurotransmitter

Front 14

Iodine- a trace mineral

Back 14

Critical for synthesis of thyroid hormones which regulate body temp, growth& metabolic rate

Hint 14

Good sources: fish, shrimp, iodized salt, milk & dairy

Front 15

Excess iodine

Back 15

Blocks synthesis of thyroid hormones-thyroid tries to make more hormones- results in goiter

Front 16

Iodine deficiency

Back 16

Results in hypothyroidism & goiter

Front 17

Chromium- a trace mineral

Back 17

Assists insulin- immune function and growth (helps)

Front 18

Erythrocytes

Back 18

Red blood cells - transport oxygen thru body

Front 19

Leukocytes

Back 19

White blood cells of immune system

Front 20

Platelets

Back 20

Cell fragments that assist blood in clotting

Front 21

Plasma

Back 21

The fluid portion of the blood

Front 22

Whole blood components

Back 22

55%plasma-1% leukocytes (white blood cells&platelets)-45%rrythrocytes( red blood cells)

Front 23

Vitamin k - fat soluble vitamin

Back 23

Coenzyme for synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting

Hint 23

Good source: leafy green veg

Front 24

Iron - trace mineral

Back 24

Component protein hemoglobin carried oxygen in erythrocyte and myoglobin - oxygen carried in muscle cells

Front 25

Iron

Back 25

Coenzyme for metabolism of carbs fats and proteins

Front 26

Sources of iron

Back 26

Meat, poultry, fish, clams, oysters , enriched cereals and bread

Front 27

What if you consume too much iron?

Back 27

Oxidation - common in children deaths/toxicity - nausea, vomit, diarrhea, dizziness & confusion

Front 28

Delayed treatment of iron toxicity results in

Back 28

Severe damage to heart, central nervous system, liver & kidneys

Front 29

What is most common nutrient dificiency in world

Back 29

Iron / high risk for infants, children - women

Front 30

Iron deficient anemia results in small red blood cells not carrying enough hemoglobin

Back 30

Symptoms:fatigue, pale skin, impaired work performance, depressed immune function - impaired memory

Front 31

How many synthetic compounds (drugs)

Back 31

Hundreds

Front 32

How many synthetic compounds (drugs)

Back 32

Hundreds

Front 33

There are over 200 naturally occurring alkaloids

Back 33

With psychoactive effects

Front 34

Why would a plant evolve to produce an addictive compound?

Back 34

Protective toxins

Seed dispersal

Random

Front 35

Is addiction a disease or moral failure?

Back 35

Both

Front 36

Why is addiction considered a disease?

Back 36

Chronic, progressive &fatal

Compulsive behavior

Withdrawal symptoms effect

Adaptation->tolerance

Front 37

The disease model is broad -it does not

Back 37

Ignore the relevance of coping skills and environment

Front 38

The disease model is broad -it does not

Back 38

Ignore the relevance of coping skills and environment

Front 39

Disease

Back 39

Abnormal condition caused discomfort, dysfunction, and distress

Front 40

Addiction ( disease/moral failure) notable facts

Back 40

Genetics and neurobiology

Front 41

Monozygotic twins separated at birth

Back 41

6.5 times more likely to have addiction if a twin has it

Front 42

Monozygotic twins separated at birth

Back 42

6.5 times more likely to have addiction if a twin has it

Front 43

Children of addicts

Back 43

8 times more likely to be

Front 44

Addiction is 40% more common

Back 44

In those who had a grandparent

Front 45

Addiction is 40% more common

Back 45

In those who had a grandparent

Front 46

Neurobiology

Back 46

Genes implicated in addiction:

Fos and jun

Front 47

The addicted brain

Basic direct mechanism

Back 47

Psychoactive drugs do their work by manipulating neurotransmitters

Front 48

Areas of brain affected by addictive substances

Back 48

Nucleus accumbens, VTA,Hippocampus &frontal cortex

Front 49

Nucleus accumbens

Back 49

Motivation,pleasure, reward-reinforcement learning, sex, maternal instinct(dopamine-primary )

Front 50

VTA

Back 50

Pleasure and immediate gratification, orgasm and love

Front 51

Hippocampus

Back 51

Hard drive of brain -

Short/long term memory

Learning

Front 52

Frontal cortex

Back 52

Executive- complex cognition and decision making

Front 53

The reward pathway

Back 53

Mesocorticolimbic

Front 54

Mesocorticolimbic system

Back 54

Hard wired neural pathway connects limbic/primitive which is VTA, hippocampus &nucleaus accumbins with prefrontal cortex

Front 55

Mesocorticolimbic system

Back 55

Hard wired neural pathway connects limbic/primitive which is VTA, hippocampus &nucleaus accumbins with prefrontal cortex

Front 56

Prefrontal cortex

Back 56

Complex behavior and reasoning

Front 57

FOS B

Back 57

Protein in neurons that control structural changes in reward based learning

Front 58

FOS B

Back 58

Protein in neurons that control structural changes in reward based learning

Front 59

Fos C

Back 59

Antagonist of Fos b

Keeping its activity in check

Front 60

FOS B

Back 60

Protein in neurons that control structural changes in reward based learning

Front 61

Fos C

Back 61

Antagonist of Fos b

Keeping its activity in check

Front 62

Fos B and Fos C

Back 62

Proteins that have extremely long half-lives(months to years)

Front 63

Chronic elevated dopamine

Back 63

Increase activation CREB protein

Front 64

CREP protein elevates

Back 64

Fos B and lowers Fos C protein levels

Front 65

Low C Foss results in

Back 65

Fos B accumulation

Front 66

Cost of addiction

Back 66

More than 700 billion annually

Front 67

Annual cost of addiction in

Back 67

Crime-work productivity-health care

Front 68

Addiction/ public safety threat

Back 68

1/3 traffic deaths drug related

60% homicides drug/ alcohol related

Front 69

War on drugs

Most expensive war

Back 69

47% adults have tried illicit chemicals/ 51% incarcerated peeps result from drug conviction