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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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William Bradford
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Leader of the Pilgrims, recorded their journey and progress
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Anne Hutchinson
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Had a group that discussed sermons, said she had visions. Indians threatened Boston and a couple men refused to serve, they were Antinomians, followers of Anne. Banished to RI, then massacred by Indians in 1643
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William Penn
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Quaker, Pennsylvania, pacifists, religion tolerant… Penn wanted colony to be a “holy experiment”. Believed in religious freedom, civil liberties, elected representation. Great relationship with Indians, wouldn’t allow further colonization without settlement agreements. Provided refuge for Indians. agricultural
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John Smith
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He arrives to Jamestown and brings order to original group of settlers, discipline… gets injured and returns to England
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John Rolfe
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(husband of Pocahontas) , discovered a hearty mix of tobacco, dies in Algonquians raid in 1622
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Roger Williams
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Part of MBC Religious but believes that church and state should be separated, banished b/c of his beliefs but escapes with the help of Indians…forms Rhode Island and is governor for many years
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Thomas Hooker
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Connecticut (Constitution State), he led exodus to small Dutch trading post, Fort Hope in Hartford to prevent them from settling. Formed government governing by a covenant, fundamental orders, organized into a royal charter in 1662
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James Oglethorpe
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Leader of Georgia, wanted to create haven for poor English farmers, originally slavery was abolished…
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John Winthrop
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MB Company, wealthy puritans in NE, city on the hill, governor, he declared that all household men that were head of the house and part of the church were free men , later led to them electing delegates to draft law. The delegates later separated into 2 leg houses=joint stock company
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Squanto
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Spoke English bc he was captured by England. Returned home and whole tribe was wiped out. Showed pilgrims how to survive
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Subsistence farming
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New England colonies, only making enough for the family
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Indentured servants
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A person who worked w/o wages for a period of 5-7 years in exchange for passage to America. The contract (indenture) entitled the servant to food, clothes, shelter and med attention. Devised by Virginia Company… one half to two thirds of all immigrants were a part of the system. Done after 1800
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Cash crops
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Jamestown colonies, sugar cane, tobacco, rice indigo
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Nathaniel Bacon
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Graduate of Cambridge, backcountry gentry, didn’t want to limit western expansion, threatened to take over Jamestown twice, largest insurrection prior to revolution, most were former indentured servants who wanted land
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House of burgesses
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First rep govn’t in America, like legislative. 22 members, reported to a governor who was appointed in London
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Colonial economy
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South: Tobacco, dependant on more than 12 slaves, rice, indigo, trading mostly in England, plantations=communities
North: farming, subsistence, Atlantic trading, ship building, houses around a common, had selectmen to make decisions, patriarchal society |
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Mercantilism
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Zero sum economy, to be wealthy you either have to keep your own wealth and steal someone elses
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The great awakening
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Ministers called for piety, grew out of enlightenment, Harvard=train ministers, growth of other small Methodists, witchcraft, old light vs new light, george whitefield, national event, cotton mather
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Navigation acts
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Only import and export English materials, 4 parts
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The Dominion of New England
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Created by James II, combined mass w/ rest of NE and NY and NJ and appointed a single governor, Sir Edmund Andros. Led to Jacob Leisler starting a protest
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Roanoke
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1584: Fist settlers but were picked up on Drake's way back because the settlers hate it and are starving
1586: Raleigh brings new group. When leadership leaves for supplies they retunr four years later and whole colony is gone. word CROATOAN is there |
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Walter Raleigh
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settles roanoke
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Humphrey Gilbert
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half brother of Raleigh. gets charter to settle Newfoundland
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Jamestown
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joint stock company (London Company Charter) gold, first permament english colony
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Plymouth
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sepratists, wrote mayflower compact. William Bradford was leader. no progress. only one plow after 20 years of settlement
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headright system
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for every person you bring to America, you get a certain amount of land
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Powhatan
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possibly killed Roanoke settlers or brought into culture because of traites in children (blonde hair, blue eyes), tribe of Pochahantus
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Mayflower compact
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first document of self governing in North America
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Puritans
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*formed MBC as excuse to escape persecution
*MBC became the colonial gvnt, quickly became theocracy *wanted to form a "city on the hill" *shipbuilders, form Zion *financially successful. no virtue in poverty |
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Great Migration
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new colonies began to spring up, extraordinary growth. 22 settlements in Boston
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orders of Connecticut
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fundamental orders, formed a government with a small group governing by covenant
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Glorious Revolution
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bloodless transition of power in England in 1688. got rid of James II and replaced with Mary
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Virginia
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London Company
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Mass
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Putians
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New Hampshire
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John Wheelright
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Maryland
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Lord Baltimore
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Connecticut
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Thomas Hooker
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Rhode Island
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Roger Williams
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Delaware
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Peter Minuit and New Sweden Company
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N Carolina
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Virginians
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S Carolina
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Eight nobles with a Royal charter from Charles II
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New Jersey
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Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret
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New York
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Duke of York
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Pennsylvania
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William Penn
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Georgia
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James Oglethorpe
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The Albany Conference
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*called for by Britsh
* Franklin and delegates from Penn, MAryland, NY and NE attended *purpose was to negotiate a treaty w/ Iroquois *Franklin encouraged them to stay on and discuss a colonial federation for protection. FIRST PROPOSAL OF COLONIAL GOVT |
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Join or Die
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first political cartoon. not about the revolution, Intercolonial unity was needed
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French Indian War
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*part of seven years war
*struggle for naval dominance between England and France *about uneasy alliance among French, Iroquois and British N. Americans |
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results of war
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*greatly expanded territory claims of England in NA
*finanically drained England *forced colonists to work in concert *made colonists fear the interference of British in local affairs *created long lasting resentments *native americans lose most |
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WIlliam Pitt
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brought more pressure to war in NA. sent more soldiers and forcibly enlisted colonists and made them fight. quartering of troops became commonplace!
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George III
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*mad king George
*young and immature *ill with porphyria which caused bouts of madness *appointed George Greenville |
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Proclamation of 1763
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*forbid settlers to advance beyond Appalachian Mountains
*England would control westward expansion *would slow colonists from leaving the areas most profitable in England *Helped relations with Indians which had been expensive to defend against |
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George Greenville
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*no sympathy for colonists
*Proclamation of 1763 *Permanent British troops would be stationed in colonies *customs service enlarged *colonial man. would be checked *new set of taxation acts |
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Stamp Act
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*tax on all printed documents
*revenue raising *colonies were now producing more than 10x revenue *direct tax to raise revenue, without representation |
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Sugar Act
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*eliminate illegal sugar trade
*raised duty on sugar, lowered in on molasses *est. smuggling courts depriving them of trial by turial by jury |
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Quartering Act
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required colonists to provide quarters and supplies to British troops
*mass and NY refused to comply |
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Sons of Liberty
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terrorized stamp agents and burned stamps
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Stmapact Congress
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*met in NY
*9 colonies represented *said they owed subordination to England *But England couldn't tax them accept through Colonial assmeblies *Result: England repealed Stamp act |
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Townshend Acts
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*Declared the acts of NY invalid
*reorganized the customs service *started seizing ships *sent troops to enforce the Acts |
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Boston Massacre
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March 5, 1770- Liberty Boys tormenting soldiers. British lined up and fired into crowd, killing 5
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Tea Act
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British East India company monopolizes all tea imports
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Coercive (intolerable acts) acts (quartering act, boston port bill, administration of justice act, mass govnt act, quebec act
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closed Boston Harbor, annuled mass colonial charters, british officers sent home for trials, quaartering of trrops, centralized govnt for Canada
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Boston Tea Party
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*rebellion had been growing
*colonies seized Gaspee and sunk it. British sent those accused to England for trial *Eat India Tea Company was able to undersell colonial tea merchants due to the Tea Act of 1773 *Taverns became the place where info was exchanged *dressed as Mohawk Indians and went aboard ships and dumped tea chests into harbor |
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Sam Adams
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*leads resistence in 1764, enters politics full time.
*mass legislature *led effort to est committee of correspondance that published Declaration of Colonial Rights, which he wrote |
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First Continental Congress
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*planned through committees of correspondance
*drafted Articles of Association. *boycott Britsh goods |
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Second Continental Congress
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*british had declared war on colonies
*continental army was created *Geroge washington appointed commander in chief *olive branch petition |
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Common Sense
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*written by Thomas Paine
*changed attitude of common people about independance *George II was a brutal tyrant *English were not fit to rule colonies *100,000 sold, HUGE |
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Paul Revere
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alerted minutemen when British men were coming .
*one lantern vx two lantern system |
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Battle of Saratoga
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Key turning point of war for America, English surrendered
*aid from France *recognized as free country |
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Treaty of Paris
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*ends Revolution
*recognition as independant nation, USA *Britain agrees to remove all troops *America pay all remaining debts *not persecute Loyalists |
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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*provided the the Old Northwest be surveyed, then soled for payments of debts
Benefits:simple, easy to administor, fair, few land desputes, castial system |
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Newburgh Conspiracy
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*talk of defying govnt, turn on them/overthrow
*GW steps in and talks them out of it bc of how distraught he was, puts glasses on |
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Annapolis Convention
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*12 reps of 5 states met to discuss amending AOC
*Hamilton, Randolph, Madison present *Hamilton and Madison recommend a national meeting to consider the adequacy of AOC |
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3/5ths compromise
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five slaves= three free white men
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judiciary act of 1789
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*implemented judiciary clause
*set up a system of federal courts |
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Citizen Genet
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*comes to America and starts in SOuth trying to recruit ship builders and investors
*Hints at Jeffersons support *GW refuses to meet with him |
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Adams
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*jefferson VP, intimate enemies
*political parties emerge |
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John Marshall
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*most significant supreme justice
*elected by Jefferson |
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Marbury vs. Madison
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*judicial review of a fereral law
*Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional |
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McCullough vs. Maryland
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*fed vs state
*necessary and proper: power to pursue interstate commerce *US Bank constitutional *can a state tax the bank: NO |
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Gibbons vs Ogden
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US vs NY
*supremacy clause *congress regulare comerce: yes interstate commerce |
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War of 1812
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*direct result of Battle of Tippecanoe
*expansion into canada and south fought for natl pride, to grow up *ended feelings of colonial dependancy *ended hopes of Indian unity |
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War Hawks
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*raised young generation of political leaders
*resented british influence *Henry Clay and John Calhoun *wanted Spanish Florida/ Canada *pro-slavery *federalist voted against war *struggle gained little |
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Treaty of Ghent
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*Britsh decided to end minor war in US.
*British agreed to evacuate western posts |
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Hartford Convention
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*New England federalists wanted to talk of secession
*Nullification doctrie signed instead *end of federalists |
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Virgina Dynasty
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Jefferson, Madison, Monroe (monroe is last of dynasty)
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Era of Good Feelings
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*no political parties bc everyone pretty much believe the same ideals
*spirit of nationalism *Monroe term |
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Monroe
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*Seved in Rev War
*named Calhoun as secretary of War and JQA as secrretary of State |
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Treaties of JQA
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*sect of state
*Rush Bagot Treaty *Adams-Onis treaty |
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sectionalism
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north vs south
north: abolition, manufacturing, nationalism outh: slavery, farming, states rights |
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Monroe Doctrine
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American continents are not to be colonized by Europe and if you do we consider it an unfriendly act, we wont get involved with European affaors
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election of 1824 and the Corrupt Bargain
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Election: Henry Clay: William Crawford
Corrupt Bargain: Jackson and JQA **Jackson wins plurality...vote thrown to House of Reps *Clay thrown support to JQA and he becomes pres, Clay becomes S of state |
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Tariff of Abominations
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JQA
*tariff placed on all imported goods. Hurt south and didnt help North. JQA took heat, cause significant division *political parties emerge again |
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election of 1828
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Natl Republicans: JQA vs Democratic Republicans: Jackson
**Jackson won **dirty election |
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Calhoun
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*Calhoun was Jacksons VP
*promising future *intended to be next pres *South Carolina *voted for Clay's American System |
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Kitchen Cabinet
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a group of unofficial advisors with whom president Jackson regularly consulted, particularly during his first years
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Martin Van Buren
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Jacksons secretary of state
*Peggy Eaton affair drives a wedge between Calhoun and Jackson |
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Webster Hayne Debate
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*nationalism and union
*states rights and nullifcation *Hayne defended state sovereignity. Webster replied the union was "one and inseprable" and nullifcation was treasonable |
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Nullifcation
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*Calhoun
*states were final arbiters of constitutionality *could refuse to abide by a law FAILS |
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William Henry Harrison
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Indian govenor. battle of tippecanoe. whig, runs with John Tyler against Martin Van Buren
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democrats
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right of small farmers, south and west supprt, westward expansion, indian removal, dilike for restrictive economic policies
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whigs
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heir to federalists, strong federal role in economy, american system, strong religious element, old northwest and new england support, opposed jackson
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second american party system
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the whigs and democrats
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the bank war
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jackson hates bank, destroys banks, removes all US deposits, secretary of treasury says bad idea, jackson fires him and Taney does it, Taney puts deposits in state "pet banks." if taney does it, gets to be next supreme justice
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taney
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takes all us deposits out of bank.... gets to be next supreme justice bc he does it
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Nicholas Biddle
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president of second bank of US. Biddle asks for a new charter, Jackson vetos it and won veto.
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1832 election
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jackson veto's second charter, becomes issue for election. didn't think jackson would win, but he does
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opposition to bank
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pet banks were constricting currency, hurt south and west, wanted rapid, bank issued bank notes, only wanted silver and gold, public virtue
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Indian removal act
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congress allocated money to remove indian trives in the south to the west. Jackson sends federal troops
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utopian societies
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Robert Owen, George Ripley
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temperance
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Beecher, Father Theobald Mathew, Neal Dow
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abolition
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Garrison, Douglass, Tubman, Stowe, Burritt, Phillips
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women's rights
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Garrison, Staton, Mott,
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education
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Horace Mann, Dr. Graham
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