Final Examination Criminal Justice

Front 1

Reintegration has a strong theoretical basis in the rehabilitative theories of punishment

Back 1

True

Front 2

Retributive justice is the same as revenge

Back 2

False

Front 3

Specific deterrence assumes that a person commits a crime only after a rational decision making process, in which, he or she implicitly weighs the benefits of the crime against the possible costs of the punishment

Back 3

False

Front 4

Incapacitation is the philosophy that crime can be prevented by detaining wrongdoers in prison, thereby separating them from the community and reducing criminal opportunities

Back 4

True

Front 5

Rehabilitation is the philosophy that society is best served when wrongdoers are provided the services needed to eliminate criminality from their behavioral pattern

Back 5

True

Front 6

The Incapacitation Model suggests that criminals can be treated and possibly cured of their proclivities toward crime

Back 6

False

Front 7

Restorative Justice Strategies attempt to repair the damage that a crime does to the victim, the victim’s family, and society as a whole

Back 7

True

Front 8

The goal of restorative justice is to undo the harm caused by the criminal act through an apology or restitution for losses suffered by the victim

Back 8

True

Front 9

Indeterminate Sentencing is a term of incarceration in which a Judge determines the minimum and maximum terms of imprisonment

Back 9

True

Front 10

Determinate Sentencing is a term of incarceration in which a Judge determines the minimum and maximum terms of imprisonment

Back 10

False

Front 11

When an offender is on probation, he or she is permitted to live in the community under supervision and is not incarcerated

Back 11

True

Front 12

Individualized justice requires that a judge consider all relevant circumstances in making sentencing decisions

Back 12

True

Front 13

Aggravating Circumstances are any circumstances accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a lighter sentence

Back 13

False

Front 14

Mitigating Circumstances are any circumstances accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a harsher sentence

Back 14

False

Front 15

Judges are not uniform, or even consistent, in their opinions of which circumstances are mitigating or aggravating

Back 15

True

Front 16

Sentencing Disparity is a situation in which those convicted of a similar crime do not receive similar sentences

Back 16

True

Front 17

Sentencing guidelines do not require a Judge to dispense legislatively determined sentences based on such factors as the seriousness of the crime and the offenders’ prior record

Back 17

False

Front 18

Community Corrections is correctional supervision of offenders in the community as an alternative to sending them to prison or jail

Back 18

True

Front 19

If a subject receives a suspended sentence, he or she is not required to serve the sentence

Back 19

True

Front 20

Parole is a criminal sanction in which a convicted individual is allowed to remain in the community rather than be imprisoned

Back 20

False

Front 21

Probation is the most common form of punishment in the United States

Back 21

True

Front 22

Probation is an early release from a correctional facility, in which the offender is given the chance to spend the remainder of their sentence under supervision in the community

Back 22

False

Front 23

Members of a State Parole Board are appointed by the Governor

Back 23

True

Front 24

Forfeiture is the process by which the government seizes private property attached to the criminal behavior of an individual

Back 24

True

Front 25

The United States has a dual prison system (State and Federal) that parallels its dual court system

Back 25

True

Front 26

The rehabilitation model, of Prisons, believes that the correctional institution is a training ground for the inmate to prepare for existence in the community

Back 26

False

Front 27

Maximum-Security Prisons are reserved for the “Worst of the Worst” of the prison population

Back 27

True

Front 28

Prison cultures are unique because prisons are total institutions that encompass every aspect of an inmate’s life

Back 28

True

Front 29

Inmates develop methods of determining power and many methods involve violence

Back 29

True

Front 30

Prisonization is the adaptation to the prison culture and advances as the inmate gradually understands what constitutes acceptable behavior

Back 30

True

Front 31

The culture of any prison is heavily influenced by the prison staff

Back 31

False

Front 32

The past three decades have not experienced a rise in incarceration rates of women and minority groups

Back 32

False

Front 33

Corrections budgets are straining under the financial pressures caused by the healthcare needs for aging inmates

Back 33

False

Front 34

Prison guards do not use the threat of violence to control the inmate population

Back 34

False

Front 35

Amongst the prisoners, violence isused to establish power and dominance

Back 35

True

Front 36

Violence, in Prison, is used primarily to establish the prisoner hierarchy by separating the powerful from the weak

Back 36

False

Front 37

Race does not play a major role in prison life

Back 37

False

Front 38

Prisoners often segregate themselves according to geography and race

Back 38

True

Front 39

Gang affiliation is often the cause of inmate on inmate violence

Back 39

True

Front 40

A Pardon is an act of executive clemency that overturns a conviction and erases mention of the crime from the person’s criminal record

Back 40

True

Front 41

A status offender, is a juvenile who has engaged in behavior deemed unacceptable for those under a certain statutorily determined age

Back 41

True

Front 42

Bullying has traditionally been seen as an inevitable rite of passage among adolescents than potentially criminal behavior

Back 42

True

Front 43

Regardless of gender, race,intelligence, or class-At risk persons will commit fewer crimes as they grow older

Back 43

True

Front 44

In the Juvenile Justice System,the detention hearing is the process by which the court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to support a petition

Back 44

True

Front 45

The philosophy that those who commit criminal acts should be punished based on the severity of the crime and that no other factors should be considered

Back 45

Retribution

Front 46

A form of deterrence designed to prevent the offender from offending again is

Back 46

Specific Deterrence

Front 47

______________occur(s) when an inmate is awarded an early release from prison, but is still supervised in the community for a specified amount of time

Back 47

Probation

Front 48

In States with determinate sentencing, the prisoner’s sentence is determined by

Back 48

the Legislature

Front 49

Which of the following is considered Mitigating Circumstances?

Back 49

A history of physical abuse as a child

Front 50

Circumstances that allow for a lighter sentence to be handed down are

Back 50

Mitigating circumstances

Front 51

All of the following are types of punishment except

Back 51

Rehabilitation

Front 52

The concept of “Just Deserts” is most closely associated with the punishment theory of

Back 52

Retribution

Front 53

The most common method of carrying out the death sentence in the United States is

Back 53

Lethal Injection

Front 54

Any circumstances accompanying the commission of a crime that may justify a lighter sentence is a

Back 54

Mitigating Circumstance

Front 55

Which of the following is NOT a justification for Community-Based Corrections?

Back 55

It satisfies the correctional goal of retribution

Front 56

Intermediate Sanctions do NOT include

Back 56

Parole

Front 57

Which intermediate sanction requires offenders to remain home at all times, except for medical emergencies?

Back 57

Home Incarceration

Front 58

When the judge sentences an offender to a specific amount of time in jail, followed by a period of probation, this is known as________

Back 58

A split sentence

Front 59

Which option listed does not include conditions of supervision, but the judge retainsthe right to revoke the open for cause

Back 59

Suspended Sentence

Front 60

Programs that allow offenders to spend a portion of each week incarcerated are called

Back 60

Intermittent Sentence Programs

Front 61

A sentence handed down by the Judge that generally acts as an alternative to incarceration is called

Back 61

Probation

Front 62

America’s First Penitentiary

Back 62

Isolated inmates from one another in solitary cells.

Front 63

The__________system of confinement was also known as the Walnut Street system

Back 63

New York

Front 64

Jails are operated by which level of government

Back 64

County

Front 65

Violence in prison is a tool for establishing

Back 65

Anarchy

Front 66

An inmate who takes advantage of prison programs and strives to improve him or herself,while incarcerated is

Back 66

Gleaning

Front 67

An inmate’s assimilation into the prison culture is known as

Back 67

Prisonization

Front 68

The release of an inmate at the end of his or her sentence without any further correctional supervision

Back 68

Expiration Release

Front 69

The theory that inmate aggression is caused when freedoms and services that the inmate has come to accept as normal are decreased or eliminated is called

Back 69

Relative Deprivation

Front 70

The doctrine of Parens Patriae holds

Back 70

The state has the right and responsibility to care for children who are neglected, delinquent, or disadvantaged.

Front 71

The initial process in which the juvenile court determines whether or not there is evidence to support the petition is called

Back 71

Adjudication Hearing

Front 72

Juveniles can be transferred to adult court by

Back 72

Judicial Waiver

Front 73

Juvenile court is drastically different from adult court in that

Back 73

There are no Judges

Front 74

Which of the following was not a right bestowed on Juvenile defendants as a result of In re Gault

Back 74

The right to a public hearing

Front 75

Which case was the first U.S. Supreme Court decision to extend Due Process rights to children in Juvenile Courts

Back 75

In re Gault

Front 76

When juveniles act impulsively, engage in risky behavior, or fail to calculate the long-term consequences of any particular action is called

Back 76

Juvenile behavior

Front 77

_________is defined as repeated, aggressive behavior with physical (hitting, punching, and kicking) and verbal (teasing, name calling, spreading false rumors) components

Back 77

Bullying

Front 78

________occurs when a person uses computers, Smartphone, or other electronic devices to inflict willful and repeated emotional harm

Back 78

Cyberbullying

Front 79

The first court for Juveniles was first established in which U.S. state:

Back 79

Illinois