Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
richard allen and the AME church
|
(early 19th century/PA)
-African Methodist Episcopal church -1st af am. denomination in US -formed as a response to white racism -formed so blacks could control their religious lives/choose religion freely |
|
|
David Walker's Appeal
|
(1829)
• A radical anti-slavery document • instilled pride in its black readers and give hope that change would someday come • spoke out against the American colonization society, aka colonization (move free blacks back to Africa) • called for immediate, universal, and unconditional emancipation (very uncommon during that time) |
|
|
The “invisible institution”
|
(around civil war time)
• What it is: slaves practiced religions and that was not acceptable by their masters, so they would be forced to sneak around to practice it (hence, invisible) • Resistance strategy: Important for slaves to cope with their terrible lives • Secret cave meetings were held, and music and dancing would bring slaves back to life • This is a problem for documentation purposes because it had to be so secretive • A question of African American freedom |
|
|
Silver Bluff, SC
|
(1773-75 revolutionary war period)
• Location of the first black baptist church in US -during the same time as the protestant evangelical revolution AND the american revolution -1000s of af.ams were converting |
|
|
13th amendment
|
(1865)
in US constitution, which is a democratic document with checks and balances...somehow none of that mattered • freed slaves o but slowly things created confliction between it actually ‘freeing’ slaves • extreme racism • creation of: black codes and HBCU’s • “separate but equal” supreme court decision (1896) |
|
|
politics of respectability
|
(late 19th century)
• Reform of individual behavior and attitudes as a strategy for reform of the entire structural system of American Racism o Non-violent form of resistance: to the negative stigmas and caricatures about their women morality o Opposition to lynching and racial atrocities • Black women movement to eradicate black women sexual object stereotypes o Women has dignity, self, basically are real people too • A huge strategy of the National Baptist convention(1886) |
|
|
national baptist convention
|
• What: founded in late 1800s, purpose is to bring baptists together to preach
• Gender perspective seen through the Women’s Convention (1900) • Black church as a public sphere and multiple site (for worship, political organizing, theater, publishing house, school, lodge) • Allowed black women’s stories to get out to the public o Got support from prominent black leaders (WEB Dubois, etc) |
|
|
"nation within a nation"
|
(during slave era and after emanc. proc.)
-the black church-economically, socially, politically, educationally- is a nation within america o Frazier used this idEr as a powerful counter public sphere to racism |
|
|
"Atlanta Compromise"
|
(1895)
-Speech delivered by Booker T. Washington -he asked other races in America to ensure fair treatment to the African American race. -Demanded better jobs for African Americans and to improve their social and economical lives. -confronted African Americans and told them to concentrate on the standard of their lives and accept segregation. Told them not to demand equal treatment. Some people criticized this because they thought it basically accepted the inferiority of the African American race. |
|
|
double consciousness
|
-term used by WEB Dubois
-It represents the two different identities of African Americans as a person of color and American. -He wishes for it to be acceptable to be a person of color and American without the stereotypes and unequal opportunities. |
|
|
Niagara Movement
|
(1905)
-organization of black intellectuals led by W.E.B. Du Bois asking for full political, civil, and social rights for black Americans. -Called to end racial segregation. -ended due to lack of support and finances. |
|
|
Souls of Black Folk and the message of the “sorrow songs”
|
-a song in W.E.B. Du Bois book
-describes the transformation of the life of a southern negro becoming an individual of influence and tells stories of racial issues, and the harsh realities that African Americans experienced over time. |
|
|
re-emergence of Islam
|
(1920s: early 20th c)
-movement with leader Noble Drew Ali that introduced 1000s of blacks to american islam -oppositional cultural strategy - had 4 sources: biblical imagery, pan-africanism, theosophy, and fraternal groups -black americans developed global perspective on race and politics |
|
|
UNIA
|
(early 20th c)
-united negro improvement association -international self help organization -created by Marcus Garvey - It sought the uplift of the black race and encouraged self-reliance and nationhood. -The members do everything in their power to conserve the rights of their race. |
|
|
pan-africanism
|
(19th century)
-idea that people of African descent throughout the world share a common history, culture, and experience. - belief that encouraged them to unify and work together to end their common problems such as racism and slavery. -The movement inspired Marcus Garvey’s United Negro Improvement Association |
|
|
moorish american
|
(1913)
-belief that African Americans had descended from Moors therefore they were originally Islamic. -Moorish Science Temple of America was founded by Noble Drewali -American religious organization that claimed they were a division of Islam |
|
|
Great Migration
|
(1910 to 1930)
-1.75 million African Americans out of the Southern United States to the North, Midwest and West from to escape racism and find employment in industrial cities. -note that - the emancipation proclamation was signed in 1863. |
|
|
thomas dorsey
|
(1930s)
-“the father of black gospel music” -combined Christian praise with the rhythm of jazz and the blues into gospel music. -brought gospel blues into american mainstream -established chicago churches -bridged cultural religious worlds |
|
|
gospel blues
|
-blues based from gospel music.
-Blues guitar with evangelic lyrics. -urbanized black churches -such an intimate level of connection with the music |
|
|
the frenzy
|
(20th c; in urbanized black churches)
• Focuses on the emotionalism of the church • being one with The holy spirit on multiple levels -Some worshippers “got the spirit” and would begin shouting and others would roll on the floor in a shaking, trance like state. Other would wave their hands in the air or clap to the rhythm. |
|
|
emmett till
|
(1955)
-African American boy beaten and murdered in Mississippi at age 14 for reportedly whistling at a white women. -no charges against murders. -motivated the American Civil Rights Movement. |
|
|
Montgomery bus boycott
|
(1955)
-started w rosa parks arrest -ended with US Supreme Court declared laws requiring segregated buses unconstitutional -major achievement in black rights history |
|
|
nonviolent direct action
|
(early 20st century)
-potent weapon for social change -tactic to gain black rights -ex. sit ins, agape, frenzy -used by MLK, malcolm x -MLK described his goal of nonviolent direct action in his “letter from a Birmingham jail” -idEr of turning the other cheek, being a forgiving christian - |
|
|
agape
|
• preached by Martin luther king jr.
• unconditional love towards everyone -concept of divine, unconditional love. Political strategies were based on hope for agape. |
|
|
Organization of Afro-American Unity
|
(1964)
-Formed by Malcolm X - promote unity of Africans and Afro-Americans -connect all blacks on many levels - Restored connection with Africa based on sharing same struggle and self-reliance. |
|
|
NY police dept. and murder of Malcolm X
|
(1960s)
-Most likely contributed to conspiracy of Malcolm X murder -CIA and FBI threatened by eventual alliances malcolm X was making |
|
|
"Letter from a Birmingham Jail"
|
(1960's)
-MLKJ composed on the margins of newspaper while imprisoned during the Birmingham Campaign. -• courage of ppl involved in civil rights movement who went to s. jail to make political movements • death and life struggle for freedom of blacks • king’s incarceration -Later based his book "Why We Cant Wait" about this letter/experience. |
|
|
MLK 300 yrs of enslavement
|
(1960s)
• wanted reparation • believed in colorblindedness • more militant than Malcolm x |
|
|
MLK 2 greatest sins
|
(1960s)
• 2 sins: slavery and war fare -God will punish Americans • wealth from slavery could be given as reparation o important step to make up for 300 yrs of enslavement |
|
|
"your country? how came it yours?"
|
-WEB dubois
-questions why whites get country -blacks put their blood and tears into this country... if anyone's it's blacks |
|
|
Plessy v Ferguson
|
(early 20th c)
"Separate but equal" -made it legal to segregate schools and other public facilities. -Later repealed by Brown v Board of Education. |
|
|
civil right act of 1964
|
A major outcome of the civil rights movement, desegregated schools, workplace, voting and government.
|
|
|
gandhi
|
(1950-60s)
• nonviolent direct action is connection between politics • utilized in MLK jr. and Malcolm’s ideas • preached truth and social justice |
|
|
malcolm X and human rights
|
-radical black activist
-Muslim w. the nation of islam. -Unlike King, he would do "by any means necessary" to achieve civil rights for blacks -Was often criticized for wanting blacks to completely break away from whites, instead of unite. -organization of afro-american unity |
