Final Exam Study Rel175

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Eschatology

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"Study of last things" A doctrine or theological concept about the ultimate destiny and the universe. 1)Soul following death. 2) Fate of cosmos 3) Parousia/chaining of satan.

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Paraclete

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"An Advocate/Intercessor summoned to aid" Gospel of John uses this to denote the Holy Spirit. Translated "Comforter" "Helper" "Advocate"

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Stoicism

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Greek Philosophy, Popular amongst upper class in roman times. Duty, endurance, service towards gods, family, state. believes in the souls immortality. Divine Force leads humanity.

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Suzerain

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Translated "Great King" Suzerain Covenant--Superior party makes terms, inferior party obeys. Suzerain Treaty--Great King offers aid to vessel, who pledges loyalty.

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Samaritans

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Inhabitants of Samaria, according to jews-descendents of foreigners who intermarried with assyrian survivors. Have their own bible. Famous for the "good samaritan"

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Holofernes

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Book of judah, assyrian commander, killed by hot widow, judith, thus leading to assyrian defeat.

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Sadducees

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Ultraconservative jewish sect, mostly wealthy and political landowners, only believed in the torah, everything else was crap, denied ressurection and judgement in afterlife, cooperated with roman rule.

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Seleucids

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Macedonian Greek dynasty founded by alexander's general, Seleucus. Controlled Palestine after defeating Ptolemy's of Eygpt.

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Q

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Abbreviation of "Quelle" which means "source". A hypothetical document that contained many of jesus' sayings. explained material that was in matt. and luke, but not in mark. Q is the single source.

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Onesimus

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runaway slave of philemon of colossae whom paul converted to christianity and reconciled to his master.

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Jason

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Wrote 2 Maccabees, many exaggerations which lead it to lack credibility, jason was possibly a pharisee, focuses on the revolt towards helenization by the greeks, presents the success as an act of god, injects religious commentary, believes in bodily resurrection.

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James--The Disciple

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Brother of John, Present at transfiguration, with jesus during his arrest, requested a spot in the messianic kingdom, beheaded.

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James--Jesus Sibling

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First opposed jesus' work, converted when jesus rose from the dead, became a leader in Jerusalem church, clashed with paul over his circumcision policies, martyred.

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Logos

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Means "word" and "reason", greek philosophers used this to denote the rational principle that creates and informs the universe, represents the mediator between god and his material creation, denotes the prehuman jesus.

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Hasmoneans

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The jewish royal dynasty founded by the maccabees and named for hasmon, roman conquest of palestine in 63 BCE brought hasmonean rulership and jewish independence to an end.

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Herod the Great

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Roman appointed ruler of judea, ruler when jesus was born, completely reconstructed the jerusalem temple, notorious for reputed cruelty and almost universally hated by jews.

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Ahasuerus

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(Xerxes I) Located in book of esther, led the second persian invasion of greece, defeated at battle of salamis, no record that he ever had jewish queen named esther

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Lady Wisdom

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Ecclesiasticus, Wisdom of Solomon, The bringer of immortality according to solomon, the speaker (who takes wisdom as his "bride") implies that the soul exists prior to its imprisonment in the physical body

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Gnosis/Gnosticism

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Early christian movement, taught salvation was gained through special knowledge (gnosis) revealed through a spiritual savior (jesus), became major heresy in primitive church

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Antithesis

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a term decribing 6 of jesus' sayings in matthews sermon on the mount, ex) "you have learned that they were told" (the thesis) "but i tell you this" (the antithesis)

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Adam

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In Genesis, adam literally means "ruddy" from the hebrew from "red", new testament writers typically use adam as a symbol for all of humanity.

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Flavius Josephus

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Jewish historian, wrote: Antiquities of the Jews, The Jewish Wars (covers revolt against rome), provides valuable background material for first century judaism and the early christian period.

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Qoheleth

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Ecclesiastes translation, main speaker of book is Qohelet (son of david, King of jerusalem), endorses wisdom as a means for a well lived earthly life

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Abomination of Desolation

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Found in Daniel, 1 Maccabees, and the Gospels. possible antichrist, people need to leave the city and head to the mountains when it happens

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Sirach

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By Ben Sira, like the proverbs in a sense of having a collection of teachings but it's written by one author, wisdom is synonymous with the fear of god

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Thecla

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Young virgin who followed paul's teachings and escaped with him only to be nearly raped and after she beats of the englishman she gets charged with assault but escapes that as well.

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Parousia

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Used to denote the second coming of Jesus, Punish the wicked, redeem the served, Emphasized Jesus' continued spiritual presence rather than an eschatological apparation.