Final Exam Speech

Front 1

What are norms?

Back 1

Traditions, expectations, and values within a culture

Front 2

What are some symbols and values of other culture?

Back 2

appropriate clothing, amount to spend on a meal, a hug or handshake, formal or informal language, where to sit, when to leave, etc.

Front 3

What is context?

Back 3

A nonverbal message and relational variable that accompanies communication events - the backdrop for the words.

Front 4

What is a low-context culture?

Back 4

A culture that ignores much of the nonverbal and relational information and focuses on words.

Front 5

When someone says that something was taken "out of context" what type of culture are they referring to?

Back 5

A low context culture

Front 6

What is a high context culture?

Back 6

more attention to the nonverbal and relational messages that to the words. Messages are put into an appropriate frame of reference.

Front 7

Where do low-context cultures exist? Name an example of a low-context culture?

Back 7

heterogeneous groups or countries where there is a diverse ethnic population and history of personal independence. Shared language in this case, becomes the center of communication (due to all of the other different cultural differences)

Mechanical engineers focused on fixing a mechanical line that is slowing production - they want to get it done in they are not worried about the relation between them.

Front 8

Which cultures value getting to the point, and saying what you mean?

Back 8

Low context.

Front 9

Where do high context cultures exist?

Back 9

Between groups that are hoogenous, not unified or ethnically diverse. Many values are held in common, there is a shared understanding.

Front 10

What is an example of a high context culture?

Back 10

A family, more listening attention is given to the holistic, non verbal meanings.

Front 11

Which countries have the highest and lowest contexts?

Back 11

High -Japanese, Chinese, Arabic,

Low - Scandinavian, German, German Swiss

Front 12

Which Professions have the highest contexts? Which professions have the lowest contexts?

Back 12

High - Human Resources, Marketing and Sales, Manufacturing Products
Low - Information Systems
Engineering
Finance

Front 13

What are Simple Groups?

Back 13

The Redfox swamp example - there is an established culture that needs to be followed by everyone

Front 14

How can family cultures have an impact on relationships?

Back 14

Family cultures can make or break relationships - they can make the relationships very difficult - (the rural vs. Urban example)

Front 15

What is the difference between a simple organization and a complex organization?

Back 15

Simple - meets, discusses agenda, resolves, dispands group

Complex - culture challanges new goals, and innovations. Groups take on a more permanent life, leaders develop goals, subgoals, work together everyday

Example: a company that works in engineering, production, sales, and marketing.

Front 16

Name a cultural difference for each of the following communication categories:
semantics:
Vocalics:
Volume:
Pitch:
Rate:
Pausing:
Quality:
Proxemics:
Territory:
Personal Space:
Kinesics:
Physical appearance:
Facial expressions:
Oculesics:
Haptics;
Olfactics:
Chronemics:

Back 16

V: people from Thailand speak quietly
P: Native Americans have a quite pitch range
R: N Americans think slow speakers have lower credibility rapid = nervous
P: Japanese frequently use silence when negotiating
Q: Can be taken as sarcastic, superior, etc.
T: french children stay close to their parents
PS: Saudi Araiba, conversational distance is 2 ft.
K: movements and gestures are considered rude in some cultures and not others
P: Clothing that is Muslim may cause concern for some passengers
F: Asian cultures smile to conceal embarassment
O: looking away is a sign of respect when visiting with people from India
H: mexicans use touch to show confidence
O: N American find body odors offensive, natural odors are dirdy
C: Chinese and Spanish are not pressured by time

Front 17

How do simple cultures gain research information from available sources?

Back 17

Phone calls, E-mails, talks wiwth group members, etc.

Front 18

How do complex and national cultures research information?

Back 18

They get information from libraries, websites, interviews, and authoritative briefings.

Front 19

To improve cross cultral listening, what do we need to do with respect to symbols?

Back 19

We need to honor and appreciate cultural norms and avoid judgements about symbols and rituals that see strange or bizarre, realizing that as we grow iwth a culture, the connection between huan needs and symbols will be apparent.

Front 20

What are the 4 psychological stages that occur within Cross-Cultural Adjustment?

Back 20

Excitement, The Angry Stage, The Humor Stage, and the Feel at Home Stage

Front 21

What is the Excitement Stage?

Back 21

You are excited to be in a different country and anticipating and looking forward to the new interactions.

Front 22

What is the Angry Stage?

Back 22

You become angry, anxious, and possibly depressed. Tired of speaking and listening to a foreign language, and the cultural values are frustrating.

Front 23

What is the humor stage?

Back 23

You laugh and joke about the mistakes and misunderstandings that were major concerns in the angry stage, and you have some friends that you can relax and share with

Front 24

What is the feel at home stage?

Back 24

You new country, home away from home, you function well in your new culture, feel secure, sociable, and productive, as well as at peace with your life.

Front 25

What is the first step in becoming an effective listener?

Back 25

Awareness of the variables that contribute to active listening

Front 26

Listening analysis and preparation are conducted where? This analysis examines what 6 things?

Back 26

Analysis is conducted before, during, and after we listen, and this analysis examines the sender, listener, message, culture, climate, and movement.

Front 27

We have to organize our research to gain information in what six categories?

Back 27

1. How the sender spends her occupational time (police officer, parent, etc)
2. The cultural, social, and educational background of the sender
3. The reason for the interaction
4. The political orientation of the sender
5. The age and sex of the sender
6. The economic level of the sender

Front 28

Whenever possible, we should do what to help us understand the upcoming message?

Back 28

We should determine the general nature of the upcoming message. This helps us determine the type of listening we will be doing.

Front 29

What four ways are Cultural values reflected in the meeting time, formality, and preparation?

Back 29

1. The time of day (when does the meeting occur)
2. The formality of the setting (formal or routine)
3. Time constraints (is time limited, coffee?)
4. Interruptions (are phone calls on hold? Are interruptions controlled?

Front 30

Why is climate difficult to analyze?

Back 30

Difficult to analyze because it can change so quickly, without warning.

Front 31

What do we look for when we listen to the sender and the message DURING the listening interaction?

Back 31

We listen for vocalics, pitch rate, and pauses, vocalizations, we listen with our eyes, we listen to haptics (we listen to all of the non-verbal crap through holistic listening).

Front 32

How do we remain effective during an interaction when we are listening?

Back 32

1. Monitor the message to determine the current listening role
2. active listening behaviors appropriate to that role

Front 33

What are some Comprehensive listening Guidelines?

Back 33

1. Take accurate notes
2. Remember items in sequence, (first, second, third, so on)
3. Ask relevant questions
4. Observe intensly and remain objective
5. Put pieces together
6. Be energized in your search for information
7. Imagine what this information might mean

Front 34

What are some therapeutic guidelines?

Back 34

1. Establish an appropriate setting
2. Develop active, attending behaviors
3. Establish a supportive communication climate
4. Offer supportive responses

Front 35

What do we need to be aware of in the Critical listening role?

Back 35

1. Speaker Credibility
2. Logic
3. Reasoning
4. Persuasive Techniques

Front 36

Why do we need to debrief after listening?

Back 36

We need to learn from our listening effectiveness and reduce noise. We should analyze what went well, and what needs to change

Front 37

Why should we listen to culture during a listening experience?

Back 37

We need to be sensitive to cultural cues, messages that indicate traditions or values. We can copare expressed values with previous impressions of the culture before the listening took place.

Front 38

Why should we listen to climate during the listening experience?

Back 38

The climate can dramatically change during or after a listening experience.

Front 39

Why should we listen to movement during the listening experience?

Back 39

We should listen for the senders placing, pushing, pausing, pleasing, and pulling. If we are uncomfortable, we should work to change that listening environment.