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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a city-state and its hinterland?
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A city state is independently governed and is surrounded by hinterland which was used to provide for their necessities
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How was life in the Renaissance different to the life in the Middle Ages? (physical characteristics,view of the world,faith and art)
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In the Renaissance, people were more optimistic due to humanism and because of that people had started to develop new ways of thinking that affected the church and the way we looked at art because they had more leisure time
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What were three reasons why Europe was ready socially and economically for the Renaissance (ie.Italy)?
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Italy was quite wealthy and had access to most trade routes and could provide for themselves which led them to have leisure time to explore
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What were characteristics in Bruegel's art?
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He often used a bird's eye view, set his paintings in historical and religious places, painted mainly peasants, emphasized posture, simplified faces and used great detail, he also portrays flaws of human beings and some of his paintings have a lesson to learn from it
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What were characteristics of Van Eyck's art?
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He was often more serious and painted in great detail, he often used religious themes, and used lots of symbols
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What new technique could be seen in Renaissance art?
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Linear perspective, colour, light, shadow, more accurate representation
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What new material was available in the Renaissance?
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Oil paints were discovered which dried slowly allowing changes to be made over time
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What is a fresco?
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Paint applied to wet plaster (created by Michelangelo)
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What is mathematical perspective?
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A sense of depth
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What is humanism?
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To be concerned with the goals of human beings rather than spiritual matters
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How was humanism different in the Northern Europe?
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Feudalism had stayed longer in Europe so therefore the money and power belonged to those in the upper class; also studied more philosophy and wrote in Greek and Hebrew
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How did ideas of the Renaissance move from Italy to the North?
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Travelling traders, books, scholars and artists who were often sponsored by monarchs
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How was Northern Art different from Italy's?
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Gothic art remained popular, religious themes were more notable, art was usually more dark, also more serious, etching and woodcutting were more popular
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How did gender and class change your prospects of marriage?
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Women in the lower class were able to choose who they married but unlike the ones in the higher class, they had arranged marriages
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What is the relationship between a patron and an artist?
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The patron supplies all the basic needs for the artist to survive so they can focus on creating beautiful art
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Who does the relationship benefit in the patronage of arts?
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The patron benefits because then they get to own works of art
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What is the relationship between the patrician and the patron?
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A patrician had the duty to give financial support to the scholars and artists
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What is the Renaissance ideal of an educated person according to Castiglione?
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According Castiglione, they must combine ethical and intellectual virtue, military and sporting ability, and also possess a relaxed and grateful manner; a man needs to be proficient at the lute, sword and able to dance as well as ride a horse
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What was schooling like during the Renaissance and what were the main subjects?
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Lessons were taught in Latin, punishments for bad behavior was often harsh and learning was only through memorization; the subjects taught were mainly, conversation, debate and sophisticated literacy
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Who wrote the "Book of the Courtier"?
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Castiglione
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What was the time period for the Renaissance?
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1300's to mid 1600's
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What is a republic?
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A government whose head of state is not a monarch
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What was the Renaissance ideal of the educated person?
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Same as Castiglione's but extended into music, fine arts, politics, athletics, and military ability
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What is a patron?
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A person who financially supports scholars or artists
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What is a patrician?
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A member of highest society in Italian city-states during the Renaissance; an aristocrat
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What does secular mean?
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Non-religious ideas
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What did Johann Gutenberg invent?
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The movable type block printing
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What did the study of humanities include (hint: 4 subjects)?
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Rhetoric, grammar, poetry and history
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In the 1300's what was the most significant trigger for change in Europe?
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The Black Plague because it took a toll on around 1/3 of the population in Europe that led to a shift in population as their was unrest and the lower class demanded for higher wages as there was not enough people to harvest
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What was the purpose of education for Renaissance scholars?
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The scholars believed that an education was one of the key roles because it allowed people to increase their knowledge and become more well-rounded
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What jobs in lower class did most of them have?
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Laborers, porters, boatmen and peddlers
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What jobs in the middle class did most of them have?
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Shopkeepers, artisans; some worked for minor guilds as a blacksmith, leathertanners, carpenters and butchers
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What jobs in the higher class did most of them have?
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Ran businesses, often most of the major guilds and humanists
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What were some achievements in the Renaissance?
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In arts and literature, people and nature were portrayed more realistically and Shakespeare had written many plays; in medicine,they used poison to kill diseased tissue and learned how to cauterize a wound
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Why was the printing press an important part of the Renaissance?
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It allowed new ideas to be published and to be spread quickly
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What is individualism?
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Personal independence; the idea that everyone should be free to develop and to pursue his or her own goals
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