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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the spark for the Protestant Reformation?
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Corruption and greed amongst the church officials
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What was the structure of the Catholic Church?
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Pope; head of the church, Cardinals; Pope's advisors, Archbishops; governed the church in each country, Bishops; governed each diocese, Priests; explained the church's teachings, People; paid taxes to the church
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What happened of you did wrong in the Catholic Church?
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Must confess their sins, pay penance, attend Mass often and aid the poor
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Who showed signs of corruption and triggered the Protestant Reformation?
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Johann Tetzel showed signs of corruption because he started selling indulgences and Luther disproved of that
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What is an indulgence?
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Certificates, issued by the Pope which were said to reduce or cancel punishment for a person's sins
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Why did Luther criticize the Church?
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He thought the selling of indulgences was wrong because the only way he thought that you could reach salvation only through God's mercy
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How did Luther criticize the Church?
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He nailed 95 theses to the door explaining why the selling of indulgences was wrong
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What were Luther's four big ideas?
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The bible; should be available for everyone to read and read directly, faith; direct relationship with God, mass; everyone should be allowed to have wine and bread, priests were not special
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What is Luther's story?
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A while ago in Wittenberg, the Catholic Church dominated religion, they also sold indulgences to the people. Martin Luther disapproved of this. He then nailed 95 theses to the door explaining why that was wrong. The church did not like that so they invited him to Rome to recant. He did not and was now considered a heretic. During this time was the Peasant's War and the peasants were surprised that Luther did not support them. At the Diet of Worms where they gave him a second chance, he did not take back what he said. So the church excommunicated him and gave him a Papal bull. He then went to Germany and got the support of some Princes. They debated for a while until they got to the Peace of Augsburg which said that each of them would run it their own way. Many people were forced to move so they could practice their faith
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What was Johann Tetzel's rhyme and how is is relevant?
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"When the coin in the coffer rings, then the soul to heaven springs" this meant that when you paid you were forgiven - like the indulgences
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How did Pope Leo X react to Luther and why?
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First he gave him a Papal bull banning him from publishing his works then excommunicated him as he was a threat to the Catholic Church
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Why is the Catholic Reformation sometimes called the Counter Reformation?
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Because they both tried to give an opposite response to Luther's criticism's
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What was the Council of Trent?
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A clear set of rules for the Catholic Church
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Who were the Jesuits?
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People who worked tirelessly to try and convert people back to Catholicism and were well educated
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Who were the Anabaptists?
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People who believed that they should be baptized when they have reached the age that they could show their faith; they separated themselves from others and were often persecuted
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How was John Calvin different from Luther?
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Calvin believed in predestination and did not believe that everyone was to be saved; churches were also plain and they followed a strict moral behaviour
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What is predestination?
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The belief that God has determined all things in advance, including the salvation of souls
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What were the two main goals in the Catholic Reformation?
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To rid the church of abuses and uphold traditional Catholic beliefs
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What was the Inquisition?
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A Roman Catholic Church court revived during the Counter Reformation for the purpose of trying to convict heretics
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What happened when the Peace of Augsburg was reached?
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Most of the princes in the North chose protestantism while the princes in the South chose to stay Catholic
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What motivated Henry VII to quarrel in Rome?
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He wanted to quarrel about the validation of his marriage with Catherine because she was not giving Henry any heirs to the throne; in the end, their marriage ended up being valid because Catherine had begged
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What were Catherine of Aragon's contributions to England?
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Ruled effectively when Henry was out in war
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What was Mary's legacy?
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To become queen to the throne and convert everyone back to Catholicism
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How was Anne Boleyn different to Catherine of Aragon?
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Anne Boleyn was younger and was supposed to be French
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What was Elisabeth's legacy?
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To try and find a protestant religion that everyone would accept
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What is another name for the Church of England?
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The Anglican Church
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How was the Anglican Reformation like the Reformation in Europe?
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They both tried to convert back into Catholicism
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What is the Act of Supremacy?
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Stated that the king was the Head of the Church and not the Pope
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Who was Huldreich Zwingli?
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A reformer in Germany who followed Luther's teachings but simplified the church
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What was the justification by faith?
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God's act of pardoning a sin
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