Final Exam Reveiw

Front 1

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder (Vascular Dementia)

what is an early symptom of VNCD

Back 1

forgetfulness also the client is at risk for burns related to forgotten smoking materials.

Front 2

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder

(VNCD) is directly related to an interruption of blood flow to the brain.

Back 2

Symptoms result from death of nerve cells in regions nourished by diseased vessels.

Front 3

Significant RISK factor of Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder (VNCD)(vascular dementia)

Back 3

Hypertension

Front 4

VNCD has an abrupt onset and a fluctuating pattern of progression.

Back 4

Cognitive impairment can occur with multiple small infarcts (sometimes called silent strokes) over time or with a single cerebrovascular event in a strategic area of the brain.

Front 5

During the late stages of Alzheimer’s disease, the person becomes....

Back 5

bedbound, and may have very active hands and repetitive movements, grunting, or other vocalizations, and the person may no longer recognize any family members.

Speech sand language are severely impaired. Caregivers need to complete most HELP PATIENT WITH THEIR ADLs. The nursing priority is to promote dignity.

Front 6

Safety is always a priority for a client diagnosed with NCD( neurological cognitive disorder) due to Alzheimer’s disease

Back 6

When the client starts to have ataxia (muscular incoordination) and purposeless wandering the priority nursing diagnosis is “risk for injury.”

Front 7

There are several support services available for caregivers of and clients with Alzheimer’s disease...including

Back 7

These include financial assistance, legal assistance, caregiver support groups, respite care, and home health care.

All of these support services will help a caregiver deal with caregiver strain.

Front 8

Due to the cognitive decline experienced by a client diagnosed with NCD, the nurse should first assess WHAT?

Back 8

Environmental triggers and potential unmet needs.

Front 9

In Neuro-cognitive disorders NCD, The client’s communication skills may be ???

Back 9

limited and the client may become disoriented and frustrated.

Front 10

Cross-tolerance

Back 10

occurs when one drug lessens and individual’s response to another drug.

Clients who are regularly using alcohol or benzodiazepines have developed cross-tolerance to analgesics and require increased ⬆️doses to achieve effective pain control.

Front 11

High blood pressure and other complications associated with alcohol withdrawal may progress to....

Back 11

delirium, tremens and seizures within 48 to 72 hours following the cessation of prolonged alcohol consumption. High blood pressure should immediately be reported to the physician.

Front 12

What symptom should you immediately report to a provider with patient going through alcohol abuse ?

Back 12

High blood pressure should immediately be reported to the physician.

Front 13

To promote success in the recover process from alcohol, the client should (FIRST STEP)

Back 13

acknowledge the association between personal problems and use of substance indicates acceptance of the problem, which is the first step of the recovery process.

Front 14

What is the first step of recovering alcohol abuse?

Back 14

Patient have to Acknowledge

Front 15

The range for intoxication is..?

Back 15

100 to 200 mg/dL

Front 16

Death has been reported at levels ranging from

Back 16

400 to 700 mg/dL

Front 17

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal usually occur within ?

Back 17

4 to 12 hours of cessation or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use.

Front 18

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

The nurse must note escalating behaviors and..?

Back 18

intervene immediately to prevent an aggressive response and keep the client and others safe.

Front 19

The most appropriate nursing intervention when working with a client that is acutely agitated is...

Back 19

To provide personal space and respect client boundaries

Providing personal space may serve to reduce anxiety and thus reduce the client’s risk for violence.

Front 20

The nurse can enhance the establishment of a trusting relationship by being...

Back 20

reliable, honest, and consistent during interactions.

The nurse should also convey acceptance of the client’s needs and maintain a calm attitude when dealing with agitated behavior.

Front 21

ForBipolar and Related Disorders

The nurse should prioritize diagnoses based on ...?

Back 21

physical and safety needs.

Front 22

A client diagnosed with Bipolar I Disorder: Manic Episode the nurse should provide the client with..? What kind of foods?

Back 22

high-protein, high-calorie, nutritious finger foods and drinks that can be consumed on the run throughout the day.

Because of the client’s hyperactive state, the client has difficulty sitting still long enough to eat a meal.

Front 23

Clients experiencing mania demonstrate?

Back 23

excessive psychomotor activity, low frustration tolerance, and impulsivity, which can lead to aggressive behavior.

Front 24

Hallucinations and delusions are common in ?

Back 24

Acute mania.

The priority nursing action is to protect the client and staff from injury.

Front 25

Symptoms of lithium carbonate toxicity include

Back 25

persistent nausea and vomiting, severe diarrhea, ataxia, blurred vision, (NVD)tinnitus, excessive urine output, increasing tremors, and/or mental confusion. Lithium levels should be monitored monthly during maintenance therapy to ensure proper dosage. The therapeutic level of lithium carbonate is 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L for maintenance therapy.

Front 26

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

• Review: Table 27-1 Classifications of Specific Phobias (page 566).

Back 26

Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

• Review: Table 27-1 Classifications of Specific Phobias (page 566).

Front 27

Buspirone (BuSpar) is an

Back 27

anxiolytic medication that is the drug of choice for treatment of GAD (general anxiety disorder). Buspirone is effective in 60-80% of clients with GAD and takes 10 to 14 days for alleviation of symptoms; it does not have the physical dependency NO PHYSICAL DEPENDENCY or NO tolerance effects of other anxiolytics.

Front 28

Panic disorder

Back 28

is characterized by recurrent, sudden-onset panic attacks in which the person feels intense fear, apprehension, or terror.

Individuals experiencing a severe panic attack often fear that they are dying. The nurse should stay with the client and offer reassurance of safety and security.

Hint 28

Nurse Stay with client

Front 29

Systematic desensitization

Back 29

is used to gradually increase anxiety tolerance by exposure to a series of increasingly anxiety-provoking steps.

Front 30

Behavior modification therapy

Back 30

is used because it provides the client with control over behavioral choices. Issues of control are central in eating disorders; therefore, the client must perceive that he or she is in control of the treatment.

The nurse should educate the family in the importance of family dynamics, involvement, and support in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.

Front 31

A positive indicator of behavioral change is demonstrated when a client uses

Back 31

healthy coping mechanisms to decrease anxiety. Stress and anxiety can increase binging, which is followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Front 32

Anorexia

Bulimia

Back 32

Anorexia: is characterized by low caloric and nutritional intake.

Bulimia : is characterized by episodic, rapid indigestion of large quantities of food, followed by purging.

Isolation is a common maladaptive coping strategy among clients diagnosed with Bulimia Nervosa. Identifying alternative methods to deal with isolation will provide the client with healthier coping strategies.

Front 33

Individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder tend to be

Back 33

self-dramatizing, attention seeking, overly gregarious, and seductive. They often use manipulation and exhibitionism as a means of gaining attention.

Front 34

The best nursing approach when working with a client diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder is to be

Back 34

firm, consistent, and empathetic while addressing specific client behaviors.

Front 35

Individuals with BPD always seem to be in a state of

Back 35

crisis, have frequent mood swings, and exhibit an affect of extreme intensity.

Clients with BPD demonstrate negative patterns of interaction, such as manipulation and splitting.

Manipulative behaviors serve to achieve relief from separation anxiety.

Splitting is a primitive ego defense mechanism related to the client’s inability to integrate and accept both positive and negative feelings

Front 36

A client who states that he or she is getting a message from the beyond

Back 36

indicates a potential diagnosis of Schizotypal Personality Disorder. Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder are aloof and isolated and behave in a bland and apathetic manner. The individual experiences magical thinking, ideas of reference, illusions, and depersonalization as part of daily life.

Front 37

A client diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder might use

Back 37

suicidal gestures to evoke a rescue response from others. Repetitive, self-mutilative behaviors are common in clients diagnosed with BPD. These behaviors are generated by feelings of abandonment following separation from significant others.

Front 38

The priority nursing diagnosis for client diagnosed with Paranoid Personality Disorder is

Back 38

risk for violence: directed toward others R/T suspicious thoughts.

Front 39

Clients diagnosed with Paranoid Personality Disorder

Back 39

have a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others that may result in hostile actions to protect self.

They are often tense and irritable, which increases the likelihood of violent behavior.

Safety of the client and others is always the priority.

Front 40

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Back 40

is characterized by inflexibility and lack of spontaneity. Individuals diagnosed with this disorder are very serious, formal, overdisciplined, perfectionistic, and preoccupied with rules. A client with OCPD have a difficult time accepting change.

Front 41

Children and Adolescents

The most realistic client outcome is related to the nursing diagnosis

Back 41

impaired social interaction for a child diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder is for the client to establish trust with at least one caregiver.

Providing consistent caregivers allow the client to develop trust and a sense of security.

Front 42

Children with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty

Back 42

forming interpersonal relationships with others. They show little interest in people and often do not respond to others’ attempts at interaction.

Front 43

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Back 43

is a central nervous symptom stimulant that serves to increase attention span, control hyperactive behaviors, and improve learning ability for clients diagnosed ADHD. The pharmacological action of Ritalin causes a decrease in appetite that often leads to weight loss.

Front 44

A child whose mother is diagnosed with an anxiety disorder

Back 44

has a greater risk of developing an anxiety disorder. Research indicates that there is a hereditary influence in the development of separation anxiety disorder. More children with relatives who manifest anxiety problems develop anxiety disorders than those without.

Front 45

A child diagnosed with Intellectual Disability the nursing priority is to

Back 45

focus on each client’s strengths and individual abilities. Positive reinforcement can serve to increase self-esteem and encourage repetition of behaviors. This intervention is related to the nursing diagnosis self-care deficit.

Front 46

Antipsychotic medications and alpha 2-adrenergic agonist agents are effective in reducing

Back 46

the severity of tics. The medications are most effective when combined with psychosocial therapy.

Front 47

When caring for children diagnosed with a disruptive behavior disorder the nurse should

Back 47

reinforce positives actions to encourage repetition.

Front 48

Primary prevention example:

Secondary prevention example:

Tertiary prevention:

Back 48

P: Teaching an adolescent about pregnancy prevention.

S: Teaching a client about his or her new diagnosis of bipolar disorder.

T: is services aimed at reducing the residual effects that are associated with severe and persistent mental illness. It is accomplished by promoting rehabilitation that is directed toward achievement of maximum functioning. The nurse who teaches a client to cook meals, make a grocery list, and establish a budget is implementing care within the parameters of tertiary prevention.

Hint 48

Primary = pregnancy teaching

Secondary = diagnosis(s)

Front 49

Schizophrenia is what type of disease?

Back 49

is a chronic disease that includes both exacerbations and remissions in the course of the illness, leading to numerous brief hospitalizations. Community-based care is the standard of treatment.

Front 50

Public attitudes and the stigma associated with mental illness are major barriers to treatment. Stigma is often internalized by individuals with mental illness, leading to

Back 50

hopelessness, lower self-esteem, and isolation. Stigma deprives these individuals of the support they need to recover.

Front 51

nurse who teaches a client to cook meals, make a grocery list, and establish a budget is implementing care within the parameters of

Back 51

Tertiary prevent/care