Final Exam Neonatal Pediatric

Front 1

What is the smallest portion of a child’s airway?

Back 1

Cricoid ring

Front 2

Due to increased oxygen consumption children will desaturate much slower than adults. True or False

Back 2

False

Front 3

What explains why infants and children have a lower pulmonary reserve than adults do?

Back 3

Larger hearts, less elastic recoil in the lungs, chest wall more compliant

Front 4

What laryngoscope blade is recommended for children younger than 3 years old?

Back 4

Miller blade

Front 5

Infants are considered obligate mouth breathers. True or False

Back 5

False

Front 6

Infants are considered obligate mouth breathers. True or False

Back 6

False

Front 7

A neonate is considered premature if gestation age is:

Back 7

<37 weeks

Front 8

Infants are considered obligate mouth breathers. True or False

Back 8

False

Front 9

A neonate is considered premature if gestation age is:

Back 9

<37 weeks

Front 10

A neonate is considered post mature if the gestational age is greater than_____ weeks.

Back 10

>42 weeks

Front 11

What is lechithin to sphingomyelin- ratio (L/S) is normal and indicates lung maturity?

Back 11

2:1

Front 12

What is lechithin to sphingomyelin- ratio (L/S) is normal and indicates lung maturity?

Back 12

2:1

Front 13

The foramen ovale connects the _______ to the ______.

Back 13

Right atrium to the left atrium

Front 14

The ductus arteriosus connects what two anatomical structures?

Back 14

Pulmonary artery to the descending aorta

Front 15

In fetal circulation, blood that is being diverted from the lungs, represents which type of shunt?

Back 15

Right to left shunt

Front 16

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 16

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 17

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 17

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 18

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 18

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 19

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 19

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 20

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 20

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 21

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 21

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 22

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 22

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 23

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 23

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 24

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 24

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 25

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity?

Back 25

Foam test

Front 26

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 26

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 27

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 27

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 28

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 28

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 29

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity?

Back 29

Foam test

Front 30

What substance speeds up lung growth and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome?

Back 30

Glucocorticoids

Front 31

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 31

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 32

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 32

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 33

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 33

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 34

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity?

Back 34

Foam test

Front 35

What substance speeds up lung growth and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome?

Back 35

Glucocorticoids

Front 36

What lung profile test is considered a simple, rapid test that is widely used and requires a low level of expertise and a small (1 mL) of amniotic fluid?

Back 36

Surfactant- albumin (S/A) ratio

Front 37

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 37

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 38

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 38

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 39

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 39

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 40

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity?

Back 40

Foam test

Front 41

What substance speeds up lung growth and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome?

Back 41

Glucocorticoids

Front 42

What lung profile test is considered a simple, rapid test that is widely used and requires a low level of expertise and a small (1 mL) of amniotic fluid?

Back 42

Surfactant- albumin (S/A) ratio

Front 43

High surface tension improves lung compliance. True or False

Back 43

False

Front 44

What type of cells produce surfactant?

Back 44

Alveolar type 2 cells

Front 45

What is the effect of surfactant on surface tension and lung compliance?

Back 45

Lowers the surface tension, therefore it increases lung compliance

Front 46

In fetal circulation, the ______ atrium is at a higher pressure than the ______ atrium.

Back 46

The right atrium is at a higher pressure than the left atrium

Front 47

What simple test utilizes a sample of amniotic fluid combined with ethanol to determine lung maturity?

Back 47

Foam test

Front 48

What substance speeds up lung growth and reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome?

Back 48

Glucocorticoids

Front 49

What lung profile test is considered a simple, rapid test that is widely used and requires a low level of expertise and a small (1 mL) of amniotic fluid?

Back 49

Surfactant- albumin (S/A) ratio

Front 50

High surface tension improves lung compliance. True or False

Back 50

False

Front 51

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is associated with premature infants or post mature infants?

Back 51

Post mature infants

Front 52

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 52

False

Front 53

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 53

False

Front 54

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 54

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 55

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 55

False

Front 56

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 56

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 57

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 57

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 58

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 58

False

Front 59

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 59

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 60

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 60

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 61

What are the shunts associated with fetal circulation?

Back 61

DV, FO, DA

Front 62

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 62

False

Front 63

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 63

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 64

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 64

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 65

What are the shunts associated with fetal circulation?

Back 65

DV, FO, DA

Front 66

What is known to have an effect on the developing fetus, one of them is smoking of any kind so what are the other two?

Back 66

Alcohol, and cocaine

Front 67

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 67

False

Front 68

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 68

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 69

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 69

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 70

What are the shunts associated with fetal circulation?

Back 70

DV, FO, DA

Front 71

What is known to have an effect on the developing fetus, one of them is smoking of any kind so what are the other two?

Back 71

Alcohol, and cocaine

Front 72

The term deceleration when used in labor and delivery area of the hospital refers to:

Back 72

Fetal heart monitoring

Front 73

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 73

False

Front 74

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 74

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 75

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 75

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 76

What are the shunts associated with fetal circulation?

Back 76

DV, FO, DA

Front 77

What is known to have an effect on the developing fetus, one of them is smoking of any kind so what are the other two?

Back 77

Alcohol, and cocaine

Front 78

The term deceleration when used in labor and delivery area of the hospital refers to:

Back 78

Fetal heart monitoring

Front 79

What are two potential methods for monitoring the fetal status during labor?

Back 79

Fetal heart rate monitor and fetal scalp capillary sample for pH

Front 80

Placenta offers a high resistance to blood flow and is responsible for a high SVR.

True or False

Back 80

False

Front 81

A sinusoidal heart rate is indicative of what?

Back 81

Severe fetal hypoxia, acidosis, or anemia

Front 82

What course of action would you take if a newborn presents apneic with a heart rate of <100 bpm despite 30 seconds of stimulation?

Back 82

Initiate positive pressure ventilation

Front 83

What are the shunts associated with fetal circulation?

Back 83

DV, FO, DA

Front 84

What is known to have an effect on the developing fetus, one of them is smoking of any kind so what are the other two?

Back 84

Alcohol, and cocaine

Front 85

The term deceleration when used in labor and delivery area of the hospital refers to:

Back 85

Fetal heart monitoring

Front 86

What are two potential methods for monitoring the fetal status during labor?

Back 86

Fetal heart rate monitor and fetal scalp capillary sample for pH

Front 87

What is true for fetal blood gas?

Back 87

Can be taken from the scalp, usually will have a low pH, and usually will have a low pO2

Front 88

What is an example of a fetal distress blood gas?

Back 88

Ph<7.13, pO2 <20, and pCO2>60

Front 89

What is an example of a fetal distress blood gas?

Back 89

Ph<7.13, pO2 <20, and pCO2>60

Front 90

Life cannot be supported at the 28th week of gestation. True or False

Back 90

False

Front 91

What is an example of a fetal distress blood gas?

Back 91

Ph<7.13, pO2 <20, and pCO2>60

Front 92

Life cannot be supported at the 28th week of gestation. True or False

Back 92

False

Front 93

Periodic breathing is considered to be life threatening. True or False

Back 93

False

Front 94

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 94

True

Front 95

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 95

True

Front 96

A Silverman score of 10 is equivalent to a 0 on an Apgar score. True or False

Back 96

True

Front 97

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 97

True

Front 98

A Silverman score of 10 is equivalent to a 0 on an Apgar score. True or False

Back 98

True

Front 99

A newborns pH is Alkalotic. True or False

Back 99

False

Front 100

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 100

True

Front 101

A Silverman score of 10 is equivalent to a 0 on an Apgar score. True or False

Back 101

True

Front 102

A newborns pH is Alkalotic. True or False

Back 102

False

Front 103

Curosurf is a type of surfactant. True or False

Back 103

True

Front 104

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 104

True

Front 105

A Silverman score of 10 is equivalent to a 0 on an Apgar score. True or False

Back 105

True

Front 106

A newborns pH is Alkalotic. True or False

Back 106

False

Front 107

Curosurf is a type of surfactant. True or False

Back 107

True

Front 108

The newborn/neonate is considered to be an obligatory nose breather. True or False

Back 108

True

Front 109

Late deceleration of the fetal heart rate in relation to the uterine contraction is an ominous sign that the fetus is having difficulty and must be investigated. True or False

Back 109

True

Front 110

A Silverman score of 10 is equivalent to a 0 on an Apgar score. True or False

Back 110

True

Front 111

A newborns pH is Alkalotic. True or False

Back 111

False

Front 112

Curosurf is a type of surfactant. True or False

Back 112

True

Front 113

The newborn/neonate is considered to be an obligatory nose breather. True or False

Back 113

True

Front 114

Infants and children have smaller hearts in proportion to the thoracic diameter. True or False

Back 114

False

Front 115

What cannot be detected by an ultrasound?

Back 115

Presence of infection

Front 116

What is a common cause of fetal bradycardia?

Back 116

Asphyxia

Front 117

What is a common cause of fetal bradycardia?

Back 117

Asphyxia

Front 118

What test can be done to assess fetal maturity?

Back 118

Lecithin- Sphingomyelin ratio test and the Shake (Foam) test

Front 119

What is a common cause of fetal bradycardia?

Back 119

Asphyxia

Front 120

What test can be done to assess fetal maturity?

Back 120

Lecithin- Sphingomyelin ratio test and the Shake (Foam) test

Front 121

What is the method that’s a standard assessment to describe the state of a newborn after delivery (at 1 and 5 minutes of life)?

Back 121

APGAR scoring

Front 122

Glucocorticoids is a tocolytic drug that is used to inhibit uterine contractions. True or False

Back 122

False

Front 123

Glucocorticoids is a tocolytic drug that is used to inhibit uterine contractions. True or False

Back 123

False

Front 124

By birth, the amount of alveoli present is about what?

Back 124

50 million

Front 125

Glucocorticoids is a tocolytic drug that is used to inhibit uterine contractions. True or False

Back 125

False

Front 126

By birth, the amount of alveoli present is about what?

Back 126

50 million

Front 127

During fetal cardiopulmonary development what major organ begins to develop first?

Back 127

Heart

Front 128

What is the single most important skill in newborn resuscitation?

Back 128

Effective positive pressure ventilation

Front 129

What is the single most important skill in newborn resuscitation?

Back 129

Effective positive pressure ventilation

Front 130

An infant can loose heat much faster than an adult. True or False

Back 130

True

Front 131

Body surface area is greater in infants than in adults. True or False

Back 131

True

Front 132

The loss of heat from evaporation of liquid on the skin is known as what?

Back 132

Evaporation

Front 133

Umbilical venous catheter allows fluids and medicines to be given without frequently replacing an intravenous (IV) line. True or False

Back 133

True

Front 134

Umbilical artery catheter allows continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent measurement of arterial blood gases. True or False

Back 134

True

Front 135

Umbilical artery catheter allows continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent measurement of arterial blood gases. True or False

Back 135

True

Front 136

If fetal heart rate monitoring shows a sinusoidal pattern and scalp fetal ABG indicates a pH 6.98, what would be the best course of action?

Back 136

Emergency (DTAT) Cesarean Section

Front 137

Umbilical artery catheter allows continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent measurement of arterial blood gases. True or False

Back 137

True

Front 138

If fetal heart rate monitoring shows a sinusoidal pattern and scalp fetal ABG indicates a pH 6.98, what would be the best course of action?

Back 138

Emergency (DTAT) Cesarean Section

Front 139

What fetal heart rate deceleration is most common and represent umbilical cord compression?

Back 139

Variable decelerations

Front 140

Umbilical artery catheter allows continuous blood pressure monitoring and frequent measurement of arterial blood gases. True or False

Back 140

True

Front 141

If fetal heart rate monitoring shows a sinusoidal pattern and scalp fetal ABG indicates a pH 6.98, what would be the best course of action?

Back 141

Emergency (DTAT) Cesarean Section

Front 142

What fetal heart rate deceleration is most common and represent umbilical cord compression?

Back 142

Variable decelerations

Front 143

A fetal heart rate of 120 to 160, early deceleration, accelerations, and fetal pH 7.25 to 7.30 is indicative of what?

Back 143

Reassuring patterns

Front 144

Assign a 5 minute APGAR score to the following newborn: heart rate is 90 bpm, blue dusky color all over, has weak grimace and some flexión when stimulated, and weak grasping cry.

Back 144

A score of 4

Front 145

If the AGAR score is 4 do you need to repeat the assessment at 10 minutes of life and assign a 10 minute score?

Back 145

Yes

Front 146

If the AGAR score is 4 do you need to repeat the assessment at 10 minutes of life and assign a 10 minute score?

Back 146

Yes

Front 147

Assign a 10 minute APGAR: newborn heart rate is 139 bpm, who is active and crying with a normal muscle tone and respiratory effort, has blue extremities but torso is pink

Back 147

The score is 9

Front 148

If the AGAR score is 9 do you need to repeat the assessment at 15 minutes of life and assign a 15 minute score?

Back 148

No