Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What Does a Gram Staindo with a bacteria?
|
A way to identify Unicellular bacteria by its shape and appearance
|
|
|
What are antibiotics?
|
Drugs that kill, destroy or inhibit bacteria
|
|
|
How do you destroy bacteria?
|
Through Antibiotics
|
|
|
What is the smallest of the microorganism's?
|
Virus
|
|
|
What is viability?
|
a microorganisms ability or not to live outside the body.
|
|
|
Example of a protozoa that is transmitted sexually
|
Trichomonas
|
|
|
What does "Hem" mean?
|
Blood
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of infections?
|
Communicable and Nosocomial
|
|
|
What are the 6 modes of infection transmission?
|
Direct Contact
Indirect Contact Droplet Airborne Vector Vehicle |
|
|
What is Direct Contact Transmission?
|
Transmission through- handshakes, kiss, touch, sex etc.
|
|
|
What is Indirect Contact Transmission?
|
Transmission through door knobs, faucet, tables, pens etc.
|
|
|
What is Droplet Transmission?
|
Sneeze Cough, it is mucus to mucas with a max. of 3 feet away.
|
|
|
What is airborne Transmission?
|
Mode of transmission by breathing in the microorganism through the air
|
|
|
What is Vector Transmission?
|
Transmission through a bug, animal or other live source
|
|
|
What is Vehicle Transmission?
|
Transmission of Microorganisms that is through ingestion of infected item of food. Salmonilla or E. Eoli are examples
|
|
|
What is a famine?
|
A contaminated Object
|
|
|
What are the four types of isolations?
|
Airborne
Droplet Contact Reverse |
|
|
What is an example of an infected person with Airborne isolation?
|
herpes zoster, measles, TB, chicken pox
|
|
|
What is an example of an infected person with Droplet Isolation?
|
Flu, whooping cough, scarlet fever
|
|
|
What is an example of an infected person with Contact Precaution Isolation?
|
Cellulitus (oozing) Pink Eye, Lice
|
|
|
What is an example of an infected person with Reverse Isolation?
|
AIDS, Chemo Therapy patient, Burn Patient
|
|
|
What elements are required for clotting?
|
Blood Vessels
Blood Platelets Coagulation Factors |
|
|
How many stages does Hemostasis have?
|
4 Broken down into the:
Primary Hemostasis (stage 1&2) Secondary Hemostasis (Stage 3&4) |
|
|
What is stage 1 of Hemostasis?
|
Damaged Blood vessels constrict to reduce the flow of blood AKA VASOCONSTRICTION
|
|
|
What is Stage 2 of Hemostasis?
|
A platelet plug is formed AKA PLATELET PLUG FORMATION
|
|
|
What is stage 3 of Hemostasis?
|
A fibrin clot is formed AKA FIBRIN CLOT FORMATION
|
|
|
What is stage 4 of Hemostasis?
|
Clot is removed or dissolved once healing has occurred AKA FIBRINOLYSIS
|
|
|
What test assesses platelet plug formation?
|
Bleeding Time Test
|
|
|
What is another name for platelets?
|
Thrombocytes
|
|
|
What are the 2 different coagulation pathways?
|
Intrinsic Pathways and Extrinsic Pathways
|
|
|
How do we measure if there is internal bleeding?
|
APTT Testing, and then testing for factors to see how far along it is
|
|
|
What test do we perform to see if there is Extrinsic Bleeding?
|
PT and then we check the factors to see how far along it is
|
|
|
lysis means...
|
Breakdown
|
|
|
What factor is known as the common Pathway?
|
Factor 10
|
|
|
What is plasminogen?
|
a substance in plasma during the clotting process
|
|
|
What is FDP
|
Fibrin Degradation Product that is a small fragments of fibrin that is broken down by plasmin
|
|
|
How is FDP removed?
|
Phagocytic Cells
|
|
|
What 2 clotting factors are present in the blood to help with clotting?
|
Fibrinogen and Prothrombin
|
|
|
What cells produce heparin?
|
Mast Cells (tissue basophilis)
|
|
|
How do we measure if there is internal bleeding?
|
APTT Testing, and then testing for factors to see how far along it is
|
|
|
What test do we perform to see if there is Extrinsic Bleeding?
|
PT and then we check the factors to see how far along it is
|
|
|
lysis means...
|
Breakdown
|
|
|
What factor is known as the common Pathway?
|
Factor 10
|
|
|
What is plasminogen?
|
a substance in plasma during the clotting process
|
|
|
What is FDP
|
Fibrin Degradation Product that is a small fragments of fibrin that is broken down by plasmin
|
|
|
How is FDP removed?
|
Phagocytic Cells
|
|
|
What 2 clotting factors are present in the blood to help with clotting?
|
Fibrinogen and Prothrombin
|
|
|
What cells produce heparin?
|
Mast Cells (tissue basophilis)
|
|
|
What is postprandial?
|
After a meal
|
|
|
what is a pp test?
|
It is a post prandial test which means after a meal (2 hours) for glucose testing.
|
|
|
What is a GTT?
|
Glucose tolerance test, it checks for carb metabolism problems and to evaluate insulin response
|
|
|
What is the Glucose tolerance test help to diagnose?
|
Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
|
|
|
What is a test we like the patients to make an appointment for?
|
GTT
|
|
|
When is the first draw from the time they finish the Glucola during a GTT?
|
the 1/2 hour Draw (some docs don't care, but we need to do it)
|
|
|
What tests are performed when doing a paternity test?
|
ABO&Rh typing HLA typing and sometimes DNA testing
|
|
|
What are the different methods of Paternity Testing?
|
Blood - ABO&Rh testing and HLA and DNA
Swab Mouth- HLA and DNA Testing no blood typing |
|
|
When do we need a chain of custody form?
|
When the testing results will be used in a court of law or legal preceding. Paternity, Drug, Alcohol
|
|
|
What is ETOH?
|
Blood alcohol level testing
|
|
|
What is the most common toxicology testing?
|
ETOH Blood Alcohol level
|
|
|
When do we not use alcohol to prep the skin for vennipuncture?
|
When testing alcohol levels
|
|
|
What is the preferred tube when drawing for Blood Alcohol and Why?
|
Grey Tube because of the Sodium Floride helps preserve it.
|
|
|
What do we use to clean the skin for an ETOH collection?
|
Providone-iodine Benzalkonium Chloride (BZK) or saline- or soap and water
|
|
|
Wht are the 2 reasons why we do POCT?
|
We do point of care testing to:
1. be convent for the patient 2.have short TAT (turn around tine) |
|
|
What is the POCT Bleeding time test for?
|
To assess platelet plug formation to diagnose problems with hemostasis and as a pre surgical screening test
|
|
|
When do we draw TDM's?
|
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is ordered as a Time Collect Test
|
|
|
What 2 ways are TDM's ordered?
|
Peak (right after meeds are taken) or at the highest expected point.
Trough-(Right before the next dose is taken) at the lowest point. |
|
|
What tubes do we use to draw TDM's?
|
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is drawn with dk green (lithium Hep) or Red no gels allowed
|
|
|
What are 2 reasons for Point of care testing?
|
Convience to the patient and short TAT (turn around time)
|
|
|
What are the 4 Things we should know of with bleeding time?
|
Performed on the Voltar (inner) lateral surface of the arm.
Ingestion of prolong healing Disturbing platelet plug formation will start the bleeting time. Failure to maintain BP at 40mm Hg will decrease bleeding time |
|
|
What is normal bleeding time?
|
2-8 minutes
|
|
|
Wht are the 2 reasons why we do POCT?
|
We do point of care testing to:
1. be convent for the patient 2.have short TAT (turn around tine) |
|
|
What is the POCT Bleeding time test for?
|
To assess platelet plug formation to diagnose problems with hemostasis and as a pre surgical screening test
|
|
|
When do we draw TDM's?
|
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is ordered as a Time Collect Test
|
|
|
What 2 ways are TDM's ordered?
|
Peak (right after meeds are taken) or at the highest expected point.
Trough-(Right before the next dose is taken) at the lowest point. |
|
|
What tubes do we use to draw TDM's?
|
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring is drawn with dk green (lithium Hep) or Red no gels allowed
|
|
|
What are 2 reasons for Point of care testing?
|
Convience to the patient and short TAT (turn around time)
|
|
|
What are the 4 Things we should know of with bleeding time?
|
Performed on the Voltar (inner) lateral surface of the arm.
Ingestion of prolong healing Disturbing platelet plug formation will start the bleeting time. Failure to maintain BP at 40mm Hg will decrease bleeding time |
|
|
What is normal bleeding time?
|
2-8 minutes
|
|
|
What is the most common reason a physician orders a Blood Culture?
|
FUO - for a FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
|
|
|
What are the 2 other reasons besides FUO that an MD will order a blood culture?
|
Bacteremia (bacteria in the blood)
Septicemia (pathogenic bacteria in the blood) |
|
|
What is bacteremia?
|
Bacteria in the blood coming from your own system
|
|
|
What is Septicemia?
|
Pathogenic bacteria in the blood- usually coming from an outside source- malaria etc.
|
|
|
How are Blood culture sets usually ordered?
|
2 sets (4 bottles) drawn to raise your chances of getting the bacteria
|
|
|
What do blood cultures determine?
|
Presence and extent of infection
The organism responsible It tells us what antibiotic to which the organism is most susceptable |
|
|
What are the 2 types of Blood Culture Bottles?
|
Aerobic- With Air - blue
Anaerobic- No air - purple (they cannot grow with air - Do not draw first with a butterfly |
|
|
What is the order of Draw for Blood Cultures with a syringe?
|
Syringe Method- anaerobic to Aerobic (Purple to Blue)
|
|
|
What is the order of Draw for Blood Cultures Butterfly?
|
Butterfly- Aerobic to anaerobic (Blue to Purple)
|
|
|
What are the ways we can draw blood cultures?
|
Butterfly and syringe
|
|
|
What is the most important thing about taking a blood culture?
|
Skin Antisepsis
|
|
|
How do we clean the skin for blood culture draws?
|
Friction Scrub for 30-60 seconds with Chlorhexidine.
Allow to air dry for 30 seconds DO NOT RETOUCH! |
