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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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enemy aliens
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title given to italians and italian americans living in US during WWII (US fighting against Italy)
subject to raids, relocation, arrest, internment, etc. |
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Executive Order 9066
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issued by FDR during WWII (Feb 19, 1942) authorizing secretary of war to prescribe certain areas of US as military zones
-allowed for relocation of japanese, italians to internment camps |
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Ellis Island as internment camp
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ironic- once a place that represented freedom, the American Dream, new life free from oppression
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US POW camps for Italians
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some joined US service units to promote the Allied war effort (some refused to betray Italy/Fascism)
"coddling of prisoners" |
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Sunnyside Plantation (Arkansas)
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cotton plantation whose owner (Corbin) recruited Italian immigrants to work, attracted them with promises of land, but exploited them brutally
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Tontitown
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town settled by Italian imms led by their Catholic priest (Bandini) who began their lives in America on Sunnyside plantation
-gardens, orchards, vineyards, |
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Italian Swiss Colony
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founded by Pietro Rossi in 1881in Sonoma Valley
world renown for its champagne, huge wine producer |
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gold rush
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attracted many IT's westward
-didn't necessarily become miners, but merchants, restaurant owners, fishermen |
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1906 San Francisco earthquake
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April 18, 1906 - right after Caruso performed
much of the city destroyed by the tremors, resulting fires |
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Foreign Anti-Contract Labor Act 1885
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banned the importation and migration of foreigners under contract to perform labor in the US
-anti-immigrant sentiment (loss of work for native laborers) |
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contract labor and the padrone system
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network of business relationships to meet demand in America for cheap, unskilled labor
-acted as middlemen btwn imms and employers, lied to many imms about conditions in US |
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steamship passage/steerage
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usually paid for by padrone system/American employer to entice foreign laborers
-then added to their debt once they arrived |
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company stores/commissary system
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instead of being paid in American dollars, immigrant laborers paid in company store credit, so their entire salary went back to the plantation
-owners hiked up prices dramatically |
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inter-foreign tension in US
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between blacks and italians, italians and irish, etc.
all competing for the same low-wage, unskilled jobs |
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American attitudes toward Northern Italians
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thought of as more desirable, better educated, "whiter"
taller in stature, more dignified- represented elite italian culture |
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American attitudes toward Southern Italians
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thought of as less desirable, uneducated
dark skin, short in stature, peasant |
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fears of cheap labor, Catholic church
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1) feared that Italians willing to work for nearly nothing would ruin American wages, steal jobs from citizens
2) allegiance to pope/church would keep them from being true patriots |
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lynchings
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ITs were targets mostly in South
*11 lynched in New Orleans after being falsely accused of Mafia activity, acquitted of murdering David Hennessy |
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migration as Italian safety valve
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discontented, potentially riotous populations in Italy moved to the US to escape Italian state's deterioration
IT anarchists in American East moving westward |
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prohibition
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legal act prohibiting manufacture, transportation, sale of alcohol
Mafia makes huge sums thru bootlegging |
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bootlegging
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made a large segment of immigrant population (otherwise law abiding citizens) "criminals"
many IT's continue to make their own wines in their homes- large part of IT gastronomy/culture |
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18th Amendment
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prohibition of alcoholic beverages in US
ratified January 16, 1919 |
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19th Amendment
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gives women the right to vote (champions: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton)
ratified August 18, 1920 |
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CA wine, dairy, vegetable industries
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since climate, terrain of CA very similar to IT & there was available land, Italian imms were very successful in these industries
food suppliers, merchants |
