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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolute Monarchy
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divine right is justification
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Charles Five (hapsburg)
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King of Spain, HRE, and Naples
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Charles V- Wars
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versus German Princes in HRE (turks and French)
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Peace of Augsburg
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Prince chose religion of his people
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Phillip II
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won Lepanto/failed "inquisition"/defeated by Elizabeth (england)
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William the Silent
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lead the Netherlands to Independance
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Spanish Armada- why it failed
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Type of ship, style of fight, multi-national, and Protestant Winds
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Thirty Years War
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Austrian Hapsburgs(catholic) and the Bohemian(calvinist) revolts new nations join in
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Gustavus Adophus
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national army, well trained soldiers, flitlock musket
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Peace of Westphailia (for the Thirty Years War)
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German states pick own religion/HRE is next to powerless symbolic/France and Sweden gain territory/ German states devastated
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James I (Stuart) and Charles I
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(James) ruled with "absolute power"...Charles abused his powers
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Problems leading to English Civil War
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Charles raised taxes w/o consent; dissolved parliament as well
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Naseby
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battle where Charles was Defeated
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Roundheads vs. Cavaliers
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R-middle class (short hair); C-royalists (curly hair)
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Cromwell & His military dictatorship
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(interregrum) Blue Laws: took day to day pleasures away from the people..tolerated all religions except catholic atheists
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The Restoration/Charles II
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house of lords and authority of the church were restored (Test Act)
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Whigs and Tories
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W-upper class: opposed catholics/ T-Favored James II as king(whighs didnt)
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Glorious Revolution/James II(brother of Charles II)
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Glorious Revolution happened because people didnt want James' catholic heir to be king
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William and Mary
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called in to replace James II
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English Bill of Rights
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-civil rights and prohibited suspension of laws
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Hobbes
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"Levesthas" humans are nasty, poor/absolute ruler necessary
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Locke
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humans lived in equality/made gov to protect rights, and if it didnt it should be overthrown
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Gerorge I and the English Parliamentary system of Gov't/ Walpole
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voters vote the house of commons. The house of commons votes the House of Lords as well as the Prime Minister(leader) PM apoints cabinet
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French Civil War
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Hugenots(Henry of Navarre) Bourbon dynasty takes throne-converts to catholicism in order to rule
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Edict of Nantes
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gives Hugenots religous freedom/makes Catholicism Frances official religion
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Cardinal Richelieu
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ruled france for Louis XIII/took power from nobles/ Letter 'd Cachet(arrest warrants)/intendant system(civil servants of the king)
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Louis XIV
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married to dead King's sister, wants Phillip of Anjou(grandson to be king)
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Versailles
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keeps nobles occupied power taken away
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War of spanish Succesion
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Nations fought over whether someone could be king of both France and Spain
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Treaty of Utrecht
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Phillp is king/France and Spain may never be ruled by same person creates a "Balance of Power"
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Prussia
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Berlin=Capitol
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Frederick William I (Hohenzollern)
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famed military w/ help of "Junkers" (nobles) Great Elector
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Frederick the Great wars with Austria
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Marie Theresa (Austria) has alliance w/RUssia (pull out) and France (fight Britain) Frederick wins barely
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Partition of Poland
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takes it for Prussia
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New Hapsburg empire
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In Balkans
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Ivan the Great(III)
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started to liberate territory in Russia from mongols
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Ivan the Terrible(IV)
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first to use "czar"/forced "boyars"(nobles) to accept his authority
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Time of Troubles
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civil war *end of dynasty*.war bettween noble family
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ROmanov
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boyars elcet Mincahall Romanov as Czar
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Peter the Great
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Great Norther War-fights Charles XII(Sweden) Charles won at Navra/Peter won at Poltava)
Window to the West- Baltic sea land (expansion. |
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Catherine the Great
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first Enlightended despot
fought Ottoman Conflict. She got "Warm Water Port" (share of Black Sea and access to the Meditteranean) |
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Enlightened Despot
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Dictator with Reforms
-sought better economic conditions -free speech -religious liberty |
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Enlightenment
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Period of time in France where people became interested in politics etc
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Philosophe
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nobilty and middle class (making mankind better-belief)
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Relations of Newton and Locke to Enlightenment
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Locke=people molded by experience
Newton=world like a machine |
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Montesquieu
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"chekcs and balances" separation of power/ three types of gov
-lawes to govern society |
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Voltaire/Deism
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Criticized Christianity/Deism=God=mechanic, universal=clock god
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Diderot
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wrote Encyclopedia
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Rousseau
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believed humans are governed by general will/form of communism
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Adam Smith/Capitalism/The Wealth of Nations
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Smith=Laissez-faire=let people do what they want
Thought gov shouldnt interfere w/ economy trickle down effect=(Supply and Demand) |
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Wollstonecraft
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aadvocated Women's rights
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Estates System
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1st/2nd Estates=600 members and 3rd estate=600members
only 3rd estates pays taxes |
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Tennis Court Oath
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creates National Assembly: storming of Bastille
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National Assembly and its reforms
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New constitiution/undo Feudalism/Declaratioin of Rights of man lessens power of Catholic Church
1.Constitutional Monarchs-conservaive 2.Moderates (Girondins) 3.Radicals (Jacobins) |
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Flight to Varennes/War breaks out
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Monarch tries to escape
War-France, Austria, Prussia |
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National Convention/Jacobins
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NC-radical gov./Commitee of Public Safety (rids nation of internal enemies
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Robespierre
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behind Reign of Terror(Ventose Laws-take from rich and give to poor)
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Reign of Terror
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attempted to abolish Christianity
Cult of Supreme Being GUILLOTINE |
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Directory
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two house legislature/5 man committee-inflation/corruption
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Rise of Napoleon
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Military Dictatorship
defeats Astrians in Italy/Nelson defeats him at "Battle of NIle" |
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First Consul
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only wealthy citizens could participate
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Napoleon's Domestic Program/Napoleonic code
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equality for all citizens/peace w/ Catholic Church
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Napoleon's conquests/Re-drawn map of Europe
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enlarges France/states conquered forced to sign treaties of alliance
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Trafalgar
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Napoleon's defeated by British off coast of Spain
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Austerlitz
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defeats Russians and Austrians
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Tilsit
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gives him control of most of Continental Europe
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Continental System
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economic means of defeating British/closed uropean markets to British Goods
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Orders in Council (by British to counter Continental System)
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stopped ships headed toward Napoleon controlled ports
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Peninsula War
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guerilla war in spain
Napoleon puts brother as King- they revolt |
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INvasion of Russia
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Czar Alexander breaks treaty/invades-Russians use scorched earth tactic Frenchfail
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Elba
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Wellington defeits him at Leipzeig/(Paris captured)
Napoleon exilled to Elba |
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Hunred Days/Waterloo
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goes against the British and Prussian force and is defeated
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St. Helena
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exhiled here until death
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Metternich
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Austrian Prince (hated liberalism and nationalism)
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Industrial Revolution
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began in Britain because of deposits of Coal and Iron (also raw materials from colonies0
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Watt
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invented steam engine
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Textile and Transportion advances
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cotton/iron/bridges, steam engines, trains
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Problems after Industrialization
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pollution, towns overcroded
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Socialism
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(utopia and Radical)-
Utopia: peopl would share riches with the poor Radical:revolution |
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Marx and Engels (work together);their major ideas
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-Marx wrote "communist Manifesto" and "Das Capital"
-class struggle -capatalists exploit labor of workers (Proletariat) -Government in name of workers control everything |
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Dirsreali and Gladston
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Main PRime Minister
Disraeli=Tori Gladstone=Whig Tried to outdo each other |
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Growth of Democracy in Britain
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1.ll men could vote
2. Secret Ballot 3. Public Education House of comons is passed bill to limit Lords Power |
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Louis XVIII and Charles X
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tried to restore absolution but were overthrown by a revolution
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Louis Philipp
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"citizen king" (liberal) poor overthrow him
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Napoleon III
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nationalist (working mans emperor) focused on lower classes
set up puppet state in Mexico (Maximillian) Colonized N. Africa |
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Third Republic
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universal male suffrage
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1848 Revolutions
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after French Rev. sparks revolutions all over Europe(Cause Metternich to be fired)
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Cavour and Role of Piedmont-Sardinia)
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Cavour- Prime Minister of Italy (econmic expansions) Piedmont
Unified N. Italy |
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Garibaldi
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(red shirts) conctrolled Sicily and Naples-turned conquests over to Peidmont
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Steps to Unify Italy
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Ventia gained from beating Austrians/French withdraw from Rome
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Bismark
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Prime Minister of Prussia/Had backing of Wilhelm I
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Three wars leading to Unified Germany
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1. vs. AUstria
2. Danish 3. France/ Prussia |
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Franco-Prussian War
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Germans and Prussians vs. France
Causse= Sneakily got Louis Nap. Bonaparte to declare war on prussia Course- Paris Surrenders effects- France paid 5 billion, Francs and gave up Alsace-Loraine to Germany |
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Decembrist Revolt
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Nicholas I takes power(Austria sets him firmly in place)
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Alexander II
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becomes Czar/more liberal/"emancipation edict" ends serfdom
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