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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bilateral Kinship
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A kinship system where descent is traced through the father and the mother
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Endogamy
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The practice of selecting mates from within one's group
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Exogamy
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The practice of selecting mates from outside one's group
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Extended family
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The whole network of parents, children, and other relatives who form a family unit and often reside together.
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Family
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A primary group of perople- usually related by ancestry. marriage, or adoption- who form a cooperative economic unit to care for any offspring (and eachother) and who are committed to maintaining the group over time
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Family and Mdical Leave Act (FMLA)
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Federal Law requiring employers of a certain size to grant leave to employees for purposes of family care
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Kinship System
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The pattern of relationships that define people's family relationships to one another
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Monogamy
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THe marriage practice of a sexually exclusive marraige with one spouse at a time
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Nuclear Family
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Family in which a married couple resides together with their children
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Patrilineal Kinship
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A kinship system that traces descent through the father
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Polygamy
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A marriage practice in which either men or women can have multiple marraige partners
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Transnational Family
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Families where one parent (or both) lives and works in one country while the children remain in their countries of orgin.
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Achievement Test
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Test intended to measure what is actually learned rather than potential
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Cognitive Ability
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The capacity for abstract thinking
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Cognitive Elite
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The idea that there is a presumably genetically based elite class in the united states containing those with high IQ's, high incomes, and prestigious jobs
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Credentialism
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The insistence upon educational credentials only for their own sake
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Latent Functions
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Subtle, unintended consequences of an institutional element of which the participants are usually unaware
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Predictive Validity
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The extent t which a test accurately predicts later college grades, or some other criterion such as lieklihood of graduating
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Self Fulfilling Prophecy
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The process by which merely applying a label changes behavior and thus tends to justify the label.
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Standardized Ability Test
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Tests given to large populations and scored with respect to population averages
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Stereotype and Threat Effect
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The effect of a negative stereotype about one's self upon one's own test performance.
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Teacher Expectancy Effect
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The effect of the teacher's expectations on the stufents actual performance independent of the students ability
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Tracking
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Grouping or stratifying, students in schools on the basis of ability test scores.
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Alienation
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the feeling of powerlessness and separation from one's group in society
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Authority
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Power that is perceived by others as legitimate
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Automation
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The process by which human labor is replaced by machines
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Autonomous State Model
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A theoretical model of the state that interprets the state as developing interests of its own, independent of other interests
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Bureaucracy
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A type of formal ogranization characterized by an authority hieracrchy, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality
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Capitalism
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An economic system based on the principles of market competition, private property, and the pursuit of profit
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Charismatic Authority
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Authority derived from the personal appeal of a leader
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Communism
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An economic system where the state is the sole owner of the systems of production
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Contingent Worker
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Those who do not hold regular jobs but whose employment is dependent upon demand
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Deindustrialization
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The transition from a predominatly goods-producing economy to one based on the provision of services
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Democracy
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System of government based on the principle of representing all people through the right to vote
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Division of Labor
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The systematic interrelation of different tasks that develops in complex societies
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Dual Labor Market Theory
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The idea that women and men have different earninings because they tend to work in different segments of the labor market
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Economic Restructuring
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Contemporary transformations in the basic structure of work that are permanently altering the workplace, including the changing composition of the workplace, deindustrialization, the use of enhanced technology, and the development of a global economy
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Emotional Labor
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Work that is explicitly intended to produce a desired state of mind in a client
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Gender Gap
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Gender differences in behavior, such as voting behavior
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Glass Ceiling
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Popular concept referring to the limits that women and minorities experience in job mobility
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Global Economy
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Term used to refer to the fact that all dimendions of the economy now cross national borders
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Government
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Those state institutions that represent the population and make rules that govern the society
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Interest Group
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A constituency in cociety organized to promote its own agenda
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Interlocking Directorate
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Organizational linkages created when the same people sit on the boards of directors of a number of different corporations
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Job Displacement
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The permanent loss of certain job types when employment patterns shift, as when a manufacturing plants shuts down
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Multinational Corporations
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Corporations that conduct business across national borders
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Occupational Segregation
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A pattern in which different groups of workers are separated into different occupations
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Pluralist Model
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A theoretical model of power in society as coming from the representation of diverse interests of different groups in society
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Political Action Committee
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Groups of people who organize to support candidates they feel will represent their views
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Post Industrial Society
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A society economically dependent upon the production and distribution of services, info, and knowledge
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Power
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A person or group's ability to exercise influence and control over others
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Power Elite Model
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A theoretical model of power positing a strong link between government and business
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Propaganda
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Information disseminated by a group or organization intended tojustify its own power
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Rational-Legal Authority
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Authority stemming from rules and regulations typically written down as laws, procedures, or codes of conduct
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Sexual Harrassment
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Unwanted physical or verbal sexual behavior that occurs in the context of a relationship of unequal power and that is experienced as a threat to the victims job or educational activities
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Socialism
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An economic institution characterized by state ownership and management of the basic industries
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State
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The organized system of power and authority in society
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Traditional Authority
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Authority stemming fom long-established patterns that give certain people or group legitimate power in society
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Underemployment
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The condition of being employed at a skill level below what would be expected given a person's training, experience, or education
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Unemployment Rate
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The percentage of those not working, but officially defined as looking for work
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Work
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Productive human activity that produces something of value, either goods or services
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Xenophobia
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The fear and hatred of foreigners
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