Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The branch of science that studies all living things
|
biology
|
|
|
Tests of predictions of the physical world
|
experiments
|
|
|
A method of obtaining knowledge about nature.
|
science
|
|
|
Some branches of biology:
|
microbiology
zoology botany |
|
|
Science is always?
|
changing
|
|
|
Part of an experiment that is changed.
|
independent variable
|
|
|
Condition that is observed for an effect.
|
dependent variable
|
|
|
What are the two types of reasoning in science?
|
inductive and deductive
|
|
|
What is the Scientific Method?
|
a means of gathering information and testing ideas.
|
|
|
What is a hypothesis?
|
an informed, testable, and predictive solution to a scientific problem that explains a natural phenomenon, process, or event.
|
|
|
1.) Stating the problem.
2.) Forming a hypothesis 3.) Performing experiments 4.) Recording and Analyzing Data 5.) Stating a conclusion. Those are all basic steps to what? |
the Scientific Method.
|
|
|
In math you use numbers, in chemistry you use what?
|
quantities.
|
|
|
What part of the microscope holds lenses that increase magnification?
|
eyepiece.
|
|
|
What does the arm do on a microscope?
|
supports the body tube
|
|
|
What holds the lenses for magnification?
(on a microscope) |
objective lenses
|
|
|
Who invented one of the earliest microscopes?
|
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
|
|
|
All living things are composed of ______
|
matter
|
|
|
Super-cold and super-unexcited atoms
|
BE condensates
|
|
|
The positively charged particles in the nucleus are _______
|
protons
|
|
|
_______ have no charge.
|
neutrons
|
|
|
Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus are called ______
|
electrons
|
|
|
The mass of protons and the mass of neutrons in an atom is called the what?
|
atomic mass
|
|
|
________ are atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons.
|
isotopes
|
|
|
A negative ion is an _____
|
anion
|
|
|
What is formed when 2 or more kinds of atoms bind together chemically?
|
a compound
|
|
|
When 2 or more ions are bounded together what results?
|
ionic compound
|
|
|
Hydrogen bonds are 50 to 100 times weaker than what kind of bonds?
|
covalent
|
|
|
What is a chemical equation?
|
the symbolic language used to describe a chemical reaction.
|
|
|
A mixture with no uniform properties is a what?
|
heterogeneous mixture
|
|
|
Suspensions are ___________ mixtures.
|
heterogeneous
|
|
|
What is a colloid.
|
A mixture composed of particles dispersed in a medium.
|
|
|
Water expands by how much of a percentage when it freezes?
|
9%
|
|
|
What color will an acid turn blue litmus paper?
|
red
|
|
|
Litmus paper is an
|
indicator
|
|
|
Basic or ______ solutions contain lower concentrations of HHH ions.
|
alkaline
|
|
|
Normal human blood has a pH of what?
|
7.4
|
|
|
What is organic chemistry?
|
the study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms
|
|
|
What are carbohydrates made up of?
|
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
|
|
|
What's the ratio of carbohydrates?
|
1:2:1
|
|
|
Sucrose is the same as what?
|
table sugar
|
|
|
Glycogen is a ______________
|
polysaccharide.
|
|
|
What is a lipid?
|
large and varied group of biological molecules, which generally are not soluble in water.
|
|
|
What is a steroid?
|
molecules used by the human body as hormones or communication molecules.
|
|
|
What contains the highest energy?
|
fats.
|
|
|
What are the basic building materials of all living things?
|
proteins
|
|
|
What is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction?
|
catalyst
|
|
|
How many different small molecules called amino acids found in human protein?
|
20
|
|
|
The smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life is what?
|
a cell
|
|
|
The cell size is greatly influenced by the ratio of cell surface area to cell ______.
|
volume
|
|
|
What are the 2 types of cells?
|
prokaryote and eukaryote
|
|
|
What does the cell theory state?
|
1) all living things are composed of cells
2) all cells come from preexisting cells 3) cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things. |
|
|
Who looked at cork and gave cells their name?
|
Robert Hooke
|
|
|
Many scientists contributed to the what?
|
cell theory
|
|
|
There's over 100 trillion cells in our body. How many die every minute?
|
over 3 million
|
|
|
What is the "brain" of the cell?
|
the nucleus
|
|
|
Only _____ cells have chloroplasts.
|
plant
|
|
|
What regulates material entering and leaving the cell?
|
Plasma membrane
|
|
|
Material may be passive or ______ transported.
|
actively
|
|
|
The two types of endocytosis are what?
|
pinocytosis and phagocytosis
|
|
|
Define exocytosis.
|
the release of large molecules or groups of molecules from the cell.
|
|
|
Stored energy is called what?
|
potential energy
|
|
|
All moving objects possess what kind of energy?
|
kinetic
|
|
|
Moving objects do no possess the same amount of ______ energy
|
kinetic
|
|
|
Stored potential energy that molecules contain is called _______ _____.
|
chemical energy
|
|
|
______ is the ability to do work.
|
energy
|
|
|
What kind of units is energy expressed in?
|
kilojoules
|
|
|
The first law of thermodynamics states what?
|
the total energy in a system remains constant.
|
|
|
The second law of thermodynamics states what?
|
entropy (S) increases as energy is converted.
|
|
|
Green plants and algae are _________.
|
autotrophs
|
|
|
Green plants and algae make their own food by what?
|
photosynthesis
|
|
|
What's the equation for photosynthesis?
|
6CO + 12H O + sunlight + chlorophyll
2 2 + enzymes -> C H O + 6O + 6H O 6 12 6 2 2 |
|
|
Light is a form of _______ energy.
|
radiant
|
|
|
The types of enzymes are:
|
anabolic and catabolic
|
|
|
An enzyme whose shape has been changed is said to be _______
|
denatured
|
|
|
New cells are produced by the process of ____ _______.
|
cell division
|
|
|
The Cell Cycle is an organized sequence of events that begins with the birth of new _______ cells.
|
daughter
|
|
|
What are the two phases that the cell cycle is divided into?
|
interphase and mitosis
|
|
|
What's interphases 3 phases?
|
G phase, S phase, and G phase.
1 2 |
|
|
What are the 2 mitotic phases?
|
mitosis and cytokinesis mitosis
|
|
|
Mitosis has 4 phases. What are they?
|
1) phrophase
2) metaphase 3) anaphase 4) telophase |
|
|
_______ cells are cells that are not responding to normal growth signals.
|
cancer
|
|
|
A mass of abnormal growing cells is called a ______.
|
tumor.
|
|
|
Binary fission occurs in ___________ such as bacteria and blue-green algae.
|
prokaryotes
|
|
|
_________ is the ability of an organism to grow back a missing part.
|
Regeneration
|
|
|
Humans have how many chromosomes?
|
46
|
|
|
How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
|
23
|
|
|
Diploid cells undergo ______ to form gametes.
|
meiosis
|
|
|
The female gamete is called an ___
|
egg.
|
|
|
The male gamete is called the _____.
|
sperm
|
|
|
Meiosis involves 2 separate divisions:
|
Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2
|
|
|
Meiosis 1 occurs in four steps:
|
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, and Cytokinesis.
|
|
|
Meiosis 2 occurs in four steps:
|
Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, and cytokinesis.
|
|
|
______ is the scientific study of heredity.
|
Genetics
|
|
|
The trait that always is expressed when 2 traits are mixed is called what?
|
dominant trait.
|
|
|
The _______ is a visible trait caused by genes which are invisible.
|
phenotype
|
|
|
The genetic makeup of an organism is the ________.
|
genotype
|
|
|
What is the trait that is masked?
|
recessive.
|
|
|
What does the Principal of Dominance state?
|
That one allele expresses complete dominance over the other.
|
|
|
What is a grid used to predict the inheritance?
|
a punnett square
|
|
|
A monohybrid cross involves using a punnett square with only ___ trait.
|
one
|
|
|
A dihybrid cross involves using a punnett square with ___ different traits.
|
two
|
|
|
Who concluded that the heredity materials resides in the nucleus?
|
Sutton
|
|
|
Who discovered sex-linkage while conducting fruit fly experiments?
|
Morgan
|
|
|
Who paved the way for genetic maps?
|
Sturtevant
|
|
|
___ is the genetic material that makes up chromosomes
|
DNA
|
