Final Exam Comm105B

Front 1

Have a listening goal. They want to know more about a topic or they want to hear a particular speaker. Consequently, they are self-selected in that they voluntarily and intentionally seek out an opportunity to hear a particular speech.

Back 1

Motivated Audience

Front 2

identifying audiences by populations they represent, such as age or ethnicity

Back 2

demographic analysis

Front 3

refers to a group's common heritage and cultural traditions, usually national or religious in origin

Back 3

ethnicity

Front 4

relevant or significant

Back 4

salient

Front 5

categories, often associated with stererotypes, based on physical characteristics

Back 5

race

Front 6

culturally constructed category such as race or gender

Back 6

social category

Front 7

clusters of traits culturally labeled as masculine, feminine, or androgynous

Back 7

gender

Front 8

the speaker's reputation or expertise that makes them believable even before they say a word -

Back 8

prior or extrinsic credibility

Front 9

obvious knowledge the speaker shows during the speech

Back 9

demonstrated or intrinsic credibility

Front 10

final impression listeners have of a speaker

Back 10

Terminal credibility

Front 11

counting; helps your listeners understand the extent of a problem or an issue; the number of ppl injured annually, etc.

Back 11

enumeration

Front 12

Rules to ennumeration

Back 12

1.) round your numbers up or down. Listeners find it hard to remember exact numbers, and they change rapidly 2.) make numbers come alive by comparing them to something already that your listener's experience

Front 13

Points out similarities between things

Back 13

comparison or analogy

Front 14

compare actual things that are similar in important ways

Back 14

literal analogy

Front 15

stating differences between two things

Back 15

contrasts

Front 16

highlighing similarities between two otherwise, dissimilar things, requires an imaginative connection

Back 16

figurative analogies

Front 17

these people may not have scientific facts and related theories, but can tell you how it feels to be involved as a participant with firsthand knowledge

Back 17

peer testimony

Front 18

looking back to something from your introduction and repeating it in your conclusion

Back 18

'echo'

Front 19

a subject into subtopics, each of which is part of the whole

Back 19

topical organization

Front 20

generally develop how many main points?

Back 20

3 to 5

Front 21

canon of disposition

Back 21

guidelines for organization, named by the romans

Front 22

the sequencing, what comes first and what follows

Back 22

the chronological pattern

Front 23

"logics of meaning and action" that define our obligations as well as our taboos. beliefs, attitudes, and values (BAV) along with behaviors that provide a logical basis for a culture to define what is necessary, right, doubtful, or forbidden.

Back 23

Core Cultural Resources

Front 24

"the good person, skilled in speaking"

Back 24

Vir Bonum, Dicendi Peritus

Front 25

static, that interferes with both the message and its reception.

Back 25

noise

Front 26

static, that interferes with both the message and its reception. a sore throat

Back 26

external noise

Front 27

static, that interferes with both the message and its reception. listener's worries over being hungry

Back 27

internal noise

Front 28

static, that interferes with both the message and its reception. such as a cultural differences that make the message irrelevant or offensive as when the topic runs into the listener's cultural norms

Back 28

cultural noise

Front 29

Theory proposing that face-to-face conversation is the prototype that is foundational to all other communication

Back 29

dialogical theory of communication

Front 30

speaker's and listener's mutual engagement with the ideas, which allows them to jointly forge meanings

Back 30

respons-ibility

Front 31

cultural norms we rely upon when we participate in a specific type of communication; meanings lie in people;

Back 31

speech genres

Front 32

to get the other person to come to understand accept your meanings

Back 32

the purpose of communication

Front 33

display a linear form one or more variables that fluctuate over a time period; best for showing variables like college enrollment over two decades; also good for showing the relationship of two or more variables such as a comparison of males and females in the same time period.

Back 33

line graphs

Front 34

a set of principles, standards, norms, guidelines, for creating the content of your speech; referring to the use of language in public speaking 1.)invention 2.) disposition 3.) style 4.) memory 5.) delivery

Back 34

canon of rhetoric

Front 35

a specialized, technical vocabulary and style that serves special groups (doctors, lawyers) interest, activities, and so on.

Back 35

jargon

Front 36

the use of exaggeration for effect

Back 36

hyperbole

Front 37

saying 'um' or 'uh' or other sounds during a pause; many professionals and beginners use 'ums' but too many can be distracting.

Back 37

filled (vocalized) pauses

Front 38

presenting a speech with little advanced notice and as you create it. takes the least amount of prep and rehearsal, given spur of the moment;

Back 38

impromptu speeches

Front 39

preparing and rehearsing a speech carefully in advance, but choosing the exact wording as you deliver the speech; most common method in the workplace and classroom;

Back 39

extemporaneous delivery

Front 40

you write out your entire speech and read it; not recommended in the classroom or in most workplace situations because its the most inactive delivery method; euologies and award speeches; radio/television speeches;

Back 40

manuscript delivery

Front 41

the justification or reasoning that you and your listeners use to connect your evidence with your claim; how officers justify an arrest,

Back 41

warrant

Front 42

a generalization or principle

Back 42

the premise

Front 43

an attack on the messenger rather than the message; personal attack, against the person, discounts or demeans the messenger

Back 43

ad hominem

Front 44

defined as the ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner; find the delivery that works best for you in any given situation

Back 44

communicative competence

Front 45

incorporates vocal variety, fluency, good use of gestures, and eye contact to create an impression of dynamism as well as credibility

Back 45

confident style

Front 46

calmer, softer, slower, and less intense, but still maintains good eye contact and gestures

Back 46

conversational style

Front 47

presenting the words, images, or ideas of others as if they were your own

Back 47

plagiarism

Front 48

knowing, intentional plagiarism; this happens when students borrow, buy, or steal someone Else's speech or written outline and present it as if it were their own work; it is knowingly and intentionally done.

Back 48

deliberate fraud

Front 49

plagiarist copy entire paragraphs word-for-word articles into a paper or speech without using quotation marks or naming the sources next to the material.

Back 49

cut-and-paste plagiarism

Front 50

the plagiarist changes or translates a few words but keeps the basic structure and ideas of the original intact, and fails to credit the source next to the material, even though they might supply a list of resources at the end of the paper.

Back 50

improper paraphrase

Front 51

if you make up information or guess at numbers but present them as factual without checking its accuracy;

Back 51

fabrication

Front 52

Sometimes the speaker's language is a barrier and a diverse culture includes many language variations; language, vocabulary;

Back 52

linguistic barriers

Front 53

references to cultural allusions, or culturally specific historical, literary, and religious sources.

Back 53

cultural barriers

Front 54

personal distractions can obstruct your listening; physical factors, psychological factor; prejudice; stereotypes

Back 54

personal barriers

Front 55

used to sort out competing claims for your allegiance, your beliefs, your money, and your time. analyze evidence, ponder implications, and evaluate the merits of various appeals

Back 55

critical listening

Front 56

Request for more lengthy responses; invite longer answers that could be developed in a variety of ways,

Back 56

Open questions

Front 57

Useful for speeches about places or things made up of several parts. Like a campus guide leading a tour of the library and what is on each floor, the order doesn't matter; top to bottom, side to side, or bottom to top;

Back 57

the spatial organizational pattern

Front 58

repetitive pattern that presents variations of themes and ideas, with major points presented at the crests; common in ceremonial speaking; examples lead up to another major point and conclusions wind down and lead the audience gradually from your topic.

Back 58

wave organizational pattern

Front 59

the feelings or emotions aroused in the listeners. this is potentially emotional topic; influences listener's emotions

Back 59

affective effects

Front 60

summaries or interpretations of an event or a person provided by nonparticipants

Back 60

secondary sources