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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reefs (made out of)
|
-organic
-calcium carbonate (secreting animals and plants -limestone |
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Phylum
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Cnidaria
|
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Polyp
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-individual coral
-secrets protective excoskeleton of calcium carbonate called a corolite -saitary or colony -colonial species give rise to coral reefs |
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Hermatype
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-zooxanthella
-reef builders -colonial -shallow, tropical seas |
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Ahermatypic
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-non-reef building
-not limited to shallow or warm water -some in polar seas |
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Clamete
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moon
|
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planula
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forms from fertilized egg of medusa
|
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metamorphosis
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-butterflies
|
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coral nutrition
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tentacles capture prey
|
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neumatocysts
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-stinging cless
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symbiotic zooxanthellae
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photosynthetic dinoflagellates
-provides oxygen and organic materials -remove the corals waste products -enhance the skeleton formation |
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-mesenterial filaments
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-digestive enzymes
-through mouth or body wall -absorb food |
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dissolved organic material
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from water
|
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Reefs (characteristics)
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-nutrients levels are low
-coral reefs are highly productive environments -zooxanthellae obtain nutrients from coral waste products. -material recycled -complex structure provides niches |
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-coraline red algae
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bind and stabalize reefs
grazed extensively |
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where are coral reefs located
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between 30*n and 30*s
|
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growth determined by
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-water >20*c
-salinity -water clarity -nutrient levels |
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el nino
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warm water
coral bleaching |
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high nutrients
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europhication
-algae bloom |
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atoll reef
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ring like coral island and reef nearly or entirely encloses a lagoon
|
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symbiotic zooxanthellae
|
photosynthetic dinoflagellates
-provides oxygen and organic materials -remove the corals waste products -enhance the skeleton formation |
|
-mesenterial filaments
|
-digestive enzymes
-through mouth or body wall -absorb food |
|
dissolved organic material
|
from water
|
|
Reefs
|
-nutrients levels are low
-coral reefs are highly productive environments -zooxanthellae obtain nutrients from coral waste products. -material recycled -complex structure provides niches |
|
-coraline red algae
|
bind and stabalize reefs
grazed extensively |
|
where are coral reefs located
|
between 30*n and 30*s
|
|
growth determined by
|
-water >20*c
-salinity -water clarity -nutrient levels |
|
el nino
|
warm water
coral bleaching |
|
high nutrients
|
europhication
-algae bloom |
|
atoll reef
|
ring like coral island and reef nearly or entirely encloses a lagoon
|
|
Barriers
|
a long narrow, ridge of coral or rock parallel to and relatively near a coastline, separated from the coastline by a lagoon too deep for coral growth
|
|
Fringing reef
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-a coral reef form close to shoreline
|
|
Theory of atoll origin
|
-Charles Darwin 1830's
-Proposed that an atoll began as a fringing reef around a volcanic island |
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Reef Anatomy
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-wave action
-surface waves are intense, so corals from thin encrusting sheets |
|
Epipelagic
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-photic zone (-500 ft)
|
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Mesopelagic
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-dim light
|
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Deep Sea
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-no light
|
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Zooplankton- example
|
krill (photophores)
ostrocods jellyfish siphonophores combjellies squid (photophores) |
|
Fish
|
-small
-Bristlemouths (cyclothone & laternfish) |
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fish adaptations
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-transparent
-small size -large mouth -hinged & extendible jaw -huge |
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counter illuminateion
|
-similar to countershading
-break up silhouette |
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Bathypelagic
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-deep sea (top)
|
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Abyssopelagic
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-deep sea (middle)
|
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Hadal
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-deep sea (lower)
|
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Conditions
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-cold & dark (red or gray)
-stable |
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Biolum
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-attract prey
-communication |
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deep sea eyes ___
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small or blind
|
|
most common deap sea fish
|
anglers & bristle mouths
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